Public Speaking: Chapter 7 Gathering Materials

What are the five steps to do before an interview?

1. Define the Purpose of the Interview 2. Decide Whom to Interview 3. Arrange the Interview 4. Decide Whether to Record the Interview 5. Prepare your Questions: Leading Questions, Loaded Questions

Academic Databases

Database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals Ex. Jstor

Recency

Determine recency of an Internet document is to look for a copyright date, publication date, or date of last revision Once you know the date of the document determine if it is current enough to use in your speech With Statistics you should never cite an undated source

Research Interview

Interview conducted to gather information for a speech

Start Early with Research

Longer you wait the more problems you encounter Research takes longer than you expect Starting early gives you plenty of time to think about what you will find. Collect more material than you will actually use

Biographical Aids

Need info about people in the news, contain brief life and career facts about famous men/women

Call Number

Numbers used in libraries to classify books and periodicals. To indicate where they could be found

Record Notes in a consistent format

Use the same format for all your research notes Record note, the source of the note, and heading indicating the subject of the note

Using your knowledge and experience

choose a topic from from your own experience personal touch can bring speeches to life

Librarians

expert in their own field, trained in library use and research methods Help find your way, locate sources, and track down info

Reference Works

large amount of related information for easy access by researchers. Ex yearbooks, biographical aids

Preliminary Bibliography

list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic

Encyclopedias

special encyclopedias cover fields more in depth Ex. Religion, Science and Technology Encyclopedias

What to do during the interview?

1. Dress Appropriately and Be on Time 2.Repeat the Purpose of the Interview 3. Set Up the Recorder, if You Are Using One 4. Keep the Interview on Track 5. Listen Carefully 6. Don't Overstay Your Welcome

Three Major Databases

1. ProQuest Search 2. LexisNexis Academic 3. World News Connection

What to do after the interview?

1. Review Your Notes ASAP 2. Transcribe Your Notes

Search Engines

Develop a search strategy Adjust search terms depending on what kind of material you're looking for pinpointed searches, finding what you need.

The Species Case of Wikipedia

Good place to start learning about a topic, but not a good place to end Don't rely it as their sole source

Authorship

Is the author of the web document you are assessing clearly identified? If so, what are his or her qualifications? Is the expert an expert on the topic? Can his/her and opinions be accepted as objective and unbiased? You should not cite a book or magazine article without identifying the author's credentials

What are the two major formats for citing documents in a Bibliography ?

Modern Language Association (MLA) American Psychological Association (APA)

Take plenty of notes

Outside chance that you may need a piece of information, make note of it. It will take a little extra time in the short run, but it worth it

Government Resources

Provides government documents AND publications Find info from federal government, state, or local agency Ex. USA.gov

Yearbooks

Published annually Contains current information Ex. Books of Facts

Newspaper and Periodical Database

Research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers

Doing Library Research

Resources you will need librarians, the catalogue, reference works, and databases

Virtual Libraries

Search engines that combines internet technology with traditional library methods assessing data Ex. ipl.org

Subject heading

Tells you what each note is about, simplifying the task of organizing when you start to compose the speech

Distinguish Among Direct Quotations, Paraphrases, and Your Own Ideas

Use quotation marks when you copy the exact words of a source If you paraphrase don't forget to include the source when you record the note

Sponsorship

Web documents are published by businesses, government agencies, public- interest groups, rather than by individual authors You must see if the sponsoring organization is impartial enough to cite in your speech Your can see if an organization is credible if you google search it should surface in the first page. Then Check on their website what are the site's purpose, founders, and philosophy

Quotation Books

contains more than 25,000 quotations from historical and contemporary figures Ex. Bartlett's Familiar Quotations

The Catalogue

list of all books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library Tells you whether a book is available or checked out

Supporting Organization

organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the internet

Make a Separate Entry for Each Note

separate note for each quotation or piece of information you record Allows you to keep better track of your speech

Abstract

summary of magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author Never cite an article in your speech on the basis of abstract alone