Respiratory System VB

How is air modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa

1. Particles are filtered out by mucus and coarse hairs 2. Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands 3. Air is warmed by capillaries

Which of the following statements about phonation are true?

1. Sounds is produced by vibration of the vocal cords 2. Muscles move the arytenoid cartilages to control the vocal cords 3. Higher air pressure creates louder sound

What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilaginous rings?

1. Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or overexpanding 2. Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage of food through the esophagus

The circulatory system works with the respiratory system to maintain body function by doing which of the following?

1. Transporting oxygen in hemoglobin 2. Delivering waste carbon dioxide to pulmonary capillaries

The right lung has ______________ lobes, and the left lung has _____________ lobes.

3, 2

Gas exchange in external respiration occurs in which cells?

Type I alveolar cells

In forced exhalation, the ___________ muscles compress the truck

abdominal

When smooth muscles in the bronchi relax, _____________ occurs and ventilation usually _____________.

bronchodilation, increases

All of the following can be found in the nasal cavity, except:

cartilaginous rings

Olfactory receptors are activated by which of the following?

chemicals in the air

The main function of the epiglottis is to:

close off the trachea to direct food into the esophagus

Which muscles are used during normal inhalation?

diaphragm, external intercostals

According to Dalton's Law, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the alveoli and the bloodstream because:

each gas diffuses to the area of its lower partial pressure

All of the following muscles are used during forced inhalation, except

internal oblique

Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

it reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

Respiratory rhythm is regulated by which of the following brain structures?

medulla oblongata

The components of the upper respiratory system are:

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

During normal exhalation, which of the following muscles contract?

none; the muscles of inhalation relax in normal exhalation

Which best describes the pathway of an olfactory nerve impulse?

olfactory receptors, olfactory bulb, olfactory tracts, cerebral cortex

Which parts of the pharynx are shared with the digestive system?

oropharynx, laryngopharynx

In gas exchange (external respiration:)

oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

Why does air move out of the lungs during exhalation

pressure inside the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure

The branches of the bronchial tree, from widest to narrowest, are:

primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles

The function of Type II alveolar cells is to:

produce alveolar fluid

The buildup of pressure in the lungs during a sneeze functions to:

propel irritants forcefully out of the nasal cavity

Which best describes the path that deoxygenated blood travels from the heart into the lungs?

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, capillaries

Which would you expect to produce the highest pitched sound

short vocal cords, high vocal cord tension

Which of the following would cause the medulla oblongata to increase respiratory rate?

too much carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

The components of the lower respiratory system are:

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs

Which accurately describes Boyle's Law?

when the volume of a container increases, pressure of a gas inside decreases