Psychology Test 2
34. In the Freudian view of personality, which part of the personality is totally unconscious and dominated by biological instincts?
Id
55. Regarding meditation, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Meditation is difficult to learn and may require a training course.
62. Pressure occurs when...
a deadline is approaching
45. Any impact of the mind on health was dismissed as a mere placebo effect by the...
medical model
53. Regarding the experiments using intracranial self-stimulation, which of the following statements is FALSE?
After the rats had pressed the intracranial self-stimulation lever to exhaustion, they were less likely to press the lever again once they were revived.
38. Regarding stress management, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Expressing one's feelings to others or in writing tends to increase one's stress
11. When emotional "shocks" are predictable and controllable, stress is magnified and damage is likely to result.
False
14. According to Rogers, being authentic means being true to one's wants and needs even if your appear irresponsible or have to ignore the feelings of others.
False
15. Pessimists meet problems head-on, actively cope with adversity, take better care of themselves, and are less stressed and anxious.
False
17. Mindfulness involves being "spaced out" or having occasional moments of reduced awareness in order to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
False
21. Addictive drugs stimulate a brain region called the reticular formation causing it to release the neurotransmitter, serotonin.
False
36. According to Freud, the ego is the part of the personality that is made up of innate biological instricts and urges, and is self-serving, impulsive, and irrational.
False
41. The first step in a behavioral self-management plan is to establish goals.
False
42. Very few cultures or religions recognize and accept alterations of consciousness.
False
58. Students who write about their upsetting experiences, thoughts, and feelings tend to obsess about their worries and are less able to cope with stress.
False
71. Binge drinking is defined as downing three drinks in a short period of time for men and two drinks for women.
False
74. Higher rates of self-reinforcement are associated with more depression and a lessening of life satisfaction.
False
78. Coping with traumatic events is a necessity if one is to recover. In these types of situations, psychologists recommend a number of coping strategies, including which of the following?
Get support from others and talk about the feelings you are experiencing.
97. During a conditioned emotional response, which area of the brain becomes more active and produces feelings of fear?
Mygdala
8. Regarding NREM sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE?
NREM is deepest late in the night during the last stage 4 periods.
48. Which of the following tends to increase after physical exertion and may help us recover from bodily fatigue?
NREM sleep
70. Extreme agitation, disorientation, and violence have been known to occur when people take a drug that is classified as a hallucinogen and an anesthetic but also has stimulant and depressant effects. This hallucinogen is...
PCP
87. The 16 Personality (16 PF) test was developed by...
Raymond Cattell
60. Regarding the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), which of the following statements is FALSE?
The MMPI-2 is a projective test used to assess personality subjectively.
40. Regarding the approach-avoidance conflict, which of the following statements is FALSE?
The approach-avoidance conflict often results in the person freezing and then using displacement to deal with this difficult situation.
1. Regarding frustration, excessive heat the day of your outdoor college graduation would be classfied as an external, nonsocial obstacle to your goal of having a perfect graduation.
True
22. Conditioning studies have repeatedly shown that animals are sensitive to the passage of time.
True
26. MDMA diminishes sexual performance, impairing erections, and delaying orgasms in both men and women.
True
32. The safest sleep position for most infants in order to prevent SIDS is on their backs.
True
39. Mild sensory deprivation has shown promise as a way to stimulate creative thinking and to enhance sports and music performance skills.
True
63. During modeling, once a new response is tried, normal reinforcement or feedback determines whether it will be repeated thereafter.
True
68. Ambivalence is a central characteristic of approach-avoidance conflicts and is usually translated into a partial approach.
True
83. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by personality theorist Harry Murray.
True
85. The trait approach is currently the dominant methods for studying personality.
True
9. With most classical conditioning, the optimal delay between CS and US is half from a second to about five seconds.
True
91. The drug PCP is an anesthetic that can have halluciogenic effects as well as simulant and depressant effects.
True
94. Once personality traits are identified, they can be used to predict future behavior.
True
95. Stress causes the body to release substances that incresease inflammation, which can prolong infections and delay healing.
True
99. Many personality psychologits now place equal weight on traits and situations as ways to explain behavior.
True
100. Which of the following would NOT be a helpful suggestion in dealing with needless frustration?
Utilize ego defense mechanisms and psychological escape whenever possible in dealing with frustrations.
65. Which of the following examples most clearly represents frustration from a personal source?
You would like to make an "A" on your term paper, but you turned it in late, and ponints will be deducted.
25. A gambler playing a slot machine is being reinforced on which schedules of reinforcement?
variable ratio
81. The theory that relates dream content to motor commands in the brain, which are made but not carried out during sleep, is called the...
activation-synthesis hypothesis
51. In order to increase interest and motivation, a computer math game has been designed that allows students to compete in a speedboat race rather than just completeing a series of subtraction problems. The faster correct answers are selected, the faster the student's boat speeds toward the finish line. This math game would be an example of...
all of these (computer-assisted instruction, a type of serious game, programmed instruction)
28. According to Jung, the archetype that represents the male principle is called the...
animus
18. A behavioral problem that is characterized by an inability to focus, restless movement, impulsive behavior, and impaired learning capacity and that is often treated with an amphetamine, such as Adderall, is...
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
56. A teen who is punished at home a lot will be gone as much as possible. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
2. Operant conditioning focuses on how...
behavior is influenced by its consequences.
64. Choosing a target behavior, recording a baseline, establiching goals, choosing reinforcers, recording progress, rewarding progress, and adjusting one's plans are the steps making up a procedure known as...
behavioral self-management
76. Juan's EEG pattern as he reads his textbook indicates that he's alert and awake. This means that his brain is generating _________ waves.
beta
5. Frequent punishment makes a person or animal all of the following EXCEPT...
better behaved.
16. Maya has a sensitive thermometer with a signal light attached to her hand. The thermometer is wired so that an increase in temperature will activate this signal light. Then Marilyn is told to keep the light on as much as possible. In so doing, Maya is able to exert voluntary control over the involuntary regulation of her temperature using which of the following techniques?
biofeedback
92. Burnout whould be LEAST likely to occur in which of the following occupational fields?
business owner
86. Punishment is often a bad idea in modifying behavior because it...
can increase aggression
61. Cigarettes release both nicotine and...
carcinogens
37. Learning that involves the pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli is called...
classical conditioning
6. Many involuntary, autonomic system responses (fight-or-flight reflexes) are linked with new stimuli and situations by...
classical conditioning
67. If you are making use of information-rich higher mental processes, such as organizing various research articles in writing your term paper, you are engaged in a complex form of...
cognitive learning
93. If the sound of a clap occurs just before a puff of air is delivered to the eye, the person will, after several repetitions, learn to blink to the sound of the clap. Blinking to the sound of the clap would be considered a...
conditioned response
43. On his job, Javier is faced with stressors that he cannot control. His best strategy for dealing with these stressors is to use...
emotion-focused coping
88. Sheng wants to cut down on smoking. So, he removes ashtrays, matches, and extra cigarettes from his house and office, keeping them only in the car. Of the strategies listed in your textbook for breaking a bad habit, Sheng is using the one involving...
cues and antecedents
30. Many phobias can be traced back to a tie when the person was frightened, injured, or upset by a particular stimulus, especially in childhood, and would, thus be based on...
emotional conditioning
59. In operant conditioning, stimuli that precede reinforced and nonreinforced responses are known as...
discriminative stimuli
98. If you learn to make a response that will end an unpleasant or aversive situation, then you are exhibiting...
escape learning
57. Fantasy, identification, isolation, and intellectualization are...
examples of defense mechanisms
66. Serena has just found out that her four-year-old Michael has been using scissors to giev the cat, dog, and his little sister haircuts. Serena tells Michael, "Wait until your father gets home and you'll be sorry." This delayed discipline...
has been shown to be ineffective in reducing a child's misbehavior as well as making the father a "feared brute"
24. Sleep paralysis that occurs just as we begin to wake up may produce bizarre episodes in which people may feeling something pressing on their chests or think there are space aliens, angels, or demons in the room with them. This describes what is referred to as...
hypnopompic hallucinations
35. Nonstate theorists believe that hypnosis involved a blend of...
imagination, obedience, and role-playing
73. The medical uses of psychoactive drugs are almost always considered to be...
instrumental
79. Barry held a ring attached to a string at eye level and concentrated on the ring. He is surprised the ring begins to move and that he appears to making it move using only mental force. Barry has shown all of the following EXCEPT
introspective awareness
7. If you are overweight or need to quit smoking, you should do all of the following EXCEPT...
isolate yourself from your friends until you completely change your unhealthy behavior.
33. Writing about one's feelings tends to...
leave the mind clearer so one can comes up with effective coping
46. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was designed to measure...
life changes and susceptibility to illness of accident
49. Mediation techniques that involve widening one's attention to become aware of everything experiences at any given moment are referred to as _____________ meditation.
mindfulness
12. Which of the following is NOT a primary reinforcer?
money
31. Typical TV viewers are exposed to massive doses of media violence, which tend to promote the development of aggression due to...
observational learning
84. Moderation in drinking alcohol means consuming only...
one or two alcoholic drinks per day and remaing alcohol-free two or three days per week.
29. In the five-factor model of personality, the dimension that measure whether a person has curiosity and imagination or whether they are conventional and down-to-earth is the _______________ dimension.
openness to experience
75. If a person is gullible, passive, and needs lots of attention, he or she may have experienced fixation and have an __________ personality.
oral-dependent
47. Which Freudian level of consciousness contains information which you are not currently aware of, but which you can voluntarily bring to awareness?
preconscious
72. Whether we drive our car across an intersection depends on if the traffic light is red or green. This illustrates the principle of...
stimulus control
69. Which of the following has NOT been shown to be an effect of mild sensory deprivation?
reducing psychotic symptoms
50. A parent is trying to increase the time his child spends studying by giving the child a baseball card for each hour he studies. The child does not increase or decrease his study time. The story illustrates the difference between...
rewards and reinforcers
44. When allowed to sleep normally, research subjects deprived of REM sleep...
showed a REM rebound effect, dreaming extra amounts
20. If you know the personality of an identical twin, you can expect the personality of the other twin to be...
similar
90. Levels of sleep indentified by brain-wave patterns and behavioral changes are referred to as...
sleep stages
10. Raymond Cattell called the core of a person's personality, that is, the person's underlying personality characteristics, ____________ traits, or factors.
source
3. During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the body better able to cope with the original stressor with its resistance to other stresses being lowered, such as when animals placed in extreme cold are more resistant to the cold, but more susceptible to infection?
stage of resistance
96. Many stores carry imitations of nationally known prodcuts in the hopes that the positive attitudes already conditioned to the real products will also occur with these cheaper knockoffs. If these positive attitudes also occur with the cheaper knockoffs, then which of the following has occurred?
stimulus generalization
77. To adequately understand an individual's behavior according to humanistic personality theorists, we must know a person's...
subjective view of the world
23. Psychoactive drugs are...
substances capable of altering attention, perception, and mood.
4. If a response is extinguished and comes back, the second operant extinction process usually...
takes a shorter time.
13. In humanistic theories, the developmental emphasis involves
the development of the self-image
19. Wearing a tie less or not at all because you were teased and laughed at when you wore it illustrates...
the effect of punishment
27. The tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to an entire personality is known as...
the halo effect
80. Projective tests, such as the TAT and Rorschach, have...
value especially used in a battery of tests
52. A child who gets rewarded with candy on the average of every third time she asks her grandmother for a "treat" is being rewarded on which schedule of reinforcement?
variable ratio
82. Which of the following concepts explains how people who counsel traumatized victims of sexual abuse sometimes become traumatized themselves?
vicarious, or secondhand conditioning
89. Regarding the experiments on learning helplessness, animals that first learn to escape the shock...
were more persistent later in trying to escape the shocks and were more resistant to learned helplessness.
54. According to Freud, an expression of one's unconscious desires is called...
wish fulfillment
