Quiz 2

The procedure in which a pointed instrument was inserted into the frontal lobe of the brain to destroy brain tissue was known as:

- A lobotomy

Among the factor(s) that affect the external validity of a study is/are:

-The size of the sample used - the composition of the sample used - The number of confounding variables not controlled for

Correlational studies and experiments are preferred over case studies the following reasons:

-They use statistical tests to analyze results - They are more easily replicable -They typically observe many individuals

Bri'Ann met with a researcher several times. She was interviewed, she took tests, and she was physically evaluated. In addition, the researcher studied her school and employment records and interviewed key people in her life. This type of study is called a(n):

- Case Study

Clinical practitioners seek a(n) _____ understanding of abnormal behavior.

- Idiographic

Freud's study of Little Hans is an example of:

- Psychoanalysis' reliance on case study

Which of the is/ are example(s) of baseline data in a single subject design?

- the level of behavior before treatment begins

Which statistic represents the greatest magnitude of correlation?

--.95

To compare a subject with himself or herself under different conditions rather than compare that subject to control subjects, one might choose a(n) _____ design.

-ABAB

Sigmund Freud utilized the _____ to study the very unique situation involving Little Hans, a young boy who developed a fear of horses.

-Case Study

Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are called:

-Epidemiological Studies

Which of the following is/are true statement(s) regarding the obstacles that clinical scientists face in studying psychological disorders?

-Ethical considerations limit the kinds of studies that can be done - Varying cultural backgrounds must be taken into consideration when designing a research experiment -The causes of human functioning are complex

The clinical practitioner would be MORE likely than the clinical researcher to rely on which method of investigation?

-In home observation of a particular subject - Case study with a single participant.

Alyssa was isolated from human contact and language by her (badly disturbed) parents for most of the first 13 years of her life. The effects of her early language deprivation could easily be seen and studied. This is an example of a(n) _____ experiment.

-Natural

Clinical researchers look for _____ truths about the causes and treatments of abnormality.

-Nomothetic

When a researcher unintentionally transmits his or her expectations about the outcome of the research to a research subject, it is termed:

-The Rosenthal effect

In a study designed to test a new antidepressant, a large group of outpatient psychiatric patients was randomly assigned to one of two groups. One of the groups was given the drug as a pill. The other group was given identical-looking inert pills. All participants were tested in the morning. The level of depression of each subject was measured by three psychologists independently, using the Beck Depression Inventory. Which of the following is/are true of this study?

-The score on the Beck Depression Inventory is the dependent variable -The drug is the independent variable - The external validity of this study will be affected by the size of the sample.

Which statement describes the BIGGEST limitation of correlational research?

-it does not allow conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships.

Which of the following is/ are true of the correlation coefficient?

-it ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the direction of the relationship between two variables. -It can often lead to hypotheses that can be tested experimentally

As a general rule, if the sample is large, the difference between the groups is large, and the range of scores within a group is small, then the results are likely to be:

-statistically significant