Small Ruminants: Ovine, Caprine and Camelids
pseudoruminants
3 chambers, chamber 1- rumen, chamber 2- reticulum and chamber 3- abomasum
goat pulse
70-90bpm
sheep pulse
70-90bpm
Topline
Line formed by the withers, back, loin, and croup
dose syringe
To administer liquid medications orally, often used for deworming
Drench-matic dose syringe
To administer oral liquid medications without multiple reloading of the syringe
Hampshire Sheep
brownish black head and legs, wool cap, sire breed in commercial production
goat nutrition
browsers, type of herbivore which feed on leaves, soft shoots or fruits of high-growing, generally woody, plants such as shrubs, lambs and kids should have free choice access to creep feed starting at 2 WEEKS of age
goat restraint
by the beard (isn't recommended), horns grabbed near the base, do not restrain by ears, lateral recumbency
stifle joint
knee
Tennessee fainting goat
less preferred for meat, have myotonia
Toggenburg Goat
dairy goat, crosses are at suny delhi
sheep restraint
do not grab by the wool, care when using horns, setting up or pumping, shepards crook- never used below the hock and not on the front limbs or neck
sheep nutrition
grazers, eat grass
goat behavior
gregarious=talkative, inquisitive, love human touch and affection, can be aggressive, lack strong herding behavior
doe kid
female under 1 year
goat uses
fiber, meat, milk, companions, land management
Rambouillet Sheep
fine wool sheep, from france, all ewes are polled
camelid behavior
generally gentle but may spit regurgitated stomach contents at humans when agitated. relaxed: ears up, slightly rotated forward, tails lie flat against anus agitated: hold ears up but back towards neck extremely agitated: ears down and towards neck, tail lifts and may spit
nubian goat
most popular dairy breed, high butter fat. droopy ear. known as jersey milk of goats
Alpaca/Llama
order: artiodactyla family: camildae
olecranon
point of elbow
camelid restraint
some are halter trained, may spit or bite so restrainer can direct head away from personnel working on animal, towel can be laid across the muzzle to prevent spitting hold hand around the head, under the chin, rest other hand on the shoulder with slight pressure, no direct eye contact and avoid handling ears, can use stocks and chutes but not too much
new world camelids
south american camelids (sac), llamas, alpacas, vicuna\ and guanaco
herding
strong flocking instinct, behave as a group, point of balance, flight zone is large and injury/ collapse could create injury during capture
hock
tarsal joint
pin bone
tuber ischii
llama eruption of teeth
this allows llama aging of up to 5 years
routine floating
this is not recommended unless there's a dental issue in llamas and alpacas
sheep generally are
timid, easily frightened, seldom aggressive
imprinted males
treat humans as if they are another llama, orphaned or bottle trained males can be extremely dangerous
goat and sheep don't have
upper incisors, instead they have a dental pad
doe/nanny
mature female goat
buck/billy goat
mature male
boer goat
meat goat, crossbreed at suny delhi
lamancha goat
meat goat, lacks external pinna, tattoo on the underside of the tail
uses for sheep
meat, dairy, fiber, show, companion
dorset sheep
medium wool breed, will breed out of season, suny delhi has a crossbreed
suffolk sheep
medium wool, popular for producing market lambs in the us
chevoit sheep
medium wool, white face and legs with black hooves and nostrils, breed polled with small erect ears
small kids are usually held
in the lap for small procedures
lamb restraint
*One hand under the body, while the other hand supports the neck, Castration and tail docking restraint
top of shoulder
10
camelid respiration
10-30 rpm
goat temperature
101-104F
sheep temperature
101-104F
sheep respiration
12-25rpm
goat respiration
12-30rpm
sheep and goat dental formula
2 (I 0/3, C 0/1, PM 3/3, M 3/3) = 32 teeth
llama/alpaca dentition
2 (I 1/3, C 1/1, PM 2(1)/2(1), M 3/3)= 28-32 teeth 6 total upper incisors 2 total lower incisors
french alpine goat
2 white stripes down the face, crossbreeds at suny delhi
molar frequently absent
3rd PM
fighting teeth
3rd upper incisor and the upper and lower canines, total of 8 fighting teeth. females and castrated males may or may not possess these teeth
camelid pulse
60-90 bpm
molar always present
4th PM
camelid temperature
99-101.5 F
pastern
Area of the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals
tuber coxae
Hooks; Large animal only ends on ilium
fetlock joint
Metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint (joint between the cannon bone and the long pastern bone [phalanx I]) in ungulates.
cheek teeth
PM 3, PM 4, M1, M2, M3, grind forages
lambing
act of parturition
dam
adult female camelid
capturing sheep
at risk for hyperthermia, minimize working with them, be efficient, proper support when rumping, try to work with them during dawn and dusk
Old world camelids
bactrian and dromedary, aka humped camels
proper capture for sheep
bend over, arm around neck and the other arm is hugging the body
kush
can be safely restrained in this way of sternal recumbency
gelding
castrated male camelid
wether
castrated male sheep/goat
wether lamb
castrated neonate
south american camelids
differences between llama and alpacas: height: alpacas - 3ft llamas- 4ft size: alpacas- 150-200 lbs llama- 280-450 lbs topline: alpacas: curved rump llama- straight
angora goat
common fiber breed, mohair silk-like fabric or yarn made from the hair of the angora goat, cashmere refers to the soft undercoat produced by most caprine breeds, except the angora, no true cashmere breed
Finnish sheep
commonly have 3-6 lambs a year, suny delhi has a crossbreed, with a lot of lambs you can have feeding problems
pygmy goat
companion breed
small ruminant vs camelids
even toed ungulates are the family camildae with 3 stomach chambers, rather than 4 chambers
Artiodactyla
even-toed ungulates, goats and sheep
merino sheep
have fine wool, originally came from Spain, 3 types (ABC) and C is the most popular type
ewe
intact female sheep
ram lamb
intact male neonate
hind saddle
loin and leg
lincoln sheep
long wool, long ringlets of wool
stud
male llama used to breed females
buck kid
male under 1 year
romanov sheep
maternal strengths: 4-6 lambs per birth
lamb
neonate
cria
neonate camelid
kid
neonate goat
missing chamber from camelids
omasum
body count score for sheep and goats
on a scale of 1-5, score 1-spinous and transverse processes are sharp and no fat is detectable on the loin area. score 5- these animals are obese, with a midline concavity running over the spinous process
kidding
parturition in goats
tuber ischii
pin
4 chambers of ruminant stomach
reticulum. rumen, omasum, abomasum
creep feeding
simple way to supplement grass and milk of unweaned animals with the feed not available to the mother