Soc 1 - Inquizitive Chapter 3 2017

Which of the following statements accurately describes culture?

- Culture includes both symbolic and material elements. - Culture acts as a lens through which individuals view the world. - Culture is handed down from generation to generation.

Which of the following correctly describes the concept of "equal opportunity for all"?

- It is a value held by some cultures but not others.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the ways that sociologists focus on culture?

- Sociologists often focus on culture within their own society. - Sociologists may engage in the process of "othering" by studying the unusual, extraordinary, or deviant in cultural groups.

Which of the following are examples of cultural leveling?

- The existence of Walmart, Starbucks, McDonald's and other chain stores in the vast majority of American towns. - The worldwide dominance of American music, movies, and other media in many countries throughout Europe and Asia.

Which of the following are examples of moral holidays?

- halloween - the night in the home city of the team that wins the Super Bowl

Which of the following elements could be considered culture?

- historical artifacts - films - style of dress

Relative to American culture today, which of the following could be considered a subculture?

- skateboarders - hunting enthusiasts

Which of the following are examples of cultural diffusion?

- the spread of hip-hop music among white youth - the spread of anime programs like Dragon Ball airing in the United States during the last two decades

Identify each statement as a value, a norm, or neither.

- value: treat police officers with respect norm: striking a police officer is against the law. neither: police officers are more important to society than firefighters or teachers.

Order each ritual according to its appearance in Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema."

1. An individual enters the shrine room 2. An individual bows her head before the charm-box 3. An individual mingles different sorts of holy water in the font 4. An individual proceeds with a brief of ablution

Cultural - usually occurs in the direction from more-developed to less-developed nations, while cultural - occurs when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another. A third type of cultural change is cultural -, or the imposition of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through - rather than by -

1. diffusion 2. leveling 3. imperialism 4. media and consumer products 5. military force

- culture not only includes signs, gestures, and language, but also values and norms. - are specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden, while - often include severe repercussions and public condemnation. The most powerful of all norms are -.

1. symbolic 2. laws 3. mores 4. taboos

Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is about what group of people?

Americans

Which of the following is an example of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

An indigenous people have no equivalent words for planet, Earth or world. They do not view a macro picture of multiple planets.

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

It is the idea that language structures thought and that ways of looking at the world are embedded in language

What is one of the main points that Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" demonstrates?

It is to take one's own culture for granted

Otaku culture originated in what country?

Japan

militia movement

Members of this group hold that gun control, environmental protection laws, and other legislation violate individual and states' rights. They are inspired by events like the FBI's 1993 siege of the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, to call for armed grassroots organization.

Place the following technological changes in order from first to last.

TV -> Internet -> Smart Phones -> Self-Parking Cars

Moral Holiday

a specified place or time period during which some norm violations are allowed.

Which pair of concepts consists of two direct opposites?

ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

Identify each scenario as ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, or neither.

ethnocentrism: an American believes that learning a foreign language is not worth the time because English is the superior language. cultural relativism: an American believes that other languages should be respected and valued equally to English. neither: an American believes that he should learn Spanish because it could be of value to him.

We occasionally see stories in the media about a high profile individual, such as a religious or political leader who gets caught doing something the society views as wrong, despite the individual often being seen as a moral leader. These are examples of a disconnect between which two cultural concepts?

ideal and real culture

Which of the following cultural concepts correctly classifies the idea of equality in the United States?

ideal culture

Real Culture

many people slip up and violate these norms, thus falling short of maintaining these values on occasion.

According to the textbook, and research by sociologist Philip Howard, what technology influenced the Arab Spring protest movement?

social media

Which of the following are simply subcultures and which are counterculture groups?

subculture: - marathon runners - comic book fans - motorcycle riders counterculture: - computer hackers

Ideal Culture

suggests that we be faithful to our spouses, engage in only limited alcohol use, and obey all traffic laws

Identify each statement as a value, a norm, or neither.

value: All people should have the chance to advance by "pulling themselves up by their bootstraps." norm: Race-based job discrimination is illegal. neither: There is no inherent difference between different races.

Identify each scenario as violating a folkway, a more, or neither.

Folkway: a man walking down the street with no shirt on More: a woman walking down the street with no shirt on Neither: a three-year-old walking down the street with no shirt on

Identify the following as examples of either material or nonmaterial culture.

Material: - smartphones - a social media service, such as facebook Nonmaterial: - "do not feed the trolls" as a norm in online discussion forums - texting in place of spoken conversation

Which of the following is a characteristic of otaku culture?

Otaku culture is an example of the East influencing the West

According to the textbook, what is culture?

culture is the entire way of life of a group of people that acts as a lens through which one views the world and that is passed from one generation to the next

Type the term that encapsulates the idea of someone reflexively believing his culture is naturally superior to others, and often judging other cultures by his own values.

ethnocentrism

Although American culture is highly visible worldwide via the media, the moral and political values of the country are not highly visible.

false

Which of the following provides an arena for playing out culture wars?

media

Identify the means of enforcing norms that includes positive and negative versions.

sanctions

Which of the following are values shared by most Americans and which are values in which Americans often differ?

shared: - freedom - democracy differing: - individualism - self-fulfilment

Any physical object that has social meaning can be considered a part of material culture.

true

For a group of people with distinctive values and behaviors to be considered a subculture, there must be general agreement within the group about which values are embraced and the extent to which shared meaning can be agreed upon by its members.

true

Modern cultural imperialism is most closely linked to the proliferation of Western media.

true

subculture

cannot exist without some defining shared characteristics such as concepts, values, and symbols, but that leaves room for strong disagreements

Match the theoretical perspective to its approach to culture.

conflict theory: values and norms are often contested by various groups in society. Dominant culture tends to represent and protect the values, norms, and interests of the most powerful groups in society. symbolic interactionism: values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction. structural functionalism: values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior.

The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other types of social media during the Arab Spring protest movement, is an example of what cultural phenomenon?

cultural diffusion

According to the textbook, which counterculture group does the FBI consider as one of the greatest threats to law enforcement in the United States?

militia movement

The slogan "What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas" is an example of what cultural concept?

moral holiday

Which of the following are examples of dominant culture in the United States?

music played on most radio stations