ROARING 20's REVIEW
During the 1920s, the U.S. government was
Laissez-Faire (lazy)
18th Amendment
Made production, sale & consumption of alcohol illegal
Internationally Accepted
Many African Americans moved out of the U.S. because they were more ________ than in the U.S.
Langston Hughes (literature)
Writer of the Harlem renaissance, poems moved to tempo of jazz & blues, described the difficult lives of working-class African Americans
Flawed
Writes such as Hemingway & Fitzgerald portrayed their characters as _____ and shallow, even if they were heroic.
Labor unrest
Immediately after the war, Americans experienced a temporary recession as businesses adjusted from a wartime to a peacetime economy. LED TO...
The introduction of restrictions on _____ establishing quotas for the first time. - The adoption of the quota system to limit ____ represented nativism
Immigration
Republican
- 3 presidents pursued pro-business policies
Eugenics
- Attempted to promote what were considered to be superior genetic characteristics.
Credits
- Buy now & pay later is how many americans afforded to buy luxury of the 1920s
Lost generation
- Came of age during WW1 - The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway
Edward Hopper (art)
- Captured the loneliness of people - Painted empty streets and solitary people
Southern
- During the 1920s congress passed a series of immigration laws that were primarily designed to limit immigration from southern & Eastern Europe.
KKK
- During the Great Migration, many african americans moved to the north, they still experienced racism as membership of _______ grew rapidly in the 1920s.
Factory Jobs
- During the first 3 decades of the 20th century, the main reason many African Americans left the south was for more jobs that were available in the north.
Politics
- NAACP: - end segregation, promote any-lynching laws - end discrimination Great migration = more af-am voters = more political clout = "Negro nationalism" - increased economic independence - Narcus Garvey
Here Gershwin (music)
- Rhapsody in Blue: - composer and pianist - 1st internationally accepted "classical: american composition. - Tin pan alley
What is Art Deco?
- Sleek (smooth & glossy) - Modern - Functional - Popular international design '20s & '30s
Speculation
- The 1920s saw the spread of ______ in stocks and real estate. - The development of new industries, improved production techniques, & the expansion of mass markets had led the shares of corporations listed on the stock market to climb to dizzying heights. - Gains in stocks fueled speculation. As more people bought stocks, stock prices went up even higher.
Return to Normalcy
- Warren Harding proposed - although his administration was trouble by corruption as revealed by the Teapot Dome Scandal
Literature
- Zora Neale Hurtson, Writer and poet - James weldon johnson; school principal, editor, & lawyer
Wright (Architecture)
- houses of low height; blended w/ environment - functional designes - geometric patterns.
Taxes
- republicans supported low taxes - supported high tariff rates on imported goods.
Put in Chronological Order
1) Panama Canal 2) WW1 3) Treaty of Versailles 4) Red Scare 5) Palmer Raids
Charles Lindbergh
1st person to fly across the Atlantic (solo & w/o radio communication)
Marcus Garvey
A black leader, called for negro nationalism. He founded the Universal Negro improvement association that promoted black pride & unity. He also started the Back to Africa movement. - Encouraged African American to own their own businesses and once said that, '"A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin, and culture is like a tree without roots"
Edna St. Vincent Villay
A poet, celebrated youth, independence, & freedom from traditional restrictions.
Ernest Hemingway
A writer, portrayed heroes with flaws.
F. Scott Fitzerald
A writer, wrote great gabby, portrayed the ugly side of wealth.
Red Scare
Americans, frightened by immigrants & the triumph of communism in Russia, experienced a _______
Allowed productions of cars to be fast & efficient, making cars more affordable to everyday citizens.
Assembly line
Calvin Coolidge
Believed the business of America is business
During the 1920's the US government felt that prosperity rested on
Big Business
Scopes Trial
Creationists vs. Evolutionists; new scientific ideas vs. traditional ideas. Scope volunteered to teach the theory of evolution in Dayton, Tennessee although it was against the law (Butler Act). - The court case that argued the morality of teaching evolution in science classrooms of public schools.
The 1920s were a period of new
Cultural values
The 1920s era was a period of
Economic prosperity (success)
Clarance Darrow
Famous trial lawyer of the time; defended John Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial
While technology and mechanization allowed for more production, even over production in agriculture, the demand for agricultural goods did not expand as rapidly, thus keeping ______ from participating in the prosperity of the 1920s
Farmers
known for their paintings of New York and, later, moved to New Mexico & painted nature (flowers)
Georgia O' Keefe (art)
Flowering of African-Americans socially, artistically & politically. - Harlem, NYC - Great Migration-jobs - Less segregation - voting rights - better life
Harlem Renaissance (African-American Community)
Teapot Dome Scandal
One of president Harding's most serious weaknesses was that he appointed personal friends - the Ohio Gang - who turned out to be dishonest. One cabinet member, the secretary of the interior, leased oil-rich government lands in wyoming, to two business friends in exchange for personal bribes. The ________, uncovered just after Harding's death in 1923, was one of the worst scandals in U.S. history
Peacetime economy
President Harding called for a return to normalcy. He meant going back to a __________
William Jennings Bryan
Prosecuted John Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial (3x Democratic presidential candidate)
The 1920s is described as _____ because of all of the social changes
Roaring
Herbert Hoover
Saw rugged individualism as the spirit that had made America into a great nation
sacco & Vanzetti (Italians)
The anti-communist affected immigrants as well as U.S. citizens. - Convicted of committing murder during a robbery. - Committed to obtain funds for an anarchist revolution. - Pressure for their release came from around the world. Although evidence was insufficient to convict them, they were found guilty and excited in 1927.
Tin Pan Alley
The location of the music publishing industry in New York City. Musical ideas mixed together to form American pop. music
Henry Ford
The person credited with the creation of the assembly line for mass production of the model T; revolutionized transportation
Nativist
There was a rise of feeling
Nativism
They believed that native born people are superior to foreign born people
A study of flappers of the 1920s would indicate that some women rejected
Traditional restrictions
bessie smith
blues singer
Emergency Quota Act
established a temporary quota system, limiting immigration
Cotton club
famous jazz club in harlem
Frances Willard
fought for women's rights & a ban on the sale of alcohol.
Duke ellington
jazz pianist and composer; led 10 piece orchestra at the cotton club
Characteristics
nativism, disposable incomes, organized crime due to prohibition, modern women (flapper), jazz
josephine baker
singer & dancer
paul robseon
singer-actor famous movie "show boat"
Louis armstrong
trumpeter whose speciality was improvisation