Psychology Chapter 15
Marco is 20 years old and has a phobic fear of spiders. At what age did he likely develop this disorder?
10
One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized speech and behavior. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized speech and behavior have
a breakdown in selective attention
While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from
a panic attack
Rates of nonsuicidal self-injury in the United States are highest among
adolescent females
Severely restricted eating and an intense fear of weight gain is to _____ as binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting is to _____.
anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa
Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
The mass-killing shooters have several things in common, including that they tend to
be young males
Depression is more likely to be a shared tendency between identical twins than between fraternal twins. This most clearly supports explanations of this mood disorder from a ________ perspective.
biological
The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of
diagnostic labels
Researchers have suggested that the role playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to
dissociative identity disorder
The DSM-5 does NOT
explain the causes of the various psychological disorders
Psychological disorders consist of emotions, behavior, and cognitive processes that are all of the following except
immoral
A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance
in a person's cognitions, emotion regulation, or behaviors
Among schizophrenia patients, the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain are abnormally
large, and the thalamus is abnormally small
After Brian loses his third job in a year, his wife tells him that she wants a divorce. Brian becomes deeply discouraged, demonstrates a loss of self-esteem, and has no energy to find a job or leave his house. He sleeps several hours a day and eats very little. Brian is suffering from
major depressive disorder
In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are
more intense and less prolongd
Gaining relief from intense negative thoughts through the distraction of pain is one of the motives for
nonsuicidal self-injury
Repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform are characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Unlike those with bulimia nervosa, those with binge-eating disorders are not likely to ________ following binge eating.
purge or fast
Compulsive hand washing often increases in frequency because it relieves feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on compulsive behaviors.
reinforcement
Environmental influences can determine whether a gene is expressed. For some people, that will be decisive in whether they develop a psychological disorder. This best illustrates the need for
research on epigenetics
Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ____ in the onset of this disorder.
role playing
Although Adderall is a ________ drug, it is commonly used in the treatment of ________.
stimulant; ADHD
Daniel has a fear of heights that prevents him from going into tall buildings, flying, or driving over bridges. Daniel's phobia illustrates
stimulus generalization
Epigenetics is defined as the
study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
