Psychology Final 2nd Half

state-dependent memory

Neal has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. He interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. This explanatory style creates a hopeless, depressed state, which then hampers the way he thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. Neal's depression is thus at least in part due to:

antisocial personality disorder

Symptoms of which disorder tend to occur at the earliest age?

thalamus

The ______________ is to sensory input as a major city airport is to a country's airplanes, through which all air traffic passes en route to the various destinations.

a light switch that only has two positions-on and off.

The all-or-none response of a neuron is similar to:

social control

The fundamental attribution error best illustrates that we may often underestimate the importance of:

the thalamus

Which area is NOT a part of the limbic system?

positive correlation

A correlation where as one variable increases, the other also increases, or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.

seasonal pattern of depression.

A study found that both men and women were more likely to say that they cried today during the month of December than they did in August. This provides evidence for a:

hoarding disorder.

All of the following are no longer diagnostic labels in DSM-5 EXCEPT:

stress appraisal

Although Estée's legs became paralyzed following a car accident, she is now able to minimize the stress she initially felt about her inability to walk by viewing it as a challenge rather than a threat. This illustrates the importance of:

severed spinal cord.

Although Naeem has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Naeem's situation is most indicative of a(n):

lymphocytes

Although stress does not create cancer cells, it may affect their growth by suppressing the activity of:

emotion-focused coping.

Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction is known as:

bone marrow

B lymphocytes are formed in the

bipolar disorder

Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It seems likely that Boris is suffering from:

an electroencephalogram (EEG)

Brain activity results in telltale electrical signals that can be detected by:

are naturally analytical.

Central route persuasion is most likely when people:

He may have fewer health problems in the coming months.

Derek's psychologist has asked him to write about a personal trauma he experienced as a child. How might this writing exercise influence his health?

biopsychosocial model.

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a:

Both systems secrete molecules that activate receptors elsewhere.

Dr. Paivio studies the ways in which the endocrine system and the nervous system are similar. Which of the following might he conclude?

deindividuation

During a riot or large sporting event, we can lose self-awareness and self-restraint. This is known as:

cognitive dissonance theory

During a test, Abe succumbed to temptation and copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this, until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

Elena feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in her career and even in her hobbies. She wonders if she would be better off dead. Elena is most likely suffering from:

major depressive disorder

For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It seems likely that Odessa is suffering from:

deindividuation

Frieda is typically very shy. However, while watching a rock concert in a huge crowd, she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of:

deep processing.

Hermann Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This best illustrates the advantage of:

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

If a researcher is interested in measuring both the structure and function of the brain, which of the following techniques would you recommend he use?

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

In Atkinson and Shiffrin's three-stage memory processing model we record information in which order?

experimenter

In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the learner or the demands of the:

the sympathetic nervous system

In response to various stressors, ________ increases your heart rate and respiration.

4

In the United States, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder plagues some 11 percent of children between the ages of __________ and 17.

start a program of regular aerobic exercise

Inga, a university sophomore, is experiencing stress and feels mildly depressed. She would be best advised to:

tension headaches

It would be most helpful to use biofeedback to help clients reduce

working memory

Jamaal has to make an important phone call. Unfortunately, his cell phone is not charged so he has to use his parents' old landline, which does not store phone numbers. To make the call, he has to get the number from his cell phone and remember it long enough to dial it on the landline. For this task, which part of memory is most important?

recognition of the information

Joe is happy to hear that the final will be all multiple-choice questions since he feels he has a better chance to pass the class by using:

cortisol and epinephrine

John has just finished a brutal military tour against opposing forces. He lost a number of his friends but was able to fight on despite the death around him. Two of the stress hormones at play in his system are:

the fundamental attribution error

Marilyn thinks her professor's strict class attendance policy is an indication of her overly controlling personality, not a necessity given that the class meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates:

glia

Most neurons have all of the following parts EXCEPT

implicit memory.

Our unconscious capacity for learning how to do something is known as:

the feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

People's tendency to be helpful when they are already in a good mood is known as:

are recently widowed

Research indicates that people who _______________ are more vulnerable to disease

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Sean has trouble paying attention in class. He rarely completes any assignments because he cannot sit still long enough to complete the work. Even during exams his mind wanders and he cannot seem to focus. Sean most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

70

Some individuals have an amazing ability to remember things. For example, Russian journalist Shereshevskii could remember a list of up to _______ digits or words

reward deficiency

Some researchers believe that addictive disorders, such as substance use disorders and binge eating, may stem from malfunctions in natural brain systems for pleasure and well-being. People genetically predisposed to this _____ syndrome may crave whatever provides that missing pleasure or relieves negative feelings.

optimism

Students who expect that they will be able to rebound from a low test score through their own effort and self-discipline most clearly demonstrate:

DSM-5.

The most common scheme for classifying psychological disorders is the:

dependent variable

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

encoding.

The processing of information into the memory system is called

both epinephrine and norepinephrine

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine raises blood pressure and blood sugar levels

storage

The retention of encoded information over time is called:

learned helplessness.

The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression with:

hormones

These chemical messengers are manufactured by the endocrine glands, and they can influence our interest in sex, food, and aggression.

positron emission tomography (PET)

To obtain a scan using this technique, a patient is injected with (or ingests) a low and harmless dose of a short-lived radioactive glucose.

serotonin

Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on an antidepressant called Paxil that will help increase her ____________ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter.

The neuron reestablishes the negative-inside/positive-outside condition.

What occurs during the refractory period?

phobias

Which of the following disorders does NOT generally begin around age 20?

Rebecca, who is from the United States

Which of the following individuals is most likely to seek social support when experiencing a life struggle?

Focus on the self.

Which of the following is NOT a suggestion for how to live a happier life?

Studies have found that those with psychological disorders are more likely to be victims of crime than perpetrators

Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE?

parasympathetic

Which part of your nervous system helps you to conserve energy as it calms you down after a stressful event?

neural networks.

While listening to recordings of operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the music in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different

exercise provides decreased body arousal.

You are preparing a lecture on the benefits of exercise and will highlight all of the following EXCEPT:

getting a foot in the door.

You are trying to convince your parents to finance your planned trip to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer trip. This technique is known as

Epigenetics

________ is the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a change in DNA.

Bipolar disorder

___________ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.

negative correlation

as one variable increases, the other decreases

If your self esteem increases, your depression decreases

bipolar disorder

Independent variable

characteristic of a psychology experiment that is manipulated or changed

If you attend class your gpa increases

positive correlation