Public Speaking Chapter 12

repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words.

Alliteration

the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.

Antithesis

a trite or overused expression

Cliché

takes more words than necessary to express an idea.

Clutter

words that refer to tangible objects

Concrete Words

the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase.

Connotative Meaning

the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.

Denotative Meaning

the use of "he" to refer to both women and men.

Generic "he"

Language help create our sense of reality, because it gives meaning to events. Words used to label a event makes a difference on how we respond to it.

How does language help create our sense of reality?

the use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas.

Imagery

Language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people, on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors.

Inclusive Language

words that refer to ideas or concepts.

Abstract Words

as implicit comparison, not introduced with the word "like" or "as", between two things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

Metaphor

the similar arrangement of a pair of related words, phrases, or sentences.

Parallelism

reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences

Repetition

the pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words.

Rhythm

an explicit comparison, introduced with the word "like" or "as", between things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

Simile

a book of synonyms

Thesaurus

1.) Accurately 2.) Clearly 3.) Vividly 4.) Appropriately

What are four criteria for using language effectively in your speeches?

1.) Use familiar words 2.) Choose concrete words 3.) Eliminate clutter

What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?

imagery and rhythm.

What are two ways to bring your speeches to life with vivid, animated language?

language should be appropriate to occasion, audience, and topic, and to speaker.

What does it mean to say you should use language appropriately in your speeches?

Denotative is dictionary and connotative is triggered. Using denotative style is trying to stay informative and using a connotative style is trying to persuade.

What is the difference between denotative and connotative meaning? How might you use each to convey your message most effectively?

audiences expect public speakers to be mindful of different groups that make up our American society. The four usages of inclusive language are: 1.) Avoid the generic "He" 2.) Avoid the use of "Man" when describing Men and woman 3.) Avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender 4.) Use names that groups use to identify themselves

Why is it important for a public speaker to use inclusive language? What four usages of inclusive language have become so widely accepted that no speaker can afford to ignore them?