Smartbook Chapter 8 Part 1

For a many-electron atom, which of the following sublevels has the highest energy? 3p 3s 4s 3d

3d Reason: The order of filling is 3s, 3p, 4s, and then 3d, so the 3d sublevel has the highest energy.

Using the periodic table, place the sublevels in the correct order for placing electrons. Start with the first sublevel to be filled at the bottom of the list.

3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p

Which orbitals are the last orbitals being filled in the actinide series?

5f

Which of the following is the correct orbital diagram for the ground state of carbon?

A

When drawing an orbital diagram, orbitals of _____ energy are filled first. By convention, the _____ electron in a given orbital is designated as ↑ and the direction of the arrow indicates the electron _____.

lower; first; spin

The spin quantum number is represented by the symbol ______ and has the possible values ______, corresponding to the two directions of the electron's magnetic field.

ms; +1/2 and -1/2

Electron configuration can be designated using a shorthand notation of the general form nl# (e.g., 1s2). Match each letter and number in the notation with its correct meaning.

n --> Principal energy level or shell of the relevant electrons l --> Sublevel of the relevant electrons # --> Number of electrons in the given sublevel

n --> __________ l --> ___________ ml --> ___________ ms --> ___________

n --> Size (energy) of orbital l --> Shape of orbital ml --> Orientation of orbital ms --> Spin of electron

A condensed electron configuration includes the element symbol of the _____ gas that is _____ to the relevant element in square brackets, followed by the configuration of the energy level being filled.

noble; prior

Which of the following options is an acceptable electron configuration for hydrogen?

1s^1 Reason: The only acceptable electron configuration for hydrogen is 1s1. The principal quantum number and the number of electrons are always specified.

Which of the following elements exhibit an irregular filling pattern of the orbitals? Select all that apply.

Cu Cr

Which of the following statements correctly describe the spin quantum number of the electron? Select all that apply.

The spin quantum number is a property of the electron itself. The spin quantum number has values of +1/2 or -1/2.

Which sublevels may be utilized in constructing a partial orbital diagram for a Period 3 element? Select all that apply.

3p 3s

Which of the following electron configurations are associated with increased stability? Select all that apply.

A full valence shell or level A filled sublevel A half-filled sublevel

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to place electrons in orbitals of the same sublevel? Select all that apply.

All unpaired electrons in a sublevel should have parallel spins. One electron must be placed in each orbital of equal (degenerate) energy before electrons are paired up.

Which of the following statements correctly reflects the most important consequence of Pauli's exclusion principle?

An atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons as long as they have opposite spins.

Which of the following statements correctly describe how an orbital diagram is constructed? Select all that apply.

An individual orbital is represented by a box or line. Orbitals may be listed horizontally or vertically. Electrons are placed by filling lower energy levels first.

In the Period 6 inner transition element series, the 4f orbitals begin to be filled after the element _____.

La Reason: In the Period 6 inner transition element series, the 4f orbitals are filled after La. Ce is the first element to contain a 4f electron.

Which element has the ground-state electron configuration 1s22s22p3?

N

According to the quantum-mechanical model, which element will have similar chemical properties to an element with Z = 7?

P (Phosphorus) Reason: Nitrogen (Z = 7) is in Group 5A (15) and will have similar properties to other Group 5A (15) elements, such as P.

Which of the following options correctly describe the order in which sublevels (designated by nl) are most commonly filled with electrons? Select all that apply. (Ignore anomalous electron configurations.)

The 1s sublevel must be filled before electrons are placed in the 2s orbital. The 3d orbitals are generally filled after the 4s orbital.

Which of the following statements correctly describe ground-state electron configurations? Select all that apply.

The ground-state electron configuration has the lowest-energy distribution of the electrons. The ground-state electron configurations are the basis for the recurring pattern of chemical behavior.

Which of the following options correctly interpret the electron configuration 1s22s22p3? Select all that apply.

There are two electrons in the 1s sublevel. The two electrons in the 2s sublevel have opposite spin. The electrons in the 2p orbitals might be spinning either clockwise or counterclockwise.

Which of the following accounts for the observation that Li, Na, K, and Cs have similar chemical properties?

They have the same outer electron configuration.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a partial orbital diagram?

This diagram includes only the orbitals containing the outer and/or valence electrons of the element.

The electron _____________ of an element shows the distribution of electrons within the electronic energy levels of the atom.

configuration

Rank the sublevels for a particular principal energy level in order of decreasing energy for a many-electron atom. Place the lowest energy sublevel at the bottom of the list.

highest ...f... ...d... ...p... ...s... lowest

The electron configuration of an element describes _____.

the distribution of electrons in the orbitals of its atoms

The Pauli _________ principle guarantees that no two electrons in the same atom have the same quantum number description. This means that the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated by any orbital is ______.

exclusion; 2/two/two of opposite spin/2 of opposite spin

The lowest-energy distribution of electrons in the sublevels for an atom of a particular element is called the _____________ state electron configuration for that element. This is a close relationship between this distribution and the position of the element on the ___________ table, since electron configuration determines both the chemical and physical ____________________ of an element.

ground; periodic; properties, behavior, characteristics, traits, attributes, or behaviors

Elements that are in the same ______________ of the periodic table will have the same ____________________ electron configuration and will have very similar chemical _____________________.

group or family outer, valence, valence shell, outermost, or outer shell behavior, properties, reactivity, or reactions

The electron configuration filling patterns of some elements in Group 6B(6) and Group 1B(11) reflect the ______ of half-filled and completely filled sublevels.

increased stability

Select all the options that correctly complete the sentence: The ground-state electron configuration _____.

obeys the aufbau principle obeys Hund's rule

Hund's rule states that when a sublevel contains several orbitals of equal energy, ______________________ electron(s) must be placed in each orbital before electrons are _______________________.

one, 1, single, unpaired, individual, a single, lone, an, or singular paired, paired up, spin-paired, spin paired, or coupled

The first three quantum numbers describe the _______ a particular electron is in whereas the fourth quantum number describes the ____ of an electron.

orbital/atomic orbital; spin

An electron not only moves around the nucleus but also _____________ on its own axis, thus generating a tiny _____________ field. The direction of this field is described by the _______________ quantum number, ms, which is not related to any specific orbital but is a property of the electron itself.

rotates/spins/revolves; magnetic; spin/electron spin/fourth/4th/last

Which of the following is the correct condensed electron configuration for selenium (Z = 34)?

[Ar] 4s23d104p4

Which of the following is the correct condensed electron configuration for titanium (Z = 22)?

[Ar] 4s23d2

What is the correct ground-state electron configuration for Mo (Z = 42)?

[Kr] 5s14d5

Which of the following is the correct condensed electron configuration for the element S (Z = 16)?

[Ne] 3s23p4