Quiz 10

All of the following are true about the Na people, who live in the foothills of the Himalayas, EXCEPT

fathers are absent from their children's lives.

The term cisgender refers to

A person whose assigned sex at birth matches their gender identity, such as a person assigned female at birth who identifies as a woman.

Some of the ways that women navigate public spaces associated with males, such as in India, is to practice purdah, that is, to

Adopt clothing, behavior, or special routes to create separation or segregation.

How did 19th and mid-20th century belief systems in the US classify gender and sexuality? 1.) Heterosexuality was thought to be "normal" and "natural." 2.) Homosexuality was thought of as inappropriate gender role behavior, such as "effeminate" men or "butch" women. 3.) Masculine men and feminine women were assumed to be the "natural" gender expressions for each gender. 4.) All of the answer choices are correct.

All of the answer choices are correct.

Parenthood and other kinship roles and relationships are rooted in 1.) Social roles. 2.) Legal relationships. 3.) Cultural expectations. 4.) All of the answer choices are correct.

All of the answer choices are correct.

One consequence of early anti-miscegenation laws during the period of slavery in the US was that

Children of slave women and a Euro-American father inherited their mother's racial and slave status, adding to the slave "property" of the father.

The social-cultural process that creates kinship-based relationships of rights and obligations between members of a family is referred to as

Descent.

What do the authors say have been the results for women's positions with the development of "civilization" compared with traditional (or "primitive") societies?

Development has brought "mixed blessings" for women.

Which is the most common form of family structure cross-culturally?

Extended family.

The set of ideas about the categories of gender, and the beliefs, behaviors, and meanings associated with each gender, is referred to as a

Gender idealogy.

All of the following are true about gender cross culturally EXCEPT

Gender is always binary or dualistic, consisting of males and females.

A set of culturally invented expectations leading to a role that a person assumes, learns, and performs, describes

Gender roles.

The often unnoticed system of rights and privileges that accompany normative sexual choices and family formation is called

Heteronormativity.

Complex belief systems often developed by those in power to rationalize, explain, and perpetuate systems of inequality are referred to as

Legitimizing idealogies.

Gender ideologies in the 19th and mid-20th centuries were based on a form of biological determinism, in which

Males and females were supposedly born fundamentally different reproductively and were "naturally" sexually attracted to each other, although women's sexual drive was not well-developed.

A social contract between (most often) two individuals and potentially their families that specifies rights and obligations of their union and their offspring is how anthropologists understand

Marriage.

A male-dominated political and authority structure and an ideology that privileges males over females overall is called

Patriarchal.

Anthropologists researching gender in the 1980s came to the conclusion that evaluating male dominance in any culture

Should be examined through the lens of different components of status and socio-economic and identity variables.

Which types of societies throughout time have had the strictest controls over marriage, in order to reproduce the existing social structure?

Stratified non-egalitarian societies.

In the US, the idea of a "legitimate" or "illegitimate" child refers to whether

The child was a result of a legally recognized relationship that entitled offspring to certain rights, including inheritance.

The title of the ethnography, Chopsticks Work Only in Pairs (1999), reflects the Lahu society's emphasis on

The importance of the male-female dyad or partnership in domestic life, work, and leadership.

In the 1930s, anthropologist Ruth Landes argued that Afro-Brazilian Candomble religious communities were matriarchal because

Their leadership was made up of and controlled by women.

A two spirit person of the Zuni Pueblo represents a

Third gender role that is "not man" and "not woman."

In the field of anthropology, what statement best describes the relative positions of male and female professors?

While women hold positions of power and authority in the field, discrepancies remain among rank, salary, and publication rates.

All of the following were used as evidence for what the authors call the "creation story" of universal male dominance in our human ancestors, EXCEPT

Women were able to join men on the hunt when necessary.