Psychology B - Unit 2 Learning and Language

Which is an example of positive reinforcement using the Law of Effect?

- A child helps their parent around the house more because the parent praises them when they do.

Which situation are examples of negative punishment? Select all that apply.

- taking away a toy after siblings fight with one another - taking away a driver's license after repeated speeding tickets

Which is a difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Learning from classical conditioning is based on what happens before a response, while learning from operant conditioning is based on what happens after a response.

Which answer correctly completes the sentence?

According to Whorf's theory of language acquisition, language influences our (reality).

Which answer correctly completes the sentence?

Facial expressions, body language, and tone are aspects of a structural feature of language called (context).

Which is a description of morphemes?

They are the smallest units of language that have meaning and cannot be broken down further

How does damage to Broca's area in the brain affect someone;s language usage?

They have a hard time speaking smoothly in sentences, so they omit smaller words and speak in short fragments of sentences.

Which answer best completes this sentence? Observational learning involves __________, while cognitive learning focuses on the active use of the brain to make new, deep connections.

imitating someone else's behavior

The different forms a word can take is a description of which structural feature of language?

lexeme

Which structural feature of language describes this related series of words: wun, ran, runs?

lexeme

Which word correctly completes the sentence?

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are forms of (associative) learning.

Global aphasia causes what difficulty with language?

It destroys allor nearly all aspects of language.

Which word best completes the sentence?

Punishment is a consequence that will (decrease) behavior.

Which is a weakness of Skinner's theory of language acquisition?

Skinner's theory does not explain how children learn language so quickly.

Which best describes classical conditioning?

Two stimuli are paired to make a new learned response.

Which is the correct definition of reinforcement?

a consequence that will increase or strengthen a behavior

Which is the correct description of operant conditioning?

learning that is based on the consequences that occur after a behavior

Which is an example of classical conditioning?

A dog is taught to salivate to a flashing light.

Which are examples of common situations that use operant conditioning? Select all that apply.

- A teacher gives out gold stars for students that follow the classroom rules. - A woman rewards herself with a new outfit after exercising every day for a month. - A student had her phone taken away by her parents after she failed her biology class.

Which is an example of the Law of Effect showing a negative behavior that is likely to be repeated because it was reinforced?

A mother gives a toddler a lollipop in the frocery store to try to quiet him during a tantrum.

Which answer best completes this sentence?

Ben is afraid of dogs. If classical conditioning was used to explain his fear, then at some point in his childhood, (a scary incident) was paired with a dog.

Which factor makes Chimsky's theory of language acquisition different from other theories?

Chomsky believed children were born with the ability to learn language.

A patinet who has suffered a stroke is asked how he is feeling. The patient replies "The only mouser in green hopsling was the one we most ever needed in helping." What type of aphasia has resulted from the stroke?

Wernicke's aphasia (receptive aphasia)

Add the midding terms to complete the sentence about operative conditioning.

When operant conditioning is used to change behavior, positive reinforcement means to (add), and negative means to (take away).

Which is the correct definition of observational learning?

gaining knowledge or abilities by watching or imitating someone's behavior, or by observing the consequences of someone's actions

Which is the correct definition of cognitive learning?

gaining knowledge or abilities through activities that are engaging and that use the brain to make new, long-lasting connections

Learning to use aggression when angry as a result of watching parents use aggression when angry is an example of what type of learning?

observational learning

Which structural feature of language accounts for the difference between the words "pink" and "sink"?

phoneme

Which correctly defines language acquisition?

the process by which we gain the ability to grasp and produce language, as well as use words to communicate