redo part 1

37. (p. 76) A "teachable moment" is one in which A. an opportunity for learning arises out of ordinary experiences. B. learning flows in a single direction. C. a parent creates a situation that encourages talking about death. D. a parent's questions, enthusiasm, and motivation guide the education process.

A. an opportunity for learning arises out of ordinary experiences.

2. (p. 51-52) A mature concept of death involves 1. universality. 2. irreversibility. 3. empiricism. 4. causality. A. 1, 2, and 3 B. 2, 3, and 4 C. 1, 2, and 4 D. 1, 3, and 4

C. 1, 2, and 4

34. (p. 75) In a study of nursery rhymes, approximately what percentage describe ways in which humans or animals die or are mistreated? A. 10 percent B. 25 percent C. 50 percent D. 75 percent

C. 50 percent

23. (p. 67) Which of the following best defines socialization? A. A process of creating visionary beliefs B. Uprooting and restructuring basic attitudes, values, or identities C. Learning and internalizing the norms, rules, and values of the society in which a person lives D. Ways of thinking, feeling, and acting

C. Learning and internalizing the norms, rules, and values of the society in which a person lives

20. (p. 60) In Erikson's model, the years from about 6 to the beginning of puberty is sometimes known as the A. elementary age. B. age of control and adequacy. C. industrial age. D. pre-pubescent precocious age.

C. industrial age.

39. (p. 51) A child's mature understanding of death is seen as a single, unidimensional concept. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

55. (p. 76-77) A "teachable" moment is most often best reserved for the classroom. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

What was important about Kubler-Ross's book?

Her book, *On Death and Dying* helped create demand for a better way to care for terminally ill

elegy

a song or poem expressing sorrow in a pensive or reflective manner and commemorating a person's life and death

institutional denial

socially institutionalized avoidance of death-related thoughts and emotions.

danger-of-death narratives

stories or accounts of close calls with death

euphemisms

substitution of an indirect or vague word or phrase for one considered harsh or blunt.

demographics

the size, shape, distribution, and other statistical info about a population.

The topic of Death today

****Although many people no longer consider death and dying as taboo topics, society sometimes manifests features of death avoidance that hinder open discussion and acceptance.

What bestseller did Albrom write?

*Tuesdays with Morrie*

*Thanatology*

*the study of death*—is composed of multiple dimensions (philosophical and ethical; psychological, sociological ; anthropological, clinical; political; educational) and strives to create movement toward knowledge and actions that allow us to deal with death intelligently and with compassion.

What are Factors Affecting Familiarity with Death:

-Demographics -Cultural Affects -Geographic Mobility -Life-Extending -Technologies

Who are some pioneers inn death and dying? And pioneers in death studies?

-T. Parsons -C.S. Lewis -Kubler-Ross -Saunders -Weisman -Becker -Mitford -Albrom's

14. (p. 58-59) In Erikson's model of psychosocial development, in what period is bodily mutilation and disfigurement one of the death related fears? A. Initiative vs. guilt B. Anxious vs. confused C. Industry vs. inferiority D. Identity vs. role confusion

A. Initiative vs. guilt

3. (p. 52) What subcomponent of universality makes explicit the understanding not only that all living things die but also that each living thing will die? A. Personal mortality B. Inevitability C. Purposefulness D. Organicity

A. Personal mortality

16. (p. 59) According to Jean Piaget, at what stage does a child learn to use language and symbolic thinking to understand the world? A. Preoperational B. Concrete operational C. Formal symbolism D. Assimilation

A. Preoperational

5. (p. 53) By what age do most children understand that death is a changed state? A. Preschool years B. Early elementary years C. Late elementary years D. Early middle school years

A. Preschool years

26. (p. 68) __________ refers to strategies used to informally teach people about death and dying, involving an effort to change people's perceptions and behaviors. A. Tactical socialization B. Resocialization C. Cognitive transformations D. Initiative manipulation

A. Tactical socialization

11. (p. 56) Jean Piaget's model of development emphasizes A. cognitive transformations. B. separation-individuation. C. the need for developing a sense of basic trust. D. psychosocial development.

A. cognitive transformations.

10. (p. 56) According to Erikson psychosocial development depends significantly on developing a sense of identity and is linked to the individual's A. connectedness and independence. B. genes. C. cognitive transformation. D. knowledge base.

A. connectedness and independence.

27. (p. 71-75) All of the following tends to be an important influence on the development of children's attitudes toward death EXCEPT A. rising funeral costs. B. social network. C. children's literature. D. family.

A. rising funeral costs.

35. (p. 76) While more young people than ever claim no religion, there seems to be a growing interest in A. spirituality. B. friendship. C. near death experiences. D. social constructionism.

A. spirituality.

25. (p. 68) Which of the following is an example of resocialization? A. Learning about death from a hospice caregiver B. Getting married C. Relocating to a new neighborhood D. Joining a new urban gang

B. Getting married

30. (p. 74) What is the name of the Chinese version of Little Red Riding Hood or Granny Wolf? A. Fêng-shui B. Lon Po Po C. Kung Hei Fat Choy D. Koi Lai-Mai

B. Lon Po Po

15. (p. 59) In Erickson's model, approximately what age marks the beginning of the child's moral sense? A. Birth-2 years B. Preschool and kindergarten years C. Middle childhood or school age D. Adolescent

B. Preschool and kindergarten years

33. (p. 75) The text cites the lullaby "Rockabye Baby" to illustrate the point that A. some lullabies are improper bedtime stories. B. a number of lullabies contain messages about human and animal death. C. each ending in life is followed by renewal. D. singing lullabies is a relatively new ritual.

B. a number of lullabies contain messages about human and animal death.

22. (p. 67) The acquisition of a mature understanding of death is part of the developmental process known as A. cognition. B. socialization. C. maturation. D. ethnocentrism.

B. socialization.

8. (p. 55) The model of human development devised by Erikson focuses on A. self-identity decisions. B. stages of psychosocial development. C. academic operations. D. internalizing cultural norms.

B. stages of psychosocial development.

7. (p. 54) Studies conducted in the early 1940s by Sylvia Anthony showed that children can give general explanations for death by what age? A. 5 years old B. 7 years old C. 9 years old D. 12 years old

C. 9 years old

1. (p. 51) Regarding a mature concept of death, which of the following is true about universality? A. Organisms that die cannot be made alive again. B. Death involves the cessation of all physiological functions or signs of life. C. All living things must eventually die. D. There are biological reasons for the occurrence of death.

C. All living things must eventually die.

9. (p. 55) Which theorist is associated with the developmental model that emphasizes changes in attitudes toward death during different psychosocial stages? A. Mark Speece B. Jean Piaget C. Erik Erikson D. Gerald Koocher

C. Erik Erikson

19. (p. 60) In Erikson's model, the years from about six to the beginning of puberty correspond to what stage? A. Autonomy vs. shame B. Initiative vs. guilt C. Industry vs. inferiority D. Identity vs. role confusion

C. Industry vs. inferiority

13. (p. 58) According to Erik Erikson's theory, during which developmental stage do children increasingly seek their own direction and purpose? A. Trust vs. mistrust B. Autonomy vs. shame C. Initiative vs. guilt D. Industry vs. inferiority

C. Initiative vs. guilt

24. (p. 68) What term refers to the uprooting and restructuring of basic attitudes, values, or identities? A. Emerging adulthood B. Psychosocial transformations C. Resocialization D. Enculturation

C. Resocialization

38. (p. 76) What concept describes opportunities for learning that arise out of unplanned or unexpected occurrences? A. Concrete operations B. Primary socialization C. Teachable moments D. Nonempirical ideas

C. Teachable moments

4. (p. 52-53) In discussing how people understand death, the term "noncorporeal continuity" refers to the idea that A. death occurs suddenly, without warning. B. death involves cessation of functioning. C. human beings survive in some form after the death of the physical body. D. legal issues must be addressed after death.

C. human beings survive in some form after the death of the physical body.

32. (p. 75) Lullabies and nursery rhymes often contain A. wolves who eat people. B. fairies who save people. C. themes of death and violence. D. supernatural powers.

C. themes of death and violence.

28. (p. 71-76) Agents of socialization include 1. family and peers. 2. school. 3. employers. 4. religion. A. 1, 2, and 3 B. 2, 3, and 4 C. 1, 3, and 4 D. 1, 2, and 4

D. 1, 2, and 4

18. (p. 60) In the study done by Helen Swain, what percentage of children said that death is unlikely or avoidable? A. 95 percent B. 10 percent C. 50 percent D. 66 percent

D. 66 percent

36. (p. 76) According to the text, approximately what percentage of Americans are affiliated with a religious tradition? A. 60 percent B. 33 percent C. 50 percent D. 90 percent

D. 90 percent

21. (p. 63) In Piaget's model, what phase is marked by formulating concepts that are abstract or symbolic? A. Symbol-abstract B. Preoperational C. Fundamental operations D. Formal operations

D. Formal operations

17. (p. 59) When asked, "What makes things die?" a child responds, "You can die if you swallow a dirty bug." According to Piaget's theory, this child is probably in which developmental stage? A. Sensorimotor B. Formal operational C. Concrete operational D. Preoperational

D. Preoperational

31. (p. 74-75) The story of Little Red Riding Hood in Chinese tradition differs from the Western version in which of the following ways? A. The wolf does not die in the Chinese version. B. The wolf eats the children in the Chinese version. C. There is no wolf in the Chinese version. D. The three children in the Chinese version work together as a group to kill the wolf.

D. The three children in the Chinese version work together as a group to kill the wolf.

40. (p. 51) The major aspects of a mature concept of death are mastered in an unfixed, irregular sequential order. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

41. (p. 52) Nonfunctionality means that your everyday functioning (going to school or work, self-care, etc.) has diminished due to a recent loss. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

42. (p. 52) A mature concept of death includes causality, which implies that adults will often blame someone or something for a loved one's death. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

44. (p. 52) Non-empirical ideas are subject to strict scientific proof and observation. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

47. (p. 59) The Copernican stage marks the beginning of a child's moral sense. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

52. (p. 73) Following the assassination of President Kennedy, older children were more concerned than younger children about the appearance of the president's body. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

53. (p. 73) In the nineteenth century, violence in children's stories was downplayed, virtually non-existent, and rarely graphic or gory. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

54. (p. 75) Lullabies containing themes of death and violence are seen predominantly in American culture and first appeared as a twentieth century form of mourning songs. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

56. (p. 80-81) Veterinary schools can provide information on pet cemeteries, burials and cremation, but may not discuss hospice care for pets. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Dies Irae

Literally, "Day of Wrath"; a musical symbol of death; a spoken, chanted, or sung segment of the mass for the dead. A solemn and mournful song or hymn expressing grief; often accompanying funeral or memorial rites. -a section of the Requiem Mass that is a musical symbol for death in works by many composers.

Who bombed Nagasaki?

President Trumann

43. (p. 52) Personal mortality is a subcomponent of universality. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

45. (p. 56) According to Piaget, we construct our knowledge based on what we already know. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

46. (p. 57) Exercising independence is a hallmark of Erikson's autonomy versus shame and doubt stage. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

48. (p. 60) In Helen Swain's study, most children expressed the notion that death is reversible. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

49. (p. 67) Through socialization, younger members of a society acquire knowledge from older generations. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

50. (p. 68) An example of the term resocialization is the starting of a new job. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

51. (p. 68) Tactical socialization involves actively attempting to change people's perceptions and behaviors about some aspect of their social world. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

hibakusha

a Japanese word meaning "explosion-affected"; originally used to describe survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; more broadly, refers to pervasive anxiety about the threat of annihilation.

Public vs. Private loss

a distinction between the public and private aspects of a loss-event whereby the private sorrow of the bereaved may wither conflict with or be comforted by the dimensions of the loss as a public event

dirge

a hymn of grief; a musical form associated with funeral processions and burials. EX: the jazz funeral of New Orleans; a lot of famous musicians wrote dirges

lament

a musical expression of ritual leave-taking; an emotionally moving expression of loss and longing

mean world syndrome

a situation in which the symbolic use of death contributes to a "discourse of fear" leading to a heightened sense of danger and irrational dread of dying

cultural lag

a situation whereby a society falls behind in dealing with new social problems that result from technological advances and rapid social changes.

death notice

a standardized report giving brief details about a person's life and published, usually in small type in a single column, in a newspaper after his or her death.

mortality rates

a statistical measure used to compare the frequency of deaths occurring due to different causes or among different populations

kanikau

a traditional Hawaiian poetic lament, carefully composed or spontaneously created, commemorating a person's death.

loss-ography

a written account of the losses experienced by an individual, the circumstances in which they occurred, and the responses of others i the person's environment.

obituary

an account of a person's life and death printed in a format similar to other feature stories. A standardized report giving brief details about a person's life and published, usually in small type in a single column, in a newspaper after his or her death.

geographical mobility

demographic pattern whereby large segments of a population move frequently

death anxiety

fearful or apprehensive uneasiness of mind about the threat of personal annihilation or ultimate prospect of one's own death

death education

formal or informal instruction about dying, grief, and related topics

Death and Dying pioneering efforts?

in the 1950s and 1960s, education about dying, death, and bereavement has achieved widespread acceptance.

death talk

language about death, especially the use of metaphors, euphemisms, and slang.

life-extending technologies

medical techniques and associated devices employed to sustain functioning of the biological organism

In the rise of death education, what was considered "informal"?

teachable moments

managed death

the attempt to control or seek mastery of the threat of death or the circumstances of dying by application of medical technology and by personal and social choices.

life expectancy

the number of years a newborn child is expected to live based on statistical averages

Why are some reasons that we experience death firsthand a lot less frequently than our ancestors?

-changes in life expectancy and mortality rates, the causes of death, geographical mobility, displacement of death from the home to the hospital and other institutional settings, and advances in life-sustaining medical technologies. -people used to die in the home and stay there until their funeral

How are attitudes of death expressed?

-mass media -language -music -literature -visual arts -humor

"the bell toll"

-the death notice from a church showing someone died (would ring it as many times as their age)

Where was the first formal academic course given on death education?

A class by Robert Fulton at the University of Minnesota in the Spring of 1963.

Although the interrelated disciplines of death education, counseling, and care of the dying continue to evolve, what is still one of the most pressing needs?

A deeper recognition of the diversity of experiences present in cosmopolitan, pluralistic societies.

epidemiologic transition

A historical shift in disease patterns causing a redistribution of deaths from the young to the old.

What is a *cosmopolitan society*?

A social group or community having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope; globally aware and culturally diverse.

29. (p. 73) Which answer best reflects children's understandings of John F. Kennedy's assassination? A. Older children did not express concerns about the impact of Kennedy's death on the political system. B. Young children worried about the appearance of the president's body and having to watch the news coverage. C. Younger children did not know who the president was and had no interpretation of his death. D. Younger children worried about the appearance of the president's body and the effects of the death on his family.

D. Younger children worried about the appearance of the president's body and the effects of the death on his family.

6. (p. 54) Children who have had first-hand encounters with death tend to A. still believe in reversible death. B. avoid any mention of it. C. deny its existence. D. have a developmentally more mature understanding of death.

D. have a developmentally more mature understanding of death.

12. (p. 57) In Piaget's model, the first two years of life are characterized as the A. preoperational period. B. incompetent to competent period. C. autonomy vs. shame and doubt. D. sensorimotor.

D. sensorimotor.

What are the practical issues that human beings experience in their encounters with dying, death, and bereavement?

Death anxiety and the related concepts of fear, threat, terror, and concern with the prospect of one's own death.

What was ironic about Steve Job's Stanford Commencement Address?

He said that "Death is very likely the single best invention of life-" He called death "life's change agent"

postmodernism

characterized by a reappraisal of taken-for-granted beliefs and an exploration of and openness to ideas and customs from all historical periods and cultures.

cause of death

condition or circumstance that results in death