Review Chapter 5 Skin

Thick skin has a more extensive dermal layer than thin skin. T/F

False

When you clean your finger nails, you scrape dirt from the eponychium. T/F

False

Match the following: Skin macrophages that help activate the immune system. The most abundant cells of the epidermis. Spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin.

Dendritic cells Keratinocytes Melanocytes

In a blister, the fluid collects between the papillary dermis and the stratum basale. T/F

True

In the stratum spinosum, dendritic cells are found among the keratinocytes. T/F

True

Regardless of race, all human beings have about the same number of melanocytes. T/F

True

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured? spinosum lucidum granulosum basale

basale

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________. genetics race overexposure to UV radiation use of farm chemicals

overexposure to UV radiation

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information, you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________. the stratum basale but not the dermal layers the subcutaneous layer, but no deeper the stratum corneum but not the stratum granulosum the papillary layer but not the reticular layer

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is ________. metabolic wastes 99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, vitamin C primarily uric acid fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins

99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, vitamin C

A hypodermic needle penetrates the layers of skin in this order: stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum corneum, then stratum granulosum. T/F

False

Cells in the stratum corneum undergo mitosis to keep the layer thick and protective. T/F

False

Joe just burned himself on a hot pot, and the burn is quite painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn. T/F

False

The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not. T/F

False

The eccrine sweat glands are not the primary gland involved in thermoregulation. T/F

False

The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin. T/F

False

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin? The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum, as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments. Fat associated with skin prevents water loss. The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it. Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces.

Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces.

All of the following will help the skin to fight infection but one. Which of the following will have little effect on the skin's ability to fight infection? Greater production of keratinocytes resulting in more layers of the stratum corneum. More tight junctions between keratinocytes of the stratum corneum. Greater production of melanin. Increased secretions of defensins from skin cells.

Greater production of melanin.

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin? It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases. The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy. It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism. It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body.

It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.

Which is correct about the role of skin? Its metabolic function is to make vitamin D It contains the cells that make blood It supports the body by holding it all together It excretes most of the body's nitrogen waste

Its metabolic function is to make vitamin D

Hair follicle Its movement can be detected It is made by the dermis Eccrine sweat gland ducts open into it The cells in the hair papilla make melanin

Its movement can be detected

Which of these cells is correctly matched? Melanocytes - glycolipids Dendritic cells - touch receptor Tactile cells - come from the bone marrow Keratinocytes - desmosomes

Keratinocytes - desmosomes

Which is correct about skin color? Melanin is found in keratinocytes Those with genetically dark skin have more melanocytes than those with lighter skin Carotene gives skin a pinkish hue Melanin is the only determinate of skin color

Melanin is found in keratinocytes

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage? The skin is protected by increasing the number of epidermal dendritic cells, which help to activate the immune system. The skin is protected by the synthesis of three pigments that contribute to the skin's color. Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen. Carotene, which accumulates in the stratum corneum and hypodermal adipose tissue, is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight.

Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback? Excretion of salts within the sweat. An increase in sebum production in response to androgens (male sex hormones). Release of sweat by eccrine glands in response to heat. Lack of pain in third-degree burns due to damage to sensory nerves in the dermis.

Release of sweat by eccrine glands in response to heat.

Which one of these can be found in dermal papillae? Arrector pili The base of a hair follicle Tactile corpuscles Adipose tissue

Tactile corpuscles

A light skinned person who is very cold may have a pale appearance. Which of the following is the best explanation for why this might be so? The person is in fear of hypothermia (sever cold exposure). The person's blood vessels in the dermis have undergone vasoconstriction (narrowing). The person's blood vessels in the epidermis have undergone vasodilation (widening). The cold has slowed the movement of blood.

The person's blood vessels in the dermis have undergone vasoconstriction (narrowing).

The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis. T/F

True

The protein found in large amounts in the superficial layer of epidermal cells is keratin. T/F

True

The function of the root hair plexus is to ________. allow the hair to assist in touch sensation cause apocrine gland secretion into the hair follicle bind the hair root to the dermis serve as a source for new epidermal cells for hair growth after the resting stage has passed

allow the hair to assist in touch sensation

These glands are unique to the axilla and groin apocrine glands sebaceous glands ceruminous glands eccrine glands

apocrine glands

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order? basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Which of the following cells and their function are correctly matched? keratinocytes - provide sense of touch and pressure tactile cells - protection dendritic cells - activate the immune system melanocytes - protects cells in the stratum corneum from damaging effects of sun's rays

dendritic cells - activate immune system

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands? sebaceous and merocrine eccrine and apocrine mammary and ceruminous holocrine and mammary

eccrine and apocrine

In the embryo the epidermis arises from which embryonic germ layer? ectoderm endoderm basoderm mesoderm

ectoderm

Which layer of tissue is damaged in a first-degree burn? hypodermis epidermis dermis both the epidermis and dermis

epidermis

Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because ________. hormones in the eyebrow follicle switch the growth off after it has reached a predetermined length the vascular supply of the eyebrow follicle is one-tenth that of the head hair follicle they grow much slower eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months

eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months

A surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermis (tension lines). This will result in ________. slowed healing and greater scaring less chance for infection greater chance of infection faster healing of the skin and less scaring

faster healing of the skin and less scaring

Which of these are correctly matched? hair follicle receptors - light touch lamellar corpuscle - hair movement free nerve endings - pain tactile cells - deep pressure

free nerve endings - pain

The stratum lucidum has cells that look spiked flakes off easily is found only in thick skin has cells that are dividing rapidly

is found only in thick skin

Which is not considered an appendage of skin? nails lamellar corpuscles hair sweat glands

lamellar corpuscles

The hair of a newborn is lamellar vellus terminal lanugo

lanugo

A dendritic or Langerhans cell is a specialized ________. melanocyte squamous epithelial cell phagocytic cell nerve cell

phagocytic cell

Cells of the stratum spinosum have many interlocking desmosomes that will remain between the cells as they migrate to the stratum corneum. These cell junctions serve the body by ________. allowing secretions like sweat or sebum to pass through stopping water loss and preventing dehydration preventing mechanical stress or trauma from damaging the epidermis preventing ultraviolet light from penetrating the deeper layers of the epidermis

preventing mechanical stress or trauma from damaging the epidermis

The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? hypodermal layer subcutaneous layer reticular layer papillary layer

reticular layer

Which of the following glands secrete sebum, an oily like substance? apocrine glands eccrine glands merocrine glands sebaceous glands

sebaceous glands

A cancer of keratocytes originating in the stratum spinosum is a squamous cell carcinoma melanoma adenoma basil cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement? stratum lucidum stratum corneum stratum basale stratum granulosum

stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood? stratum spinosum stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum basale

stratum basale

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch? tactile cells free nerve ending Ruffini body Pacinian corpuscles

tactile cells

A light-skinned person may appear pink when they become over heated. The best explanation for this is ________. blood flow has increased to the sweat glands in order to increase their metabolic activity. the heart is pumping faster because the person was probably exercising. the melanocytes are responding to the heat of the sun and change the appearance of the skin with increased production. the blood vessels of the dermis have undergone vasodilation, bringing a greater volume of blood to the skin.

the blood vessels of the dermis have undergone vasodilation, bringing a greater volume of blood to the skin.

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________. the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock

the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber