Psychology Ch. 1

Anna is 45-years-old and is suffering from hot flashes and extreme moodiness. From a ____ perspective, Anna's smptoms can be attributed to menopause

biopsychological

Mary is a psychologist who focuses on the role of conscious and unconscious mind. To which perspective does Mary ascribe?

cognitive

____ focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information

cognitive psychology

Dr. Edwards wants to show a causal relationship between tobacco smoking and cancer. Dr. Edwards should

conduct an experiment using animal participants

Mrs. Lewis participated in a study in which she was given no treatment for her condition. Mrs. Lewis was in the ____ group

control

Experimenters control the effects of extraneous or confounding variables upon members of experimental and control groups by using

random assignment

What did Watson believe about behavior?

that it is learned

Sasha sat in the preschool classroom and watched the children play, writing down how well they interacted with each other. The children could see that Sasha was watching them, so they made an attempt to be extra well-behaved for her. Sasha's research will be impacted by

the observer effect

Mrs. O'Connor participated ina study in which she was told she would try out a new allergy medicine. She was in the group that recieved a sugar pill but she believed that the pill did indeed help control her allergy symptoms. This phenomenon is known as

the placebo effect

In an experiment in which half of the participants are given a caffeinated product and half are given a decaffeinated product to determine if caffeine will make them more talkative, the independent variable is

the presence or absence of caffeine

Because psychologists want to be precise and measure as carefully as they can, they use ____ to study psychology

the scientific method

Researchers use ____ for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data

the scientific method

If a correlation coefficient is positive

the two variables increase in the same direction

Which of the following is a guideline for doing research with people?

Participants must be allowed to make an informaed decision about participation

Dr. Jonas wanted to determine what would happen if rats were given food every time they completed a maze. He believed they would learn to complete the maze faster. This belief is called

a prediction

John Watson believed that phobias

are learned through the process of conditioning

A drug company is determining the effects of a treatment for depression. Neither the researcher nor the participants know who is getting the treatment and who is being given a sugar pill. This type of study is

double-blind

The psychological perspective that is associated with William James is

functionalism

Correlation will tell researhes all of the following except ____ between variables

if there is causation

Freud believed that personality was formed

in the first 6 years of life

Freud's theory of psychoanalysis

is still in use by professionals toady, with less emphasis on sex and sexual motivations

Researchers who allow their expectations about what they will see to affect the results of their observation studies are suffering from

observer bias

When Mary took the survey in the mall, she noticed the interviewer was wearing an Obama button. She answered the questions more favorably toward Obama than she might otherwise have, probably because

of courtesy bias

A ____ has a medical degree and is a medical doctor

psychiatrist

Which of the following illustrates psychology's goal of control?

using rewards to help a smoker give up cigarettes