psychology chpt 11

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world?

James, who lives in England

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality

They can be scientifically tested because they involve observable actions.

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

According to Freud's psychosexual theory of personality, the ________ stage involves a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

genital

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional positive regard

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

karen Horney

Sally really loves being outdoors. She likes to hike, do yoga in the warm sun, and go for long camping trips. She and her wife move to Arizona from New York so that they can enjoy these activities in warmer weather for most of the year. This process of moving to an area that is most suited for one's personality tendencies is called selective ________.

migration

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney's coping strategy is Marcos using?

moving against people

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person.

phlegmatic

According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one's ______ self and their ________ self.

real; ideal

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

self-actualization

How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

10

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American lifestyles.

Contemporized-Themes

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

balance between extroversion and introversion

Johanna is almost always nasty to people. She talks about others behind their backs, looks for ways to undercut classmates, and intentionally does things to impede other's success. Virtually everyone she knows eventually grows to dislike her, often citing her nastiness as the reason why they don't want to be around her. According to Allport, this negativity seems to be a(n) ________ trait for Johanna.

cardinal