Quiz 4

How did justifications for slavery change from the fifteenth to eighteenth century?

Arguments supporting slavery began to focus more on science and nature and less on religion

How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the seventeenth century?

Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interest.

After losing access to slave trading from the Black Sea, the Genoese obtained which of the following as slaves?

Black Africans

How did French colonies respond to the problem of the low migration levels from France?

Colonial officials encouraged French traders to form ties with and marry native women

How did English colonies differ from other major European colonies in their treatment of African women?

English masters rarely freed the children that they fathered with female slaves

How did Europeans initially justify the enslavement of Africans?

Enslavement benefited Africans by bring Christianity to them

Cardinal Jules Mazarin's struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648-1653, known as the

Fronde

How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French state?

He concentrated on repairing and expanding the country's infrastructure, building new roads and canals.

How did Frederick William of Prussia, the Great Elector, persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?

He confirmed the Junker's privileges, including their authority over the serfs.

According to his agreement with the Spanish crown, what rewards would Columbus receive if he found a water route to Asia?

He would be named viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive one-tenth of material rewards of the journey.

France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of

Jean-Baptise Colbert

How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?

Louis XIV of France's grandson, Phillip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the Spanish and french thrones would never be united

How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century?

Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly.

After a defeat at Narva, Peter the Great constructed a new army and eventually beat the Swedish in 1709 at

Poltava

After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called

St. Petersburg

How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize their authority as rulers of an independent state?

They modeled their rule on the Mongol khans.

How did the English and French seek a route to East Asia?

They sought a northwest passage across North America

How did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa?

Traded for slaves with local leaders

Bartolomé de Las Casas asserted that the Indians

had human rights

At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were

off the coast of Asia