Psychology Final Exam
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue.
13.4%
Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________.
1954
Involved in: Muscle action, memory Potential Effect on Behavior: Increased arousal, enhanced cognition
Acetylcholine
fear of heights
Acrophobia
Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Adderall
Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?
As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance increases
believed internal mental states must also have a role in learning and that observational learning involves much more imitation
Bandura
Ivan Pavlov John Watson B.F. Skinner observing and controlling behavior commonly used animals in experiments under the assumption what what was learned using animal models could, to some extent, be applied to human behavior
Behaviorism
Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor?
Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing or buying her wife a gift. She decides apologizing is more effective.
Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the _________.
Body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it.
Which of the following is a good example of a resource-based definition of stress?
Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increases when he noticed Jack had a knife.
Who developed client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?
Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes contain 23 pairs
Chromosomes
Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy
Client-centered
Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
Cognitive therapy
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?
Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.
Which of the following is a good example of a flashback?
Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.
sleep incorporates the perspective of evolutionary psychology sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks cognitive
Function of sleep
William James focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment
Functionalism
brain function, sleep decreased anxiety,tension
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Who developed biofeedback as a technique to treat combat stress?
Gary Schwartz
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?
Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.
Max Wertheimeir Kurt Koffka Wolfgang Kohler deals with the fact that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual respons to in perception
Gestalt psychology
memory, learning increased learning, enhanced memory
Glutamate
Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?
Hans Selye
Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
Humanism
Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?
Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.
Nawaz and his boyfriend break up. Nawaz makes an internal attribution for this outcome. Complete the sentence to show an internal attribution that Nawaz could make. My boyfriend broke up with me because ________.
I am unlovable
Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?
It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem
Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false?
It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
Jerome C. Wakefield
Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don't care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe—an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what represents the cognitive distortion?
Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe
Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.
Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?
Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis
What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?
Negative
Heart, intestines, alertness increased arousal, suppressed appetite
Norepinephrine
According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?
Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence.
Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?
Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.
one group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/9=or experiences during sleep play a role
Parasomnias
performed extensive research on dogs and is best known for his experiments in classical conditioning
Pavlov
What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system?
People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations
Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders?
People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder?
Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.
Sigmund Freud the role of a person's unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences, and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades.
Psychoanalytic theory
Ashaela is Black, and she is attending a college with a predominately White population. She is the only Black student in several of her classes; last week in her psychology class, another student muttered a racist slur as she passed Ashaela's desk. Ashaela is attempting to cope by talking to her parents about her heritage and joining the Black Student Union on campus. This exemplifies the ________ strategy for coping with racism.
Racial Identity
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?
Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.
Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?
Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.
mood, sleep modulated mood, suppressed appetite
Serotonin
believed that behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior
Skinner
Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?
Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective.
trust vs. mistrust
Stage 1 of Eriksons
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder?
Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie
Wihelm Wundt understand the structure or characteristics of the mind
Structuralism
Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?
The immune system is weakened
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings.
The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."
What should be changed to make the following statement true? In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight reaction describes the body's immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency.
The phrase "fight-or-flight" should be changed to the word "alarm"
What should be changed to make the following statement true? In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight reaction describes the body's immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency.
The phrase "fight-or-flight" should be changed to the word "alarm."
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.
The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure."
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Psychoneuroimmunology evolved from the discovery that there is a connection between the peripheral nervous system and the immune system.
The word "peripheral" should be changed to the word "central."
What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?
They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.
Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?
This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.
Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?
Thomas Szasz
Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.
Type B
Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ___________ personality.
Type B
Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.
founder of behaviorism influenced by Pavlov same principles can be extended to the conditioning of people's emotions
Watson
first psychologist
Wihelm Wundt
Which of the following statements about the male and female experience of stress is true?
Women report experiencing more stress than men.
encoding of sounds
acoustic encoding
period of initial learning in classical conditioning in which a human or an animal begins to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus will begin to elicit the conditioned response
acquisition
Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.
acute
In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.
adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration
flying
aerophobia
Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
all-or-nothing thinking
A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone _________
anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence
Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________. antidepressants
antidepressants
From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?
antisocial personality disorder
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.
anxiety
spiders
arachnophobia
A(n) ________ is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.
asthma
________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.
asylums
Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.
autoimmune
Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?
aversive conditioning
signals are transmitted electrically across the soma and down the major extensions from the soma
axons
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?
becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self
Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?
behavior
Which of the following is an example of a stressor?
being in a car accident
The concept of perceived control refers to ________.
beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives
Involved in: pain, pleasure Effect on behavior: Decreased anxiety, decreased tension
beta-endorphin
________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.
biofeedback
internal rhythms of biological activity Ex. menstrual cycle
biological rhythm
Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.
body dysmorphic
The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion.
can preform miracles
Etiology is another word for ________.
causes
logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an arguments worthiness
central route persuasion
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack."
change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia"
Which group is play therapy often used to treat?
children
Addiction is often viewed as a(an) disease
chronic
learning in which the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired or associated with the behavior
classical conditioning
enclosed spaces
claustrophobia
In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.
client says whatever comes to mind at the moment
What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?
client's present and future
What is comorbidity?
co-occurrence of two diseases
psychological discomfort that arises from a conflict of a person's behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to one's self-perception
cognitive dissonance
A psychological disorder is a ________.
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
response caused by the conditioned stimulus
conditioned response
stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus
specialized types of photoreceptors that work best in bright light condtions
cones
Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?
confidentiality
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
coping
transparent covering of the eye serves as a barrier between the inner eye and the outside world involved in focusing light waves that enter the eye
cornea
relationship between two or more variables; when two variables are correlated, one changes as the other does
correlation
Aversive conditioning is a ________.
counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
dogs
cynophobia
the storage of facts and events we personally experienced.
declarative memory
results are predicted based on general premise
deductive reasoning
branching extensions from soma serve as input sites where signals are received from other neurons
dendrites
Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?
dependent personality disorder
variable that researcher measures to see how much effect the independent variable had
dependent variable
Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.
depressing central nervous system activity
Which of the following do not contribute to tension headaches?
depression
The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
diathesis-stress
Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.
dissociative fugue
Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.
dissociative identity
People who reach _________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline
distress
mood, sleep, learning increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
dopamine
experiment in which both the researchers and the participants are blind to group assignments
double-blind
rational part of our personality mediator
ego
Oleksiy is an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts. He applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. He also reminds himself that some of his friends from grad school can't find work related to art in any way. Which type of coping approach is Oleksiy using?
emotion focused
information about events we have personally experienced
episodic memory
Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?
exhaustion
Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?
experiencing trauma in isolation
we conciously remember and recall
explicit memory
decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus
extinction
________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.
flow
Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.
forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart.
Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.
free association
located in the forward part of the brain, extendin back to a fissure involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion and language
frontal lobe
tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation
fundamental attribution error
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.
generalized anxiety disorder
Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?
group therapy
blood
heatophobia
What is the goal of humanistic therapy?
helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves
What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?
how a threat is perceived
tentative and testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables
hypothesis
contains our most primitive drives and urges and is present at birth directs impules for hunger thirst and sex
id
memories that are not a part of our conciousness
implicit memory
variable that is influenced or controlled by the experimenter; in a sound experimental study, this variable is the only important difference between the experimental and control group
independent variable
conclusions are drawn from observations
inductive reasoning
During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.
intake
colored portion of the eye
iris
Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
jumping to conclusions
Which of the following is an example of avolition?
lack of motivation to bathe yourself
Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?
lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds
Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.
learning how to surf
transparent structure that serves to provide additional focus attached to muscles that can change its shape to aid in focusing light that is reflected from near or far objects
lens
Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.
less stress than someone who has no effective options
continious storage of information
long-term memory
The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.
meditation
fatty substances in neuron coats the axon and acts as an insulator
myelin sheath
observation of behavior in its natural setting
naturalistic observation
taking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease or stop a behavior
negative punishment
taking away a undesirable stimulus to increase a behavior
negative reinforcement
Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?
obsessive-compulsive disorder
If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.
often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania
form of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated
operant conditioning
snakes
ophidiophobia
includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine. they decrease pain
opiods
color is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and green-red
opponent-process theory
Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
organizing the books
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
paranoid
located immediately behind the frontal lobe, involved in processing information from the body's senses
parietal lobe
Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.
physiological
a fake treatment that in some cases can produce a very real response
placebo
people's expectation or beliefs influencing or determining their experience in a given situation
placebo effect
Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
play therapy
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?
popular music that promotes suicide
Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.
positive outlook and positive expectations
adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behavior
positive punishment
adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior
positive reinforcement
In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.
possessed by demons
Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.
post-traumatic stress disorder
type of implicit memory stores information about how to do thing
procedural memory
Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.
process of closing large asylums
personality assesment in which a person responds to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires
projective test
A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________.
psycho-educational treatment
Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
psychodynamic psychotherapy
Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.
psychotic
small opening in the eye through which light passes and the size can change as a function of light levels as well as emotional arousal
pupil
Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________.
relapse
What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?
repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts
Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________.
retardation
specialized photo receptors that work well in low light conditions, and while they lack the spatial resolution and color function of the cones,they are involved in our vision in dimly lit environments as well as in our perception of movement on the periphery of our visual field
rods
_______ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.
rural areas
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?
schizophrenia
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
schizophrenia
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
seasonal pattern
encoding of words and their meaning
semantic encoding
knowledge about words concepts and languages
semantic memory
outer surface of neuron allows smaller molecules and molecules without an electrical charge to pass through it.
semipermeable membrane
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.
severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy
a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory sometimes called working memory
short-term memory
experiment in which the researcher knows which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group
single-blind
Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.
social support
nucleus of neuron
soma
autonomy vs shame/doubt
stage 2
initiative vs guilt
stage 3
industry vs. inferiority
stage 4
identity vs confusion
stage 5
intimacy vs isolation
stage 6
generativity vs stagnation
stage 7
integrity vs. despair
stage 8
The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache.
stimulants
ability to respond differently to similar stimuli
stimulus discrimination
demonstrating the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to conditioned stimulus
stimulus generalization
For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?
stimulus hierachy
What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?
strategic
A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) _________.
stressor
develops as a child interacts with others learning the social rules for right and wrong acts as our conscience
superego
On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?
systematic desensitization
being buried alive
taphophobia
located on the side of the head associated with hearing, memory, emotion and some aspects of language
temporal lobe
contain synaptic vesicles that house neurotransmitters
terminal buttons
Which of the following is not a reason that ADHD may be overdiagnosed?
the amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.
A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________.
the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder
A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipated that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequences; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________. threat, challenge.
threat, challenge
Which of the following is an example of eustress?
training for a marathon
all colors in the spectrum can be produced by combining red, green, and blue.
trichromatic color vision theory
injections
trypanophobia
natural (unlearned) behavior to a given stimulus
unconditioned response
stimulus that elicits a reflexive response
unconditioned stimuli
encoding of images
visual encoding
Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?
voluntary
Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.
strangers
xenophobia
