ROARING 20's REVIEW

During the 1920s, the U.S. government was

Laissez-Faire (lazy)

18th Amendment

Made production, sale & consumption of alcohol illegal

Internationally Accepted

Many African Americans moved out of the U.S. because they were more ________ than in the U.S.

Langston Hughes (literature)

Writer of the Harlem renaissance, poems moved to tempo of jazz & blues, described the difficult lives of working-class African Americans

Flawed

Writes such as Hemingway & Fitzgerald portrayed their characters as _____ and shallow, even if they were heroic.

Labor unrest

Immediately after the war, Americans experienced a temporary recession as businesses adjusted from a wartime to a peacetime economy. LED TO...

The introduction of restrictions on _____ establishing quotas for the first time. - The adoption of the quota system to limit ____ represented nativism

Immigration

Republican

- 3 presidents pursued pro-business policies

Eugenics

- Attempted to promote what were considered to be superior genetic characteristics.

Credits

- Buy now & pay later is how many americans afforded to buy luxury of the 1920s

Lost generation

- Came of age during WW1 - The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway

Edward Hopper (art)

- Captured the loneliness of people - Painted empty streets and solitary people

Southern

- During the 1920s congress passed a series of immigration laws that were primarily designed to limit immigration from southern & Eastern Europe.

KKK

- During the Great Migration, many african americans moved to the north, they still experienced racism as membership of _______ grew rapidly in the 1920s.

Factory Jobs

- During the first 3 decades of the 20th century, the main reason many African Americans left the south was for more jobs that were available in the north.

Politics

- NAACP: - end segregation, promote any-lynching laws - end discrimination Great migration = more af-am voters = more political clout = "Negro nationalism" - increased economic independence - Narcus Garvey

Here Gershwin (music)

- Rhapsody in Blue: - composer and pianist - 1st internationally accepted "classical: american composition. - Tin pan alley

What is Art Deco?

- Sleek (smooth & glossy) - Modern - Functional - Popular international design '20s & '30s

Speculation

- The 1920s saw the spread of ______ in stocks and real estate. - The development of new industries, improved production techniques, & the expansion of mass markets had led the shares of corporations listed on the stock market to climb to dizzying heights. - Gains in stocks fueled speculation. As more people bought stocks, stock prices went up even higher.

Return to Normalcy

- Warren Harding proposed - although his administration was trouble by corruption as revealed by the Teapot Dome Scandal

Literature

- Zora Neale Hurtson, Writer and poet - James weldon johnson; school principal, editor, & lawyer

Wright (Architecture)

- houses of low height; blended w/ environment - functional designes - geometric patterns.

Taxes

- republicans supported low taxes - supported high tariff rates on imported goods.

Put in Chronological Order

1) Panama Canal 2) WW1 3) Treaty of Versailles 4) Red Scare 5) Palmer Raids

Charles Lindbergh

1st person to fly across the Atlantic (solo & w/o radio communication)

Marcus Garvey

A black leader, called for negro nationalism. He founded the Universal Negro improvement association that promoted black pride & unity. He also started the Back to Africa movement. - Encouraged African American to own their own businesses and once said that, '"A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin, and culture is like a tree without roots"

Edna St. Vincent Villay

A poet, celebrated youth, independence, & freedom from traditional restrictions.

Ernest Hemingway

A writer, portrayed heroes with flaws.

F. Scott Fitzerald

A writer, wrote great gabby, portrayed the ugly side of wealth.

Red Scare

Americans, frightened by immigrants & the triumph of communism in Russia, experienced a _______

Allowed productions of cars to be fast & efficient, making cars more affordable to everyday citizens.

Assembly line

Calvin Coolidge

Believed the business of America is business

During the 1920's the US government felt that prosperity rested on

Big Business

Scopes Trial

Creationists vs. Evolutionists; new scientific ideas vs. traditional ideas. Scope volunteered to teach the theory of evolution in Dayton, Tennessee although it was against the law (Butler Act). - The court case that argued the morality of teaching evolution in science classrooms of public schools.

The 1920s were a period of new

Cultural values

The 1920s era was a period of

Economic prosperity (success)

Clarance Darrow

Famous trial lawyer of the time; defended John Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial

While technology and mechanization allowed for more production, even over production in agriculture, the demand for agricultural goods did not expand as rapidly, thus keeping ______ from participating in the prosperity of the 1920s

Farmers

known for their paintings of New York and, later, moved to New Mexico & painted nature (flowers)

Georgia O' Keefe (art)

Flowering of African-Americans socially, artistically & politically. - Harlem, NYC - Great Migration-jobs - Less segregation - voting rights - better life

Harlem Renaissance (African-American Community)

Teapot Dome Scandal

One of president Harding's most serious weaknesses was that he appointed personal friends - the Ohio Gang - who turned out to be dishonest. One cabinet member, the secretary of the interior, leased oil-rich government lands in wyoming, to two business friends in exchange for personal bribes. The ________, uncovered just after Harding's death in 1923, was one of the worst scandals in U.S. history

Peacetime economy

President Harding called for a return to normalcy. He meant going back to a __________

William Jennings Bryan

Prosecuted John Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial (3x Democratic presidential candidate)

The 1920s is described as _____ because of all of the social changes

Roaring

Herbert Hoover

Saw rugged individualism as the spirit that had made America into a great nation

sacco & Vanzetti (Italians)

The anti-communist affected immigrants as well as U.S. citizens. - Convicted of committing murder during a robbery. - Committed to obtain funds for an anarchist revolution. - Pressure for their release came from around the world. Although evidence was insufficient to convict them, they were found guilty and excited in 1927.

Tin Pan Alley

The location of the music publishing industry in New York City. Musical ideas mixed together to form American pop. music

Henry Ford

The person credited with the creation of the assembly line for mass production of the model T; revolutionized transportation

Nativist

There was a rise of feeling

Nativism

They believed that native born people are superior to foreign born people

A study of flappers of the 1920s would indicate that some women rejected

Traditional restrictions

bessie smith

blues singer

Emergency Quota Act

established a temporary quota system, limiting immigration

Cotton club

famous jazz club in harlem

Frances Willard

fought for women's rights & a ban on the sale of alcohol.

Duke ellington

jazz pianist and composer; led 10 piece orchestra at the cotton club

Characteristics

nativism, disposable incomes, organized crime due to prohibition, modern women (flapper), jazz

josephine baker

singer & dancer

paul robseon

singer-actor famous movie "show boat"

Louis armstrong

trumpeter whose speciality was improvisation