Science 804

Dorothy and Brian are expecting a boy. They would. like their baby to have a different color eye than theirs even though they both have brown eyes and know that this is a dominant trait. If both parents are hybrid for eye color, what is the probability that the baby's eyes would be brown?

75%

Students in Mr. Sepolios 6th grade science class are working on environmental science research projects designed to compare the natural resource consumption of the United States to that of other industrialized nations in the world. What most accurately describes the objective of this project?

Create an awareness of the impact people in the United States have on the depletion of natural resources in the world

Genetic information is contained in the DNA of an organism. How does DNA code for specific proteins that are unique in each individual?

DNA codes for RNA which codes for amino acids which hook together to make proteins

DNA is found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. Which of the following best describes the reason DNA is "copied" during cell reproduction and is passed along to new cells in the organism?

DNA contains genetic information or "instructions" from the parent cells

Mr. Tompson's students are studying heredity. He has asked his fifth graders to organize the labels shown below into the correct order. In which order would the students place the labels if they are organizing the genetic information form the simplest to the most complex?

DNA, genes, chromosomes

Mrs. Wade is teaching a lesson to her 4th grade class on the period of a pendulum. She wants her students to perform a laboratory investigation to determine the effects of certain variables by asking them the following question: Does the mass of the object or the length of the string affect the period of the pendulum? She then has her class sorted in small groups, in which they construct their own pendulum and set out to design an experiment to answer this question. In order to minimize any possible inconsistencies in the data, Mrs.Wade might suggest which of the following to her students?

Each group performs several measurements and takes the average

Beans and coal both have stored energy. What correctly identifies where the energy that is stored in beans and coal comes from?

From the sun's light

How could pesticides cause deformities in frogs?

It interferes with DNA replication and gene production

Jessie enjoys hiking to the top of Rock Hill when he visits his grandparents ranch. He studies rocks and adds the best ones to his collection. After many summers of exploring, he has decided that Rock Hill was completely under water at one time. What would best support his conclusion?

Many of his rocks contain imprints of shells

After building a simple device to measure the Earth's air pressure, the teacher then asks the students to go to the internet to learn more and write a paragraph listing one benefit of integrating such an instrument in smartphones. What correctly represents the interconnected understanding of the concept the students just learned?

One benefit is that elevation readings derived from this instrumental inside the smartphone greatly improves navigation information for its GPS

How does studying acid rain's impact on vegetation help scientists understand that a change in pH in a diabetic will harm them due to acidosis?

Science is made of unifying concepts with similarities that can be used to infer

Fifth graders in Ms. Timmons class are struggling with understanding the water cycle. A common misconception among the students is that clouds create raindrops. How does the law of conservation of matter explain this process more accurately?

Since matter cannot be created, the water vapor in the air changes form from a gas state to a liquid state when it is cooled.

What is the primary advantage of designing and conducting laboratory experiments rather than relying on observations of the natural world?

Since selected variables can be controlled more easily in the laboratory than in the natural world, cause and effect relationships can be detected more readily.

Movies often create misconceptions in science because they have details for entertainment that are not true. For example, when a space ship explodes, there is sound. Why isn't there sound in space?

Sound is caused by a disturbance that transfers the energy through matter until it reaches an ear drum that transfers the disturbance to a sound in the brain. Space does not have matter such as air or water to transmit the disturbances.

Which statement most accurately predicts the present day conditions of these island hawk populations?

The hawks that landed on island B have evolved more than those on island A

Ms. Porters fourth graders are observing the moon twice per week for a period of two months. They will draw a diagram fo the moon and record the date of the observation in their lunar logs. Which of the following most accurately describes the concept students will learn from this activity?

The moon phases appear in a repeating cycle. This 29 day cycle can be observed during the two month time period.

Mr. Horn is teaching his 4th grade students about the process in which ions are formed. He asks students to role play the part of protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up 2 different atoms. HE then explains the process by which electrons are lost to the other "atom" while the actors role play for the rest of class. The strategy described in this passage is effective in aiding students understanding of this process primarily because

The role play allows students at this age to visualize a very abstract concept

Ms. Fulton is heating crayon shavings on a hot plate and then pressing them together between bricks and sheets of aluminum foil to illustrate the way sediments in the earth are heated and then pressured to form metamorphic rocks. Which additions to the activity is extremely important for students in understanding the concept about metamorphic rock formation?

The teacher should guide students in relating the hot plate and pressure from the bricks to what actually happens in the earth.

In a science experiment, 10 mL of solution A are added to a test tube containing 10 mL of solution B. The test tube is immediately sealed with a rubber stopper. The two solutions are both clear and colorless. As the two solutions mix, the test tube becomes warm and the contents become cloudy. Finally, as the test tube is left undisturbed for several minutes, a white solid settles to the bottom of the test tube covered by a layer of clear, colorless liquid. What is a correct conclusion about this chemical system from the beginning to the end of the experiment?

The total mass of the system remains unchanged

Tara put an ice cube in a jar, put the lid on the jar, then placed the jar on a scale. The jar and the ice cube weighed 3 units as shown in Diagram A above. Tara came back one hour later and the ice cube had melted. What best describes why the weight did or did not change?

The weight did not change and the arrow should point to 3 units because the melted ice is just in a different form.

An activity designed to introduce the metric system to 4th graders begins by asking students to use metric measurement to measure the length fo their foot, their height, and the length of the classroom. It then asks them to use a thermometer and record the temperature of the classroom in degrees Celsius and to use a metric scale to weigh themselves in grams. Why is this activity a good way to introduce the metric system?

This activity uses everyday objects and allows students to relate the metric measurements to the standard measurements with which they are already familiar.

Ms. Chen is incorporating the 5E model of science instruction in her 6th grade science lessons. The elaboration portion of the lesson requires the students to apply the concept learned in the exploration to a new situation. Why is it necessary for students to apply the concept in a different but related context?

This requires students to generalize the concept to a new situation and deepens their understanding

Ms. Chen is incorporating the 5E Model of science (Engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, evaluation) in her 6th grade science lessons. The elaboration portion of the lesson requires the students to apply the concept learned in the exploration to a new situation. Why is it necessary for students to apply the concept in a different but related context?

This requires students to generalize the concept to a new situation and deepens their understanding.

The nature club is planning a field trip to Piney park to collect plant specimens. According to the newspaper forecast, what day should they go on their field trip?

Thursday, because the ground will have more time to dry out

Is a hamburger an example of stored energy?

Yes, it stores chemical energy that can be converted to other forms of energy.

What is an example that would best illustrate an object being subjected to an unbalanced force?

a ball rolling off a table

Mr.Russ is planning a lesson on internal stimuli versus external stimuli for her 6th grade students. She wants to use photos of each type of stimulus. What would be the best example that illustrates internal stimulus?

a child drinks milk from a bottle when she is hungry

Students groups are observing and recording the activity levels of mealworms twice during the morning and twice during the afternoon periods. At the end of the two week period of time, the students will form their conclusions. What type of scientific investigation is described in this scenario?

a descriptive study

Elements are placed in specific places on the periodic table based on

according to their physical properties or the way that they look according to their chemical properties or the way that they act

what is the difference between an element and a compound?

an element is composed of only one kind of atom and cannot be separated into simpler substances. compounds are a combination of elements that are chemically bonded together.

All the following statements concerning exothermic reactions are correct

an exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction accompanied by the release of heat the energy needed for an exothermic reaction to occur is less than the total energy released the result of an exothermic reaction is the release of extra energy

In an experiment on photosynthesis, students were instructed to cover a portion of a leaf of a de-starched potted plant with opaque paper as shown in the figure above. Leaf "A"; was covered with a red strip; leaf "B"; with green, leaf "C"; with blue and leaf "D"; with black as shown in the picture above. When the starch test was done on the leaves after 4 hours, the result showed no starch in

any of the covered portions

Ms. Ivy is incorporating constructivism into her lesson on the phases of the moon. Students are to make observations and draw diagrams of the moon twice per week for a total of 6 weeks. In keeping with the ideas of constructivism, which of the following activities should Ms. Ivy use after her students have completed their moon logs?

ask students questions to help them identify patterns/cycles from the first month of the observations to the second month. With careful questioning, students will begin to see a cycle in the appearance of the moon

Ms. Corpora wants her 6th graders to understand the process used in scientific investigations. She wants them to realize that scientists continually form a hypothesis about ways to solve a problem, test the hypothesis, form a conclusion, and then revise the hypothesis and begin the process again until the problem is solved. What activity would most effectively help students understand this?

ask students to make a paper airplane that can fly at least 30 meters in a straight line. After students test the airplanes several times , she will stop them and ask them to think about the steps they went through from one trial to the next

Ms. Bess plans to peak her sixth grade students interest in genetics and heredity by introducing her unit with questions about twins. All the answers are true

children who are twins can be different genders identical twins are formed from the same fertilized egg even though twins may look the identical, they do have some variation in their genetic makeup

During a science activity the teacher, Ms.Sanderson, asked her 6th grade students to close their eyes and sit quietly for 2 minutes. She then asked them to run in place for 2 minutes and then identify the body systems that were affected by the exercise. Even though the list is incomplete, which of the following is the best answer to this question?

circulatory, excretory, muscular, and respiratory

The picture below shows a way you hook up a battery, three wires, a light bulb and any other component to the circuit. How could you use this apparatus to test an item to see if it is a conductor of electricity?

connect the item to be tested to the circuit by placing it in the gap shown and attached to both clips. the bulb will light up if the item conducts electricity

Mrs. Lara is teaching a lesson to her 4th grade class about the motion of a pendulum. She tied a string to one end of her yellow highlighter held the other end of the string fixed, pulled the highlighter back a small angle, and released it. The object went back and forth. She did this several times while asking the class about the differences in the pendulum before it was released and after it was set in motion. At one point Mrs. Lara asked the class whether the object would move faster at the bottom point if the object were held at a greater height above the ground and raised. It turned out that this was true. Her demonstration to the class is an example of

conservation of energy

Ms. Sullivan is teaching a lesson to her 2nd grade students on the environment and focuses on the adaptation and habitat of frogs. She wants her students to learn about the lifecycle of frogs., what they require in order to thrive, what they eat, and how they interact with other wildlife. What activity would have the most instructional impact on the students?

construct a terrarium with frogs

Ms. Philips is a beginning 1st grade science teacher. She understands she will be responsible for developing lessons and activities based on grade appropriate science curriculum. As she presents concepts and introduces her students to concepts embedded within a science lesson, she will want to focus on which of the following as a possible extension activity?

constructing models

You want to cook an egg in boiling water at the top of a mountain that is much higher than where you normally live. What, if anything, would you change in your normal cooking procedures in order to cook the egg to the same hardness?

cook it for a longer time

Elizabeth is treading water in a lake talking to her friends when she notices her feet feel cook while her arms and shoulders feel warm. From her science class, she knows that the sun's rays warm the surface of the water and cannot reach toward the bottom of the lake, but doesn't understand why the water doesn't mix and become the same temperature like bath water does. What is the reason for this?

cool water is more dense than warm water and stays on the bottom

If the forces acting upon an object are balanced, then the object

could be moving with a constant velocity

During a long distance run on a hot day, an athlete produces large quantities of sweat. As a result, the kidneys change the rate of urine production. Why is this change important?

decreased urine production allows the body to conserve water

A factor that contributes to hunger in a developing country and a solution for it would be

degradation of land; agricultural biotechnology

One reason each plant loses a different amount of water is that each has

different guard cells adapted to maintain homeostasis

The map above shows a meandering river. Points A and B are locations on the banks of the river. What are the dominant processes occurring at locations A and B?

erosion at both locations A and B

What statement could best be inferred from the information in this diagram?

evolutionary changes can result in extinction

Evolution refers to the changes in organisms over time from ancient times to the present day. Primitive horses for example were very small animals in comparison to present day horses. What would account for the changes in the appearance of organisms from ancient times to the present?

gene mutations and genetic drift natural selection migration from one area to another

Which is generally an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

greater variation in the genetic makeup of a population

Once pictures are drawn observing a spider and students share their picture, the class sees that they came up with different numbers of how many legs that the spider has, how should the teacher respond at this point?

have the children look carefully at the spider again to determine whether they need to change the number of legs on their drawings

How do rubrics and spending time reviewing expectations foster success in the classroom?

having a no secrets class means that grades are not a secret. Reviewing expectations and sharing assignment requirements communicates evaluation criteria

Middle school students are conducting investigations through surveys in their neighborhood to determine if their neighbors are knowledgeable about the effects of lawn fertilizers on Galveston Bay. What inference can likely be drawn from the results of this investigations?

ignorance about the effects of everyday household chemicals on the environment influences the way they are used

According to modern evolutionary theory, genes responsible for new traits that help a species survive in a particular environment will usually

increase in frequency

Raymond is on his skateboard moving with a certain amount of motion energy. He stops pushing forward and begins to slow down. While he is slowing down most of the energy is transformed into thermal energy of the rubbing wheel parts of the skateboard. The rest of the energy...

is transferred to the surroundings

The earth is surrounded by a blanket of air called the atmosphere. What is the true statement about the earth's atmosphere?

it is believed that the earth's atmosphere - currently composed of approximately 79 % nitrogen and 20% oxygen - originally had no oxygen

Writing a short paragraph listing one application of the accelerometer to their daily lives after researching on the internet , best describes the educational benefit that

it is important that students connect the science they are learning in school to the world around them

How is using a class competition and artful thinking a good method to foster inquiry in a science classroom?

learning is social and when students work together to generate questions and then evaluate the questions, they use engaging methods to refine and sort questions

A part fo de-starched leaf of a potted plant was covered with black paper strips on both sides and the plant was kept in sunlight for 8 hours. The leaf was then tested with iodine after boiling it in alcohol. Only the uncovered part of the leaf turned blue black. The inference is that

light is necessary for photosynthesis

Students in an elementary school class will be investigating whether various beverages and common household liquids are acids or bases. They will test liquids such as orange juice, milk, water, and ammonia. What tool would be appropriate for testing whether these liquids are acids or bases?

litmus paper

The diversity within the wild bird species in the diagram above can best be explained by which of the following processes?

natural selection

The resistors R1 and R2 are connected in

parallel in circuit 1 and series in circuit 2

Students in Mr. Weber's class are learning about cell structures. What is the major difference they should see between plant cells and animal cells?

plant cells have a cell wall that offers support and chloroplasts containing chlorophyll, and animal cells do not

During a life science unit, an elementary teacher places several sprouting bean plants in a windowless closet. She places a grow light so that the light shines on the plants from the right side. Students observe the growth of the plants for one week. The following week, the teacher moves the lamp to the left side of the plants. The students observe that the plant stems lean to the right during the first week and lean to the left during the second week. These results best demonstrate that

plant growth patterns are influenced by external stimuli

Most biologist once used a system to classify living things into five major groups or kingdoms. What were these groups?

plant, animal, monera, fungi, protist

On steep slopes along the sides of new roads, highway department workers often grow plants to prevent the soil from being eroded. Describe two ways that these plants keep the soil from eroding?

plants break the impact of rainfall on the soil and hold the soil in place to prevent erosion

Students in Mr. Rodriguez's 6th grade class are busy reviewing their folders containing graded assignments submitted during the first semester. They are asked to compare their knowledge and skills on assignments representing their first attempt at experimental design and then their most recent attempt. Which of the following most accurately describes the form of assessment Mr. Rodriguez was implementing during the process?

portfolios

Water droplets, prisms, and lenses in the eye all bend light. When light is bent from prisms or water drops in the sky, the individual colors spread out and form a rainbow. When the lens bends light in the eye, it focuses the light on the retina. What is the correct term to describe this phenomena?

refraction

Jennifer is digging in the sand at the beach during the summer break. She notices that the sand she is sitting on is very hot, but as she continues to dig down, the sand gets cooler. She asks her mom to explain this to her. What is the best explanation?

sand is an insulator or a poor conductor of thermal energy

When humans first domesticated dogs, there was relatively little diversity in the species. Today, there are many variations such as the German shepherd and the dalmation. The increase in diversity is most closely associated with

selective breeding

By having the students consider revisions in the design and conclusions formed during the experiment conducted at the beginning of the school year, Ms. Nero was demonstrating and understanding of the importance of

self-assessment

Some living things use a system of reproduction that is sexual while other organisms use asexual reproduction. Which type of reproduction is the most advantageous?

sexual reproduction because it provides a greater variety of organisms within the population

The similarities in the structure of the wings of birds and the fins of fish can be best attributed to

similarities in the functions of these appendages

Right before Anna was about to run in a long race, she drank a large glass of orange juice to get energy. What describes how the energy in the orange juice actually made its way from the sun?

solar energy to chemical energy in the tree to chemical energy in the orange to chemical energy in the orange juice

According to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce?

some individuals are better adapted o exist in their environment than others are

During a science activity, two students connect two paper cups with a long piece of string. When the students stretch the string tight, they are able to talk to one another by speaking into the cups. Describe the energy transformations that occur when someone speaks into this device.

sound energy to mechanical energy to sound energy

Which of the following conditions produce the most surface water runoff?

steep slope, heavy rain, and frozen ground

Which of the following profiles best describes the general depositional pattern that occurs when water from a stream enters the ocean?

stream, pebbles, sand, silt, clay

The series of glaciers that covered parts of the North American continent in the past were most directly responsible for creating which of the following surface features?

the Great Lakes

True statements about the relationship between force and motion

the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the force acting on it as the mass of an object increases, the amount of force needed to move the object increases whenever an object pushes another object, it gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard

If a rainstorm washed some fertilizer from a nearby field into the pond, what would happen to the algae in the pond system after one month?

the amount of algae would increase

A box on a table is subjected to a push from the left. At the same time, it is subjected to a push with greater force directly opposite on the right. What statement describes what will happen to the box?

the box will move toward the left side of the table

What best explains why it is important for dead animals and plants in the pond system to be broken down?

the breakdown of dead things provides food to plants

Garbage is a big problem. In many cities and towns, garbage is taken away to landfills, which are often called "dumps". Some landfills are very big and may cover hundreds of acres. But even these big landfills are getting full and may have to be closed. Recycling is a good idea for solving the garbage problem. What do you think is an advantage of recycling?

the cost of conserving natural resources

What is an advantage of recycling?

the cost of conserving natural resources

Which of the following accurately describes what we know about the earth's crust?

the earth's crust is divided into seven "plates" that move around in different directions and sometimes crash into one another

During the warm temperatures of summer, the arctic fox produces enzymes that cause its fur to become reddish brown. During the cold temperatures of winter, these enzymes do not function. As a result, the fox has a white coat that blends into the snowy background. The change in fur color shows that

the expression of certain genes is affected by temperature

What do the arrows below in the algae, shrimp, fish, seal, and polar bear food chain indicate?

the flow of energy through the food chain from the algae to the polar bear

Description of the molecular structure of a gas

the particles are arranged at random and are so far apart that there is no force of attraction between them

Suppose that one spring a new type of large fish was put into the pond. So many were put in that there was twice as many fish as before. By the end of summer, what would happen to the large fish that were already in the pond?

the population would decrease

What is the correct sequence in the life cycle of a butterfly?

the pupa develops from the caterpillar

Mr. Horn is teaching his 4th grade students about the process in which ions are formed. He asks students to role play the part of protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up 2 different atoms. He then explains the process by which electrons are lost to the other "atom" while the actors role play for the rest of the class. The strategy described in this passage is effective in aiding students' understanding of this process primarily because

the role play allows students at this age to visualize a very abstract concepts

All are examples of erosion

the wind in the desert blows sand against a rock a glacier picks up boulders as it moves a flood washes over a riverbank, and the water carries small soil particles downstream

Plants are called producers in a food chain because they produce their own energy. How do plants produce their own energy?

through a process called photosynthesis, plants capture energy from the sun and form glucose

A group of cells working together to carry out a particular job is called _______. A group of these working together to carry out a particular job are called _________. A group of these working together to do a particular job are called a(n)_________. A group of these working together to do a particular job make up a(n) ___________.

tissue, organs, system, organism

Students were given 2 trails at a time and required to draw conclusions. The first conclusion from the data differed from the final conclusion once all of the data was revealed. What was the purpose for this activity?

to demonstrate that repeated trails increase the reliability of data

Cleopatra's Needle is a large stone monument that stood in an Egyptian desert for thousands of years before it was moved to New York City's Central Park. After a few years, its surface began crumbling. What probably caused this crumbling and how can further damage be prevented to the monument in its present location?

traffic vibrations; carpooling

Most of the water vapor in the atmosphere is found in the

troposphere

What is the benefit of using journals, written reports, and projects over formal multiple choice assessments in terms of monitoring student understanding?

using products offers a window into student thinking and opportunities to coach with feedback

A student placed a piece of chalk in a jar of vinegar. The student observed the jar each day and saw that the chalk got smaller each day. The student was probably trying to learn how

weathering changes rocks