Psychology Chapter 10 Intelligence
If you were administered a standardized intelligence test at multiple points over the course of your life, at which of these ages would you probably score the highest?
35
Supplementing the diets of pregnant women with fatty acids found in breastmilk has been found to enhance IQ by about _____ points.
4
Suzie displays the mental ability typical of a 6-year-old child. Therefore, her mental age is:
6
Which statement is true?
Across all populations, about 50 percent of the difference between people's intelligence test scores is due to differences in environmental factors
Which statement is true?
Across all populations, about 50 percent of the difference between people's intelligence test scores is due to differences in environmental factors.
The ability to understand words and sentences corresponds to the primary mental ability of:
verbal comprehension
The ability to understand words and sentences corresponds to the primary mental ability of:
verbal comprehension.
Which of these domains of intelligence tend to decrease the least with age?
verbal reasoning
The heritability coefficient of intelligence is roughly:
.5
The WAIS consists of _____ core subtests
10
The WAIS consists of _____ core subtests.
10
Studies suggest that being raised in a high socioeconomic status (SES) instead of a low SES family is worth between _____ IQ points.
12-18
Isabel is 3 years old. Her mental age is 5. What is her ratio IQ?
167
The ratio IQ is NOT appropriate for a person of age:
30
_____ believed that intelligence is a single general ability, whereas _____ believed that people do not have a single general ability called intelligence, but instead have several primary mental abilities.
Charles Spearman; Louis Thurstone
_____ introduced the terms fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.
John Carroll
Who developed the ratio IQ?
Lewis Terman
Which statement about emotionally intelligent people is FALSE?
They exhibit high levels of neural activity when solving emotional problems.
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of emotionally intelligent people?
They usually outlive people with lower emotional intelligence.
What is the correct order of average intelligence score, from highest to lowest?
Whites, Latinos, Blacks
Someone who is able to identify and define problems and to find strategies for solving them has what Robert Sternberg called _____ intelligence.
analytic
Robert Sternberg argued that standardized intelligence tests primarily measure _____ intelligence.
analytical
Binet and Simon designed their intelligence test to measure a child's:
aptitude for learning.
According to Thurstone's theory, the primary mental abilities:
are not analogous to Spearman's g or s.
The heritability coefficient of intelligence:
can be applied meaningfully only to populations.
The major disadvantage of the data-based approach to identifying middle-level abilities is that it:
cannot identify middle-level abilities that are not already measured by intelligence tests.
A _____ approach to describing middle-level abilities starts with peoples' responses on intelligence tests and then looks to see what kinds of independent clusters these responses form.
data-based
Poverty experienced during _____ will MOST likely to have deleterious effects on intelligence.
early childhood
Group differences in intelligence test scores:
emerge even on tests of nonverbal skills.
Sir Francis Galton studied _____ and concluded that intelligence is largely determined by _____.
eminent families; heredity
Robert Sternberg suggested that there are three kinds of intelligence, which include all of these EXCEPT _____ intelligence.
emotional
The heritability of intelligence among older people is _____ than the heritability among young people, perhaps because _____.
higher; older people have more similar experiences than younger people
Fraternal twins reared together have less similar intelligence test scores than:
identical twins reared apart
The genetic influence on intelligence is illustrated by the finding that:
identical twins reared apart are more similar than fraternal twins reared together.
The first intelligence test was developed in order to:
identify children who needed remedial education
Education typically produces _____ in intelligence.
small increases
Asian and African cultures are more likely than Western cultures to include _____ in their conceptualization of intelligence.
social cooperativeness
Which of these is the best predictor of intelligence?
socioeconomic status
Men typically outscore women on tests that involve:
spatial memory.
John Carroll's list of middle-level abilities includes all of these EXCEPT:
spatial recognition
Thousands of years ago, a highly advanced civilization in a galaxy far away decided to clone its most intelligent and fearless soldier. These self-replicating clones were then sent out to populate the multiverse. Over time, the cloned soldiers eradicated all other intelligent beings in the multiverse. As a result, the heritability coefficient of intelligence in the multiverse is:
0.
People are tested on the following: staying balanced on a unicycle, understanding Shakespeare, juggling balls, solving algebraic problems, writing an essay on a controversial topic, counting backward by 7 out loud, comprehending vocabulary, balancing a checkbook, and completing an obstacle course. Most likely, the patterns of correlation among these tests would yield _____ middle-level abilities.
2
John Carroll analyzed intelligence test scores from nearly 500 studies and defined _____ independent middle-level abilities.
8
Which statements about racial differences in intelligence is FALSE?
African Americans who have a higher percentage of European genes tend to have higher intelligence scores than African Americans with a lower percentage of European genes.
The MOST likely reason why African Americans have lower intelligence scores than European Americans is that:
African Americans, on average, live in lower SES households than European Americans.
The creators of the first intelligence tests were:
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.
Which biologically related pairs will probably be most dissimilar in intelligence?
Herbert and Henrietta, siblings born three years apart and raised in different homes
Leslie and Shannon are monozygotic twins. Which statement about Leslie and Shannon is FALSE?
Leslie and Shannon share 50 percent of their genes.
Which statement about the relationship between SES and intelligence is FALSE?
Low SES children are exposed to fewer toxins than high SES children so their intelligence does not differ
Which of these belongs to the class of drugs called ampakines?
Modafinil
Which of these is NOT one of the tests on the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale IV (WAIS-IV)?
Processing Accuracy Test
Which statement about gifted children is FALSE?
Profoundly gifted children are more likely to become major contributors to their fields of work than moderately intelligent children.
Which statement regarding the number of middle-level mental abilities is true?
Psychologists are not in general agreement as to the number of middle-level abilities.
_____ intelligence is likely to be stable over time; _____ intelligence typically changes over the course of a lifetime.
Relative; absolute
IQ tests given in the 1920s that supposedly were designed to identify if certain immigrant groups were "feebleminded" led the United States to pass laws restricting immigration from:
Southern and Eastern Europe.
_____ termed general intellectual ability _____.
Spearman; g
Part of the interview process for hiring new workers in the wood mill includes testing each worker's ability to demonstrate strategies on how to make the first cuts on a piece of lumber. The manager of the mill believes that the result of this work-related test predicts future job performance. The manager most likely subscribes to _____ theory of intelligence.
Sternberg's
Which statement about siblings with significantly different IQs is true?
The less intelligent sibling will earn approximately half the income as the more intelligent sibling.
Which of these would NOT appear on the WAIS?
Write the word "zucchini."
In the three-level hierarchy of intelligence tests, _____ is/are at the top, _____ is/are in the middle, and _____ is/are at the bottom.
a general factor; group factors; specific factors
The correlation between the intelligence test scores of identical twins who have never met is about the same as the correlation between intelligence test scores of:
a person who has taken the test twice.
The heritability coefficient of intelligence is roughly 0.5, meaning:
about 50 percent of the variability in intelligence scores can be explained by genetic differences.
Which of these domains of intelligence tend to decrease the most with age?
abstract reasoning
To find out if intelligence was a single general ability, Charles Spearman measured how well school-age children could discriminate small differences in color, auditory pitch, and weight; subsequently, he correlated these scores with the children's:
academic performance
Molly, age 12, earns straight A's in history, science, math, English, and geography. Her grades in these classes measure Molly's:
achievement
When you and Allyson took an intelligence test in the third grade, you two had the highest scores in the class. If your same class takes an intelligence test now that you're in the eleventh grade, it is likely that you and Allyson will:
be at or near the top of the class in terms of intelligence
When people have identical genes, the differences in their intelligence are influenced:
completely by environment.
The debate between Louis Thurstone and Charles Spearman raged for many years until a technique called _____ revealed that each researcher's theory was partially correct.
confirmatory factor analysis
Alfred Binet believed that, over the lifetime, intelligence:
could be altered based on experiences.
The ability to generate solutions that other people tend not to generate is called _____ intelligence.
creative
Deshawn has an English test where he has to provide the definitions of vocabulary words. This test requires _____ intelligence.
crystallized
As the age difference between siblings increases, the correlation between their intelligence scores:
decreases
Fraternal twins:
develop from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm.
Sophia competes successfully at national-level spelling bees. The two-factor theory of intelligence predicts that Sophia:
does well in her algebra class
Raven's Progressive Matrices Test can be used to assess _____ intelligence.
fluid
_____ intelligence is the ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences.
fluid
If we think of the brain as a machine that uses old information to produce new information, then _____ intelligence refers to the way the machine runs, and _____ intelligence refers to the information it uses and produces.
fluid; crystallized
Louis Thurstone disagreed with Charles Spearman, instead believing there are a few stable and independent mental abilities that include all of the these EXCEPT _____ ability.
general
For hiring employees without previous experience, the most valid measure of future performance and learning is:
general mental ability
Height is a highly heritable trait, which means that:
genes establish the range of heights a person may achieve.
According to the textbook:
genes may exert a powerful influence on intelligence by determining the nature of environments in which people live.
The main reason why intelligent people earn much more money that those with less intelligence is that they:
get more education.
The correlation between the amount of formal education people receive and their intelligence is:
greater than .5.
Most educational programs:
have effects that dwindle and vanish within a few years.
Research suggests the reason why first-born children have higher IQs than their siblings is that first-born children:
have exclusive access to their parents' child-rearing until siblings are born.
Modern intelligence tests:
have few, if any, questions with a clear cultural bias.
Over the lifetime of an individual, absolute intelligence tends to:
increase between adolescence and middle age, and then decline thereafter.
The Flynn effect refers to the fact that:
intelligence scores are increasing across generations.
The psychologist most noted for his contributions to the Stanford�Binet intelligence test is:
lewis terman
Highly intelligent people _____ than those who are less intelligent.
live longer
Joey is 10 years old. His score on an intelligence test is the same as that of an 8-year-old. We can conclude that Joey:
may need remedial education.
The ratio IQ is calculated by the formula:
mental age/chronological age � 100.
The generic name for Ritalin is:
methylphenidate.
Cognitive speediness is best classified as what kind of ability?
middle-level
In the three-level hierarchy of mental ability, group factors are:
middle-level abilities similar to Thurstone's primary mental abilities.
Adderall is the brand name for:
mixed amphetamine salts.
Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm are called:
monozygotic twins
Arnold and Ernie are brothers, ages 12 and 10, respectively, who share many common interests. As they increase in age, their intelligence test scores will become:
more similar than their current scores.
If we assume that wealthy children all have nice homes with books, adequate nutrition, and time for play and exercise, we can also assume that the heritability of intelligence among wealthy children is _____ than among poor children.
much higher
Charles Spearman's research revealed that while different measures were positively correlated, they were _____ perfectly correlated.
not
If an Asian American woman is reminded of her gender right before taking a math test, she will _____; if she is reminded of her ethnicity right before taking the test, she will _____.
perform more poorly; perform better
The two-factor theory of intelligence predicts a _____ correlation between solving algebra problems and identifying musical notes.
positive
Robert Sternberg argued that _____ intelligence best predicts job performance.
practical
Workers at a milk processing factory develop complex strategies for combining partially filled cases of milk, illustrating the contributions of _____ intelligence to their job performance.
practical
Women typically outscore men on tests that involve:
production and comprehension of complex prose.
Westerners regard people as intelligent when they speak _____; Africans regard people as intelligent when they speak _____.
quickly and often; deliberately and quietly
The correlation between a person's score on a standard intelligence test and his or her academic performance is roughly _____ across a wide range of people and situations.
r=0.5
Modern researchers compute the _____ IQ for children and the _____ IQ for adults.
ratio; deviation
Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to reason and to use emotions to enhance:
reasoning.
Environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household are called the:
shared environment
Environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household are called the:
shared environment.
Janine is an avid reader and has a high comprehension of even difficult texts. Thurstone would predict that Janine:
speaks well
Intelligence tests measure:
the ability to answer questions and solve problems that are highly correlated with the consequences of intelligence.
Critics of a school's special education program observe that students with the lowest intelligence scores in the first grade still have the lowest intelligence scores in the twelfth grade, despite receiving substantial remedial and individualized educational experiences. The critics argue that the school should not spend money on this obviously ineffective program. What, if any, is the flaw in their argument?
the critics are using a relative measure; the absolute level of intelligence among these students could have improved.
A statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people's scores that can be explained by differences in their genetic makeup is called:
the heritability coefficient.
An intelligence test reliably predicts all these EXCEPT:
the person's later happiness.
A _____ approach to describing middle-level abilities starts with a broad survey of human abilities and then looks to see which of these abilities intelligence tests measure�or fail to measure.
theory-based
The theory that every task requires the combination of a general ability and skills that are specific to the task is known as the _____ theory of intelligence.
two-factor
Many people mistakenly believe that "genetic" is a synonym for:
unchangeable.
Because being raised in the same household is only a rough measure of the similarity of two people's experiences, twin studies on intelligence may _____ on intelligence.
underestimate the influence of experiences
