Psychology Chapter 7 Study Sheet

Analytical intelligence

___________ includes problem-solving skills such as encoding information and generating a solution.

Practical intelligence

____________ enables people to deal with other people and to meet the demands of their environment.

means-end analysis

a heuristic device in which we try to solve a problem by evaluating the difference between the current situation and the goal

analogy

a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways.

holophrase

a single word used by children to express complex meaning

language

a system of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate the symbols

Overextension

in language development, over inclusion of instances in a category

Thinking

refers to conscious, planned attempts to make sense of and change the world.

mental age

shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning

Creativity

the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems

overregularization

the application of regular grammatical rules for forming inflections to irregular verbs and nouns

semanticity

the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas

mental set

the tendency to respond to a new problem with an approach that was successfully used with similar problems

neurological prewiring

Children bring ____________ to language learning in the nativist theory of language development.

prototype

Children's ______ become refined after they are shown positive and negative instances and given explanations.

art and music

Creative people appreciate ________________.

insight

In Gestalt psychology, __________ is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.

convergent

In _______ thinking, thought is limited to present facts to find the best solution.

divergent thinking

In the context of creativity and intelligence, _______ helps generate many possible solutions.

serial processing

In the context of problem solving, ___________ involves handling one element of the problem at a time.

nervous system

In the context of the nativist approach to language development, the LAD prepares the ___________ to learn grammar.

academic achievement

Studies support the view that children's early environment is linked to ________________-.

Wechsler Scale

The ________ groups test questions into a number of separate subsets where each subtest measures a different intellectual task

linguistic-relativity

The __________ hypothesis is the view that language structures the way we view the world.

overconfidence

We work to bring out the events we believe is causing _________.

Heuristics

_____ permits more rapid solutions than algorithms.

Algorithms

_______ invariably led to solutions if they are used properly.

babbling

Babies' _________ frequently combines consonants and vowels in prelinguistic vocalizations.

primary mental abilities

According to Louis Thurstone, _____________ are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence.

Psycholinguistic Theory

According to ___________, environmental influences affect language acquisition.