sickle cell study guide/quiz

During the human life cycle, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm results in__

A diploid zygote

Where within the lungs does gas exchange occurs?

Alveoli

If the codon is CCA, what is the anticodon and what amino acid will be inserted?

GGU, proline

Meiosis is different from mitosis in that meiosis__

Results in four haploid daughter cells that are genetically diverse, whereas, mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical.

In humans, male gametes are called__, while female gametes are called__.

Sperm; eggs

Which of the following best describes the overall goal of transcription?

To create a mRNA copy of a segment of DNA to take outside the nucleus.

Sickle-cell disease results in a malformed hemoglobin molecule. Which cell type contains millions of hemoglobin per cell?

red blood cells

Complete the following sentences: Hemoglobin functions in ___ cells and carries ____ to all cells of the body

red blood; oxygen

Variations in genes are called__. Examples of these variations include eye color. There are blue eyes, brown eyes, and several combinations of these.

Alleles

During metaphase 1 of meiosis, genetic information is exchanged between two homologous chromosomes, resulting in new combinations of alleles. This process is called__.

Crossing over

What is the name of the enzyme that fits new complementary DNA nucleotides into the new strand?

DNA Polymerase

The method of determining the exact nucleotide order of a sequence of DNA is called __ and is now an automated process that involves fluorescent dyes and automated machines.

DNA sequencing

Which of the following is the main difference between in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy?

Ex vivo gene therapy occurs outside the body and in vivo gene therapy occurs inside the body

Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable?

Eye colored

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a hemoglobin molecule?

Hemoglobin is comprised of four globin molecules, each with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen.

Sickle-cell disease results in misshapen red blood cells. What impact does this have on their ability to carry gasses in the bloodstream?

It reduces their ability to carry oxygen, resulting in anemia.

Sickle-cell disease causes hemoglobin proteins to become altered. What direct effect does this have on red blood cells?

Red blood cells shrivel up causing too many of them to flow through capillaries at increasing blood pressure

DNA replication is considered to be __ because the end product consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Semiconservative

Erwin Chargaff's research determined the composition of the nitrogen bases within a strand of DNA. His work determined that__

The percent of adenine is equal to the percent of thymine and the percent of cytosine is equal to the percent of guanine.

Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means___

Two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed

Humans have two sex chromosomes that are named based on their shape. Males have (an)__ and females have (an)__.

X and Y chromosome; two X chromosomes

Sickle-cell disease is a disorder that is caused by__

a single mutation on a single gene

Which of the following best describes the definition of the gene?

genetic information that produces a product, either proteins or RNA

sickle-cell disease is a disorder that results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. What is the result of this in terms of hemoglobin functions?

hemoglobin has a reduced ability to bind to and transport oxygen in red blood cells

During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using an RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?

tRNA