SOC 101
When a baby is born, the parents call the child by name, dress the child in gendered clothing, and give the baby soft blankets. As the child grows older, the child will receive different toys and be expected to act differently than when a baby. This is an example of
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To be considered "near poverty," you are earning _____ of the poverty level
150%
Which person is demonstrating primary socialization
A parent teaching a young child the alphabet
How would a moral entrepreneur introduce a folk devil to reduce acceptance of divorce?
By creating a news story about how divorced women are seducing married men
The _____ perspective perceives deviance as socially constructed and focuses on power dynamics in determining who is considered deviant
Conflict
_____ occurs when researchers evaluate other cultures from the perspective of their own cultural standards
Ethnocentrism
How would Durkheim explain external inequality versus diversity
External inequality is an institutional block to diversity
A wealthy school district gets more of its funding from local property taxes. Therefore, it gets more money than a poorer district that is also funded by property taxes. This is intentional discrimination
False
According to Durkeim, anomie occurs when the bonds between society and the individuals become firmly interconnected
False
As moral enterpreneurs, rule enforcers are limited to police, judges, and others in postitions of authroity
False
During the Colonial era, sexual activity outside marriage was extremely rare
False
Ethnic group members have the same racial features
False
Gender socialization occurs naturally at birth
False
Grounding a teenager after breaking curfew would be considered a formal sanction
False
Hunter-gatherer societies are more likely to have intricate artifacts
False
Intergenerational mobility occurs as an individual experiences a change in social class during their lifetime
False
Mores refers to the ability to act independently of social constraints
False
Plessy v Ferguson ruled that separate but equal facilities were unconstitutional
False
Racism evasiveness occurs as people talk too much about race and racism
False
Secondary groups are those with which we are most intimate
False
Structural functionalists see men and women as basically the same and in competition with each other
False
Taking the role of the other is based on learning that status of the people you socialize with.
False
The Three-Fifths Compromise abolished slavery
False
The income gap in the United State is more significant than the wealth gap
False
The legalistic approach would consider wearing an evening gown to a funeral deviant
False
War, gang violence, and climate change are all pull factors that drive immigration
False
Wealth refers to all earnings during a lifetime
False
Karl Marx argued that members of the proletariat class are convinced, through the control of media, that the bourgeoisies deserve their wealth and that if they work hard, they too can become rich. Marx termed this which of the following
False consciousness
________ organizations assign members to specific jobs and have a system to replace them when needed.
Formal
Which statement about bureaucracies is true
Formal organizations have a great need for bureacuracies
Lana's company is very structured. There is a written set of rules that all must follow, and employees report to a clear hierarchy of management. The employees do not socialize with each other, but focus on their work exclusively. This is a
Ideal Bureaucracy
Which term describes an individual with ambiguous sex characteristics that are not clearly defined as male or female
Intersex
How would relativist perspective explain sneaking into a movie theatre to watch for free
It is a deviant act only to the extent that culture regards it as deviant
A series of symbols people use to communicate meaning is called
Language
Which statement is the best description of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Language influences our understanding of reality
How would getting married be considered an agent of resocialization
Marriage teaches new social roles that one must adapt to
How do social roles develop?
People use different social roles throughout each day based on different expectations.
A drama student is trying to get a job as an actor. While waiting for a role, he accepts a serving job at a restaurant to pay bills. A role is eventually offered, but it is not going to pay enough to allow him to quit his other job. While he is waiting tables, he tries to remember his lines for his acting job. How would sociologist describe what this student is experiencing
Role conflicts as he tries to be both a waiter and an actor
A sociologist uses terms like "feminism," " doing gender," and "functionalism" to describe different aspect of society. People who are not sociologists might have trouble understanding these terms. How would the Spair-Whorf Hypothesis explain this
Sociologists use specific words to describe sociological concepts
In which country is homosexuality punishable by death
Sudan
Patriotic music, fireworks, and picnics represent Independence Day in the United States. These are examples of
Symbols
Which of these best describes socialization?
The ability to follow social norms and expectations of one's society through the process of social interaction
A white business executive is convicted for embezzlement but is given probation over imprisonment. A minority youth is convicted of petty theft and is sentence to three months in jail. How would the conflict perspective explain this
The legal system tends to treat deviance by the poor and minorities as serious crimes
A country has an estate system in place. How would social mobility occur in this country
The lower levels of the system would likely remain in the same social position as their parents with little opportunity for advancement
A politician employs illegal immigrants for housekeeping services. A nearby restaurant also employs illegal immigrant. The restaurant is fined, but the politician does NOT suffer any consequences. How would a social location explain this
The politician has more power and position to resist consequences
Which statement about college achievement is true
There is an achievement gap between students at the top and the bottom of the economic pyramid
How does the power elite impact the United States?
They influence political decisions by influencing the politicians and their voters
How do flat-screen TVs relate to culture
They reflect the values of a material culture
How would Bonilla-Silva' concept of minimization impact politicians creating public policy as it pertains to racial discrimination in housing
They would argue that everyone has equal access to all housing areas and there is no discrimination
A groups of basketball players enters a restaurant and they are much taller than everyone else. How would the statistical approach describe this group of basketball players
They would be considered deviant based on their height
A college degree is an example of cultural capital
True
Advertisers have started to break through gender stereotypes, but for the most part, still do not promote gender equality
True
Cell phones are part of material culture
True
Ethnocentrism refers to a divisive belief in cultural superiority
True
Fabrication occurs as an individual creates a false persona in order to avoid stigma
True
In a meritocracy, movement to upper social class occurs through hard work
True
Japanese immigration was halted through the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
True
Social intelligence is the ability to understand social relationships and act accordingly
True
Sue and Laurie are members of their high school pep club. They visited a rival school and took the school's flag from the courtyard as a prank. If asked, they would say they are not deviants, as would most people, even though they committed a crime. This is an example of primary deviance
True
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 made pay discrimination against women employees illegal
True
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis posits that if you can't find the words to describe something, it may be because your culture doesn't have words for what it happening
True
The identities that others assign to us shape our social identity
True
The small number of people who are considered the richest in the world hold about half of the world's wealth
True
Those who are labeled deviant, or risk being labeled deviant, often engage in techniques of neutralization
True
Toys are influential of gender socialization
True
White home seekers tend to have advantages over racial minority prospective buyers at every stage of the home-buying process
True
At the end of 2018, which group had the lowest unemployment rate
White ???
Which group is most likely to receive treatment for pain by doctors
Whites
______ describes the expectations for behaviors that are socially appropriate for a particular gender
a gender script
Which of these is an example of a moral entrepreneur
a mom volunteering for Mothers Against Drunk Drivers
Which individual would be considered transgender
a person assigned male at birth who identifies as a women
The inability to buy a home in the US is a factor in poverty because home ownership is _______
a primary way to attain wealth
Which description best characterizes the concept of race
a socially constructed category based on perceived differences due to physical appearance
What is an example of the glass ceiling at work
a women working as a low level manager is passed over for a promotion in favor of a man
What is the term for the ability to act and think free from wider society's social contraints
agency
Family, peers, mass media, and schools are all examples of
agents of socialization
Although acceptance for LGBT people has grown in the United States, backlash has followed. In over half of the states in the Unite States, ______-
an employer can fire workers because of their sexual or gender identity
When formal organizations grow and become more complex, they often become
bureaucracies
The legalistic approach toward deviance considers only _____ to be deviant
crimes
Oscar Lewis's term ______ describes the beliefs, values, and attitudes of those living in poverty
culture of poverty
African American comprise the largest percentage of incarcerated Americans. This high proportion is most likely a result of _____
discrimination
What is institutional discrimination
discriminatory treatment of an individual or group as a result of how institutions operate
People who believe that their culture is better than any others are displaying
ethnocentrism
According to Durkheim, industrial societies need all members to work in an occupation they enjoy and are good at in order for society to function efficiently. In a society where _____ exists, society at large is disadvantaged
external inequality
A group of refugees from a nation in the midst of civil ware have been given permission to emigrate from their country to another. Some members of this new country are ethnocentric. Under these conditions, the immigrants will likely ______
face prejudice and discrimination
Almost a third of students who take out loans for college
fail to complete their degrees
Intimate relationships tend not to be gendered, as are more casual ones
false
When there is a widespread fear that public morality will collapse, ____ become a target for public anxiety
folk devils
What is transmitted when children are taught to look someone in the eyes when speaking to them
folkways
A college-educated women working as a mid-level manager has applied for an upper management position four times. A male with less education and experience ends up getting the promotion each time, even though her reviews are consistently above average. Which of the following is occurring?
glass ceiling
Globally, even if individuals work hard to achieve, this success is largely impacted by ______
government policies
C.J. Pascoe's research found that to be a "real man," you must be_____
heterosexual
Culture for elite groups of people are called______cultures and _______cultures are those that exist among the common people
high;popular
Two college students meet at a bar and then have sex without any additional expectations of intimacy. What is this an example of
hooking up
The development of hand tools and the domestication of animals were presuror to _____societies
horticultural/pastoral
In describing social life and the different regions, Goffman refers to the "backstage" as an area
in which one no longer has to perform
Roger really wanted Maoira to like him, even though she new he has been incarcerated when he was younger. So he told her about the work he was doing in th eprison to help rehabilitate the inmates, including teaching reading, and offering advice. What compensatory strategy was Roger using?
individuating information
Racism requires prejudice and ____
institutional power
Which theory notes that someone is defined as deviant because others react to the person as such
labeling
A bank manager argues that everyone has equal access to home loans, and if they cannot get one it is based on lack of effort, not race. Which colorblind ideology does this exemplify
minimization
Which statement is TRUE of children's books gender
most children's books communicate how boys and girls should behave and what they should become ????
The city of Chicago is a mixture of White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic citizens, along with many others. This is an example of
multicultrualism
Expectations about the appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of people in a variety of situations are called
norms
How do clothes represent gender socialization
parents purchase clothing that indicates and advertises their gender expectations of the child
A boy who just started attending a new school is trying to make friends. A group of boys invite him to their house, where they offer the new kid a cigarette. Even though he has never smoked and has no desire to, he does anyway. This is an example of
peer pressure
Members of the corporate community who dominate politics in Washington, D.C. are of which class
power elite
You are likely to see the greatest percentage of women teacher at the ________ level
preschool
We experience _____ when we have competing demands within a particular social role and status.
role strain
Moral entrepreneurs are composed of rule creators and
rule enforcers
A person's sense of who they are based on their interactions with others is called
self-indentity
Structural functionalists believe that inequality
serves an important purpose in society
A form of stratification in which individuals own other individuals as poverty and have the legal right to dispense with that property as they wish is called ___________
slavery
What term is defined as distinctions among people in terms of their income, occupation, and education
social class
Symbolic interactionists who emphasize the ways that we actively create our genders are referred to as
social constructionists
In the United States, when a man occupies a high paying job his_____provides him with a feeling of power and respect
status
A man is looked down upon for staying home and taking care of his children. Which theory would agree with this stance
structural functionalist
A company moves most of its production to another country in order to cut costs. As a result, most of the factory workers lose their job. What has occurred
structural mobility
A cultural group that exists within another, larger culture is a
subculture
What program, enacted in the 1930s, established unemployment insurance, social security, and the federal minimum wage
the New Deal
A group attends a football game and sits on the side of the stadium reserved for fans of the home team. When the referee makes a call against the home team, they all look at each other and shake their heads, assuming they all feel the same way about the call. How would a sociologist explain these assumptions
the fans understand that most people sitting on that side of the stadium share the same opinions based on the genrealized other
sociologist George Herbert Mead was influenced by which of Charles Horton Cooley's concepts?
the looking-glass self
How does the ability to grow food and raise animals for food impact the stability of a society
the members of the society are able to build homes and care for their families
Which approach treats deviance according to how unusual it is or by its probability
the statistical approach
The findings of the Human Genome Project impacted ideas about racism because they show that _____
there are more genetic differences within a race than between races
A person socially constructs herself as a women even though she was assigned male at birth. Which term would best describe this individual
transgender
According to Howard Becker, people who engage in crime are labeled pure deviants
true
Nations in the EU have higher tax rates but better social support programs than the United States
true
Structured inequalities are the advantages and disadvantages built into social institutions
true
Two ways that text suggests for reducing inequality in the US are raising the federal minimum wage or establishing ______ as Canada and Finland have implemented
universal basic income
Behavior that is deined as deviant
varies depending on the approach used