Skipper Egypt Study Guide

How many dynasties ruled over Egypt during its 3,000 year history?

31 dynasties ruled over Egypt during its 3,000 year history.

Define Command Economy

A Command Economy is an economy where the government controls all the means of production, such as land, labor, and machinery.

Define Delta

A delta is a fertile area created by sediment from a river.

Define Dynasty

A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family.

Define flood plain

A flood plain is the flat land around the river.

Define Stylus

A stylus is a type of pen that was used by scribes to write on papyrus.

Define anatomy

Anatomy is the study of the inside of the human body.

Define Basins

Basins are depressions that can hold water. These were used for irrigation.

What group was most responsible for the cultural diffusion of Egypt to places like Kush?

Craftsmen and merchants were most responsible for the cultural diffusion of Egypt to places like Kush.

During the mummification process, what visceral organs were removed?

During the mummification process, they had to remove the heart, lungs, kidney, and brain.

Why did Egypt become the wealthiest civilization in the ancient world?

Egypt became the wealthiest civilization in the ancient world because they relied on the riches they received from the Nile River and its valley.

What did Egypt import from Lebanon and Nubia?

Egypt imported cedar, gold, and cypress from the forests of Lebanon and Nubia.

On which continent is Egypt located?

Egypt is located in the northeastern portion of Africa.

What were Egypt's four major exports?

Egypt's four major exports were wheat, barley, papyrus, and linen.

What did Egyptian doctors do as well as modern doctors?

Egyptian doctors made detailed and accurate medical drawings, similar to what modern doctors use, that were as accurate as modern textbook drawings. Egyptian doctors also set broken bones as well as modern doctors in emergency rooms.

Why were Egyptian doctors often sent to other nations?

Egyptian doctors were often sent to other nations because their pharaoh sent them to treat the important members of the countries they were in good terms with.

How did Egyptian slavery differ from slavery in many other cultures?

Egyptian slavery differed from slavery in many other cultures because the children of enslaved people became enslaved by their parents' owners.

Was Egyptian slavery perpetual for family members?

Egyptian slavery was not perpetual for family members because enslaved people could buy their freedom if they had enough money.

Why did the Egyptians have bad teeth?

Egyptians had bad teeth because the food they ate often had a lot of sand in it.

What class supplied the majority of the labor to build the pyramids, temples, and other infrastructure?

Farmers supplied the majority of the labor to build the pyramids, temples, and other infrastructure.

Define Gram

Gram is the Greek word for sign. Logograms are pictures that represent an idea or word.

What queen became a Pharaoh of Egypt?

Hatshepsut became a Pharaoh of Egypt.

Hatshepsut built temples to honor what Egyptian Deity?

Hatshepsut built temples to honor Amon-Re.

What odd behavior did the queen exhibit to demonstrate her power as the Pharaoh?

Hatshepsut wore male clothing and a beard.

In what area of Egypt is Hatshepsut's burial tomb located?

Hatshepsut's burial tomb is located in Thebes.

Define Hieroglyphic

Hieroglyphics is a system combining logograms and phonograms to create a form of writing. The word hieroglyphics means "sacred carving".

Define Hieroglyphics

Hieroglyphics were a system of picture symbols that the Egyptians used.

What British archeologist discovered Tutankhamen's tomb in 1922?

Howard Carter discovered Tutankhamen's tomb in 1922.

What was discovered in Rashid in 1799?

In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was discovered in Rashid.

Why is King Tutankhamen's tomb so well known?

King Tutankhamen's tomb is so well known because it remained hidden for centuries. Most tombs were robbed, so the contents of the tomb were very valuable.

Define Kohl

Kohl is thick eyeliner that the Egyptians used.

What three kingdoms subjugated Egypt during the Third Intermediate Period?

Kush, Libya, and Persia subjugated Egypt during the Third Intermediate Period.

Define Logo

Logo is the Greek word for word. Logograms are pictures that represent an idea or word.

Who was the Egyptian deity of Truth?

Maat was the Egyptian deity of truth.

What green eyeshadow help protect the Egyptians' eyes from harm?

Malachite helped protect the Egyptians' eyes from harm.

Why did many people sell themselves into slavery?

Many people sold themselves into slavery to pay off their debts.

How many stones make up the Great Pyramid?

More than two million limestone and granite blocks were used to build the Great Pyramid.

How did most Egyptian priests demonstrate their cleanliness?

Most Egyptian priests demonstrated their cleanliness by shaving their heads.

Define Murals

Murals are wall paintings that were often found inside tombs.

Why did organized governments develop in Egypt?

Organized governments developed in Egypt because many people came to Egypt to help with agricultural and irrigation projects, which started creating larger settlements.

Define Papyrus

Papyrus was a reed that grew in the Nile River.

How were people of different classes depicted in murals?

People of lower class were depicted a lot smaller than the pharaoh.

What was weighed on the Scale of Ma'at?

People's hearts were weighed after they died on the scale of Ma'at.

Define Phono

Phono is the Greek word for sound. Phonograms are pictures used to represent a sound.

How does Pi-Ramesses reflect the hubris of the pharaoh?

Pi-Ramesses reflects the hubris of the pharaoh by stating that everyone should honor his victories by living in a city named after him.

Define Polytheism

Polytheism is the worship of many gods.

What Pharaoh ruled Egypt for 60 years?

Ramses ll ruled Egypt for 60 years.

Define Scribes

Scribes were official government recorders that wrote down changes on clay or papyrus.

How were soldiers often rewarded?

Soldiers were often rewarded with gifts, including land and servants.

What secular roles did the priesthood have?

Some secular roles included giving the pharaoh political advice and performing judicial duties.

What canal could be used for transportation during the flood season?

The Canal of the Pharaohs, or the Suez Canal, could be used for transportation during the flood season.

Between what years did the Early Dynastic Period exist?

The Early Dynastic Period existed between 2925-2575 BCE.

Who was the Egyptian deity of Death?

The Egyptian deity of death was Anubis.

Who was the Egyptian deity of Fertility?

The Egyptian deity of fertility was Isis.

Who was the Egyptian deity of the Underworld and resurrection?

The Egyptian deity of the Underworld and resurrection was Osiris.

Who was the Egyptian deity of the desert and violence?

The Egyptian deity of the desert and violence was Seth.

Who was the Egyptian deity of the sky?

The Egyptian deity of the sky was Horus.

What jobs did the Egyptian military have during peacetime?

The Egyptian military continued to work for the government, digging irrigation canals for farms or building temples.

What type goods did Egyptians believe were needed in the afterlife?

The Egyptians believed they needed material goods, such as food and clothing.

What did the Egyptians import from Afghanistan?

The Egyptians imported lapis lazuli from Afghanistan.

Where did the Egyptians import the majority of its gold from?

The Egyptians imported most of their gold from Nubia.

Between what years did the First Intermediate Period exist?

The First Intermediate Period existed between 2130-1938 BCE.

In which area of Egypt is Great Pyramid located?

The Great Pyramid is located in Giza.

What Pharaoh is created building the Great Pyramid?

The Great Pyramid of Giza was constructed by King Khufu.

What group of people conquered Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period?

The Hyksos conquered Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.

Between what years did the Middle Kingdom exist?

The Middle Kingdom existed between 1938-1630 BCE.

Between what years did the New Kingdom exist?

The New Kingdom existed between 1540-1075 BCE.

Where does the Nile River form?

The Nile River forms in Khartoum, Sudan, at the meeting place of the White Nile and Blue Nile rivers.

In what country does the Nile begin?

The Nile begins in the country of present-day Uganda.

What was the Nile dry season known as?

The Nile dry season was known as Shomu.

What was the Nile flood season known as?

The Nile flood season was known as Akhet.

In what direction does the Nile flow?

The Nile flows northward to Egypt.

What was the Nile recession of flood water season known as?

The Nile recession of flood water season was known as Peret.

Between what years did the Old Kingdom exist?

The Old Kingdom existed between 2575-2130 BCE.

What was the Pyramid at Giza originally encased in?

The Pyramid at Giza was originally encased in limestone.

Between what years did the Second Intermediate Period exist?

The Second Intermediate Period existed between 1630-1540 BCE.

Between what years did the Third Intermediate Period exist?

The Third Intermediate Period existed between 1075-656 BCE.

What did the Ancient Egyptians call the Nile?

The ancient Egyptians called the Nile Ar or Aur, which described the silt it carried.

What European concept developed from the close association with the pharaoh and the gods?

The concept of "divine right" of kings in Europe developed from the close association with the pharaoh and the gods.

The concept of Ma'at is similar to what Chinese doctrine/belief?

The concept of Ma'at is similar to the Chinese belief of Communism.

Why was the discovery at Rashid so important?

The discovery at Rashid was so important because it allowed scholars to finally decipher the hieroglyphics using the Greek translation.

Who was the first person to unite Upper and Lower Egypt?

The first person to unite Upper and Lower Egypt was Menes, king of Upper Egypt.

Which social groups believed in mummification?

The higher social classes got the better mummification treatment. The poorer Egyptians were often buried in simple graves with few possessions.

What is the longest river in the world?

The longest river in the world is the Nile River.

What were the major jobs of Egyptian priests?

The major jobs of Egyptian priests were carrying out rituals at temples, performing healings, leading ceremonies, providing advice to the Egyptian people, working closely with the pharaoh, and performing judicial duties.

What was the major purpose of Egyptian murals?

The major purpose of Egyptian murals was to express important values and beliefs.

What major source of slavery in ancient Egypt?

The major source of slavery in ancient Egypt consisted of foreigners who had been captured in battles.

What was the occupation of most Egyptians?

The occupation of most Egyptians was farming.

What were the only reason something would be written down in Egypt?

The only reasons something would be written down in Egypt included important matters such as recording business transactions, writing treaties, setting taxes, and documenting important events.

The pharaoh was believed to be an avatar of what Egyptian deity?

The pharaoh was believed to be an avatar of the god Horus.

When did the pharaohs begin the construction of their pyramids or tombs?

The pharaohs began the construction of their pyramids or tombs long before they took the throne.

How could the priesthood be viewed as dynastic?

The priesthood could be viewed as dynastic because they often passed their jobs down through their families.

In what area of Egypt were the three major ancient cities located?

The three major ancient cities were located along the side of the Nile River, where farming and agriculture was good.

What were the three major cities of ancient Egypt?

The three major cities of ancient Egypt were Thebes, Memphis, and Giza.

What were the three major roles of slaves in Egyptian society?

The three major roles of slaves in Egyptian society were servants in households, laborers in fields, and dangerous jobs below ground in copper or gold mines.

What two rivers make up the Nile's major tributaries?

The two rivers that make up the Nile's major tributaries are the Blue Nile and the Atbarah River.

How did Thutmose III attempt to remove the memory of his stepmother?

Thutmose lll attempted to remove the memory of his stepmother by erasing all records of his stepmother's reign and dedicating all monuments built for her to the rulers who came before her.

Thutmose III gained territory from what kingdom to the south?

Thutmose lll gained territory from Southwest Asia to Kush, which is to the south.

Define Tributaries

Tributaries are rivers that eventually flow into another larger body of water.

Define Viziers

Viziers were people who oversaw the central government and ministry of agriculture, but their power is second to that of the pharaoh.