Psychology Chapter 15

Marco is 20 years old and has a phobic fear of spiders. At what age did he likely develop this disorder?

10

One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized speech and behavior. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized speech and behavior have

a breakdown in selective attention

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from

a panic attack

Rates of nonsuicidal self-injury in the United States are highest among

adolescent females

Severely restricted eating and an intense fear of weight gain is to _____ as binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting is to _____.

anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The mass-killing shooters have several things in common, including that they tend to

be young males

Depression is more likely to be a shared tendency between identical twins than between fraternal twins. This most clearly supports explanations of this mood disorder from a ________ perspective.

biological

The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of

diagnostic labels

Researchers have suggested that the role playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to

dissociative identity disorder

The DSM-5 does NOT

explain the causes of the various psychological disorders

Psychological disorders consist of emotions, behavior, and cognitive processes that are all of the following except

immoral

A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance

in a person's cognitions, emotion regulation, or behaviors

Among schizophrenia patients, the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain are abnormally

large, and the thalamus is abnormally small

After Brian loses his third job in a year, his wife tells him that she wants a divorce. Brian becomes deeply discouraged, demonstrates a loss of self-esteem, and has no energy to find a job or leave his house. He sleeps several hours a day and eats very little. Brian is suffering from

major depressive disorder

In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are

more intense and less prolongd

Gaining relief from intense negative thoughts through the distraction of pain is one of the motives for

nonsuicidal self-injury

Repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform are characteristic of

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Unlike those with bulimia nervosa, those with binge-eating disorders are not likely to ________ following binge eating.

purge or fast

Compulsive hand washing often increases in frequency because it relieves feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on compulsive behaviors.

reinforcement

Environmental influences can determine whether a gene is expressed. For some people, that will be decisive in whether they develop a psychological disorder. This best illustrates the need for

research on epigenetics

Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ____ in the onset of this disorder.

role playing

Although Adderall is a ________ drug, it is commonly used in the treatment of ________.

stimulant; ADHD

Daniel has a fear of heights that prevents him from going into tall buildings, flying, or driving over bridges. Daniel's phobia illustrates

stimulus generalization

Epigenetics is defined as the

study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change