Psychology Final Exam

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According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue.

13.4%

Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________.

1954

Involved in: Muscle action, memory Potential Effect on Behavior: Increased arousal, enhanced cognition

Acetylcholine

fear of heights

Acrophobia

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Adderall

Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?

As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance increases

believed internal mental states must also have a role in learning and that observational learning involves much more imitation

Bandura

Ivan Pavlov John Watson B.F. Skinner observing and controlling behavior commonly used animals in experiments under the assumption what what was learned using animal models could, to some extent, be applied to human behavior

Behaviorism

Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor?

Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing or buying her wife a gift. She decides apologizing is more effective.

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the _________.

Body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it.

Which of the following is a good example of a resource-based definition of stress?

Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increases when he noticed Jack had a knife.

Who developed client-centered therapy?

Carl Rogers

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes contain 23 pairs

Chromosomes

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy

Client-centered

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

Cognitive therapy

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?

Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.

Which of the following is a good example of a flashback?

Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.

sleep incorporates the perspective of evolutionary psychology sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks cognitive

Function of sleep

William James focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment

Functionalism

brain function, sleep decreased anxiety,tension

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Who developed biofeedback as a technique to treat combat stress?

Gary Schwartz

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

Max Wertheimeir Kurt Koffka Wolfgang Kohler deals with the fact that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual respons to in perception

Gestalt psychology

memory, learning increased learning, enhanced memory

Glutamate

Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?

Hans Selye

Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

Humanism

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Nawaz and his boyfriend break up. Nawaz makes an internal attribution for this outcome. Complete the sentence to show an internal attribution that Nawaz could make. My boyfriend broke up with me because ________.

I am unlovable

Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem

Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false?

It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.

Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?

Jerome C. Wakefield

Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don't care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe—an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what represents the cognitive distortion?

Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

Negative

Heart, intestines, alertness increased arousal, suppressed appetite

Norepinephrine

According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?

Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

one group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/9=or experiences during sleep play a role

Parasomnias

performed extensive research on dogs and is best known for his experiments in classical conditioning

Pavlov

What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system?

People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations

Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder?

Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.

Sigmund Freud the role of a person's unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences, and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades.

Psychoanalytic theory

Ashaela is Black, and she is attending a college with a predominately White population. She is the only Black student in several of her classes; last week in her psychology class, another student muttered a racist slur as she passed Ashaela's desk. Ashaela is attempting to cope by talking to her parents about her heritage and joining the Black Student Union on campus. This exemplifies the ________ strategy for coping with racism.

Racial Identity

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?

Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

mood, sleep modulated mood, suppressed appetite

Serotonin

believed that behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior

Skinner

Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?

Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective.

trust vs. mistrust

Stage 1 of Eriksons

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder?

Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie

Wihelm Wundt understand the structure or characteristics of the mind

Structuralism

Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?

The immune system is weakened

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings.

The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."

What should be changed to make the following statement true? In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight reaction describes the body's immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency.

The phrase "fight-or-flight" should be changed to the word "alarm"

What should be changed to make the following statement true? In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight reaction describes the body's immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency.

The phrase "fight-or-flight" should be changed to the word "alarm."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.

The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Psychoneuroimmunology evolved from the discovery that there is a connection between the peripheral nervous system and the immune system.

The word "peripheral" should be changed to the word "central."

What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?

They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?

This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?

Thomas Szasz

Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.

Type B

Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ___________ personality.

Type B

Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.

founder of behaviorism influenced by Pavlov same principles can be extended to the conditioning of people's emotions

Watson

first psychologist

Wihelm Wundt

Which of the following statements about the male and female experience of stress is true?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

encoding of sounds

acoustic encoding

period of initial learning in classical conditioning in which a human or an animal begins to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus will begin to elicit the conditioned response

acquisition

Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

acute

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

flying

aerophobia

Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

all-or-nothing thinking

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone _________

anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________. antidepressants

antidepressants

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?

antisocial personality disorder

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.

anxiety

spiders

arachnophobia

A(n) ________ is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.

asthma

________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.

asylums

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.

autoimmune

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

signals are transmitted electrically across the soma and down the major extensions from the soma

axons

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

behavior

Which of the following is an example of a stressor?

being in a car accident

The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

Involved in: pain, pleasure Effect on behavior: Decreased anxiety, decreased tension

beta-endorphin

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

biofeedback

internal rhythms of biological activity Ex. menstrual cycle

biological rhythm

Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.

body dysmorphic

The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion.

can preform miracles

Etiology is another word for ________.

causes

logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an arguments worthiness

central route persuasion

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack."

change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia"

Which group is play therapy often used to treat?

children

Addiction is often viewed as a(an) disease

chronic

learning in which the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired or associated with the behavior

classical conditioning

enclosed spaces

claustrophobia

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.

client says whatever comes to mind at the moment

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?

client's present and future

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two diseases

psychological discomfort that arises from a conflict of a person's behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to one's self-perception

cognitive dissonance

A psychological disorder is a ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

response caused by the conditioned stimulus

conditioned response

stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus

specialized types of photoreceptors that work best in bright light condtions

cones

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

confidentiality

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

transparent covering of the eye serves as a barrier between the inner eye and the outside world involved in focusing light waves that enter the eye

cornea

relationship between two or more variables; when two variables are correlated, one changes as the other does

correlation

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

dogs

cynophobia

the storage of facts and events we personally experienced.

declarative memory

results are predicted based on general premise

deductive reasoning

branching extensions from soma serve as input sites where signals are received from other neurons

dendrites

Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?

dependent personality disorder

variable that researcher measures to see how much effect the independent variable had

dependent variable

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

depressing central nervous system activity

Which of the following do not contribute to tension headaches?

depression

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

diathesis-stress

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.

dissociative fugue

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.

dissociative identity

People who reach _________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline

distress

mood, sleep, learning increased pleasure, suppressed appetite

dopamine

experiment in which both the researchers and the participants are blind to group assignments

double-blind

rational part of our personality mediator

ego

Oleksiy is an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts. He applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. He also reminds himself that some of his friends from grad school can't find work related to art in any way. Which type of coping approach is Oleksiy using?

emotion focused

information about events we have personally experienced

episodic memory

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

exhaustion

Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?

experiencing trauma in isolation

we conciously remember and recall

explicit memory

decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus

extinction

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

flow

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart.

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

free association

located in the forward part of the brain, extendin back to a fissure involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion and language

frontal lobe

tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation

fundamental attribution error

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

generalized anxiety disorder

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?

group therapy

blood

heatophobia

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?

how a threat is perceived

tentative and testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables

hypothesis

contains our most primitive drives and urges and is present at birth directs impules for hunger thirst and sex

id

memories that are not a part of our conciousness

implicit memory

variable that is influenced or controlled by the experimenter; in a sound experimental study, this variable is the only important difference between the experimental and control group

independent variable

conclusions are drawn from observations

inductive reasoning

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

colored portion of the eye

iris

Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

jumping to conclusions

Which of the following is an example of avolition?

lack of motivation to bathe yourself

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.

learning how to surf

transparent structure that serves to provide additional focus attached to muscles that can change its shape to aid in focusing light that is reflected from near or far objects

lens

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

continious storage of information

long-term memory

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

meditation

fatty substances in neuron coats the axon and acts as an insulator

myelin sheath

observation of behavior in its natural setting

naturalistic observation

taking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease or stop a behavior

negative punishment

taking away a undesirable stimulus to increase a behavior

negative reinforcement

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

form of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated

operant conditioning

snakes

ophidiophobia

includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine. they decrease pain

opiods

color is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and green-red

opponent-process theory

Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.

organizing the books

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.

paranoid

located immediately behind the frontal lobe, involved in processing information from the body's senses

parietal lobe

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

a fake treatment that in some cases can produce a very real response

placebo

people's expectation or beliefs influencing or determining their experience in a given situation

placebo effect

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

play therapy

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

popular music that promotes suicide

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

positive outlook and positive expectations

adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behavior

positive punishment

adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior

positive reinforcement

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.

possessed by demons

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

post-traumatic stress disorder

type of implicit memory stores information about how to do thing

procedural memory

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.

process of closing large asylums

personality assesment in which a person responds to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires

projective test

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________.

psycho-educational treatment

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

psychodynamic psychotherapy

Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.

psychotic

small opening in the eye through which light passes and the size can change as a function of light levels as well as emotional arousal

pupil

Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________.

relapse

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________.

retardation

specialized photo receptors that work well in low light conditions, and while they lack the spatial resolution and color function of the cones,they are involved in our vision in dimly lit environments as well as in our perception of movement on the periphery of our visual field

rods

_______ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.

rural areas

Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?

schizophrenia

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

schizophrenia

________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.

seasonal pattern

encoding of words and their meaning

semantic encoding

knowledge about words concepts and languages

semantic memory

outer surface of neuron allows smaller molecules and molecules without an electrical charge to pass through it.

semipermeable membrane

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory sometimes called working memory

short-term memory

experiment in which the researcher knows which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group

single-blind

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.

social support

nucleus of neuron

soma

autonomy vs shame/doubt

stage 2

initiative vs guilt

stage 3

industry vs. inferiority

stage 4

identity vs confusion

stage 5

intimacy vs isolation

stage 6

generativity vs stagnation

stage 7

integrity vs. despair

stage 8

The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache.

stimulants

ability to respond differently to similar stimuli

stimulus discrimination

demonstrating the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to conditioned stimulus

stimulus generalization

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?

stimulus hierachy

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?

strategic

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) _________.

stressor

develops as a child interacts with others learning the social rules for right and wrong acts as our conscience

superego

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

systematic desensitization

being buried alive

taphophobia

located on the side of the head associated with hearing, memory, emotion and some aspects of language

temporal lobe

contain synaptic vesicles that house neurotransmitters

terminal buttons

Which of the following is not a reason that ADHD may be overdiagnosed?

the amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.

A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________.

the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder

A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipated that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequences; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________. threat, challenge.

threat, challenge

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

training for a marathon

all colors in the spectrum can be produced by combining red, green, and blue.

trichromatic color vision theory

injections

trypanophobia

natural (unlearned) behavior to a given stimulus

unconditioned response

stimulus that elicits a reflexive response

unconditioned stimuli

encoding of images

visual encoding

Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?

voluntary

Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.

wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

strangers

xenophobia


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