Rocks Final Exam 16-18

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What are the two main fluvial river systems?

1) Braided 2) Meandering

The three major types of fossil fuels are...

1) Coal 2) Oil 3) Natural Gas

What can cause a waterfall to form?

1) Flow from hard to soft material 2) Dip slip faulting 3) Faster erosiion of the trunk stream

Today's continental glaciers are limited to

1) Greenland 2) Antarctica

A mountain glacier's ice mass moves by ____________

1) Internal Flow driven by gravity 2) Sliding at the base

Which of the following byproducts of the burning of fossil fuels are contributing to global warming?

1) Methane 2) Nitrous Oxide 3) Ozone 4) Carbon Dioxide

Which of the following are characteristics of a meandering fluvial system?

1) They mostly carry fine sand, silt and mud 2) The usually experience continuous water flow

What major sectors rely on petroleum?

1) Transportation 2) Plastics

The following tectonic conditions aid in the formation of large continental ice sheets

1) having large landmasses at high latitudes 2) having extensive landmasses rather than lots of smaller islands

When searching for petroleum deposits what are some key characteristics of the geology?

1) low permeability caprock 2) anticlines 3) source rock

The "snout" of a glacier, that is the edge that has moved farthest into the valley or away from the zone of accumulation is also called

1) toe 2) terminus

According to superposition theory for river gap formation, order the process. A. 4 B. 1 C. 3 D. 2

1. Deposition -A (2) 2. Erosion into Mountain Range- C (4) 3. Mountain Formation -D (1) 4. River Erosion -B (3)

Acid rain has a pH below

5.6

Typical glacial ice has __________________ air bubbles.

< 20%

On average, glacial ice becomes ductile at a glacial ice depth of

>60 meters

Burning natural gas produces less of which of the following than the burning of coal?

A. particulates B. sulfur dioxide C. nitrous oxides D. carbon dioxide E. carbon monoxide (everything)

The process by which particles carried by the water grind against the channel floor like sandpaper is known as...

Abrasion

Coal is primarily made of the element ____

Carbon

Which of the following gases contributes the most to global warming?

Carbon Dioxide

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major watersheds of North America?

Caribbean

During Knick Point Progression of Niagara Falls, what event causes the SUDDEN progression upstream of the falls?

Catastrophic collapse of the Niagara limestone

When oil is found in the ground, we call it ____ oil

Crude

How can barbed tributaries form?

Differential uplift

Acid mine drainage often has a brown/ red color because of...

Dissolved Iron

Changes in the shape of the Earth's orbit around the sun on a 100,000 year cycle is known as changes in

Eccentricity

In the antecedent stream theory of river gap formation, which has a higher rate, Erosion of the river OR uplift of the mountains?

Erosion of the river

Large ice-transported boulders are called

Erractics

All water within a watershed ultimately flows to an ocean.

False

During crude oil refining, the longest chain carbons will separate to the top of a distillation column.

False

Most modern coal plants are equipped with filtration treatment to remove carbon dioxide.

False

The continental divide divides the continent of North America into two halves of equal areas.

False

True or False? An increase in annual eruptions of volcanoes around the globe are a major driving force behind our current atmospheric warming

False

Water in a meandering stream moves ______ on the outside of the meander bends.

Fastest

Flooded former glacial valleys are known as..

Fjords

Oil is ultimately formed...

From the dead bodies of planktonic micro-organisms.

What do geologists call time periods in which glaciers are retreating.

Interglacials

Oil tends to migrate upwards through overlying rocks because...

It is very light

Lakes that form during glacial retreat as large junks of ice melt to fill depressions in the till are called

Kettles

Why is Niagara Falls so far upstream of the Niagara escarpment?

Knick point migration

The large multi-continent ice sheet that expanded in the Northern Hemisphere during the Wisconsinan glacial period was called...

Labrador Ice Sheet

A mountain glacier requires cool summer temperatures, sufficient snow fall, a gentle slope, and _______________ to form and be sustained.

Low winds

What is different about an unconventional reservoir as compared to a conventional reservoir?

Lower permeability

Which gas is the dominant glass sent to consumers?

Methane

Which is the largest source of electricity production in the United States?

Natural Gas

A _____ stream carries water year-round because the stream is ____ the local water table.

Permanent, below

In 2019, the dominant fuel used for transporation in the US was...

Petroleum

What kind of drainage pattern forms when streams follow regularly fractured rocks?

Rectangular

As curves in a meandering river progress, ______ are deposited on the inside edge.

Scroll bars

Canyons form more easily in hard rocks.

True

Most coal originally formed in swamps.

True

Mountain glaciers can exist in the tropics.

True

Prior to the modern era, humans never lived in an atmosphere as rich in carbon dioxide as today

True

Waterfalls can move

True

A network of channels that collects water form a broad region is called a

Watershed

Brittle ice on the surface of a glacier fractures to form ___________

crevasses

When a glacier retreats, the under-ice meltwater channels that are filled with gravel become....

eskers

Anthracite has a ______ percent carbon than lignite.

higher

When a glacier begins to retreat, the ice mass is......

is moving downslope towards the valley

This type of glacial deposit can be found in areas that have never been glaciated

loess

When two glaciers flow together, their adjacent lateral moraines form a.....

medial moraine

The weathering of mountain belts acts as a ___________ for atmospheric carbon dioxide

sink

When a glacier retreats it typically leaves behind a thick sheet of.....

till

Glacial ice moves from the ____________________ to the ___________________.

zone of accumulation; zone of ablation


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