SOC 101 Exam 2

How much of the total U.S. income does the top fifth of the population earn?

153.9%

How does Merton's typology of deviance explain crime?

Ab individual's position in the social construction will affect his experience of deviance and conformity

What are the four bonds that tether people to society?

Attachment commitment involvement Belief

Murder, Rape, Robbery

Both Deviance and Criminal

Why is cultural appropriation so problematic? Can you give some examples?

Cultural appropriation is when members of the dominant group adopt co-opt, or otherwise take cultural elements from a marginalized group and used them for their own advantage Ex: MLB's Cleveland Indians and NLF's Washington Redskins

How is deviance a social construction?

Deviance can oddly enough be expected, acknowledged, and allowed

Explain Why the fear of crime in the U.S. is paradoxical.

Elderly Women are least likely to victimized but is most afraid of crime

What other factors contribute to a person's socioeconomic status?

Family, Health, Work, And Education

Describe the trends in offending with regard to gender and age. Who commits more crime in each of these categories?

Gender: Male Age: 15 to 19 year olds

What is the fastest growing minority group?

Hispanics

Is the number of people in prisons increasing or decreasing? By how much?

Increasing by 50,000 to 80,000 per year

Speeding, Jay walking

Just Criminal not Deviance

Who is most likely to be victimized?

Men

Face tattoo, Premarital sex

Not Criminal but Deviance

Coming to class, having breakfast

Not Criminal, Not Deviance

How do they distinguish between primary and secondary deviance?

Primary deviance: the thing that gets they labeled in the first place Secondary deviance: a devant identity or career

. How does routine activities theory explain crime/deviance?

Situations encountered in a daily lie influence one's likelihood of offending and/ or victimization

How does control theory flip the other theories of crime/deviance on their heads and explain crime/deviance?

Theory of constraint not of motivation. Everyone would engage in crime if they could not get away with it

Which nation has the highest per capita rate of incarceration?

U.S.

Relative Deprivation

a relative measure of poverty based on the standard of living in a particular society

Ethnicity

a socially defined category based on a common language, religion, nationality, history, or some other cultural factor

Race

a socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people

Discrimnation

an action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of individuals because of their membership in a certain racial or ethic group Ex: turned down a job promotion or home loan because he or she is black

Rehabiltation

an approach to punishment that attempts to reform criminals as part o their penalty

Retribution

an approach to punishment that emphasizes retaliation or revenge for the crime as the appropriate goal

Deterrence

an approach to punishment that relies on the threat of harsh penalties to discourage people rom committing crime

Incapacitation

an approach to punishment that seeks to protect society from criminals by imprisoning or executing them

Color-Blind Racism

an ideology that removes race as an explanation for any form of unequal treatment

Absolute Deprivation

an objective measure of poverty, defined by the inability to meet minimal standards for food, shelter, clothing, or healthcare

Has crime in the U.S. been increasing or decreasing?

decreasing

What is the culture of poverty?

entrenched attitudes that can develop among poor communities and lead the poor to accept to improve their lot

Prejudice

ia an inflexible attitude about a particular group of people and is rooted in generalizations or stereotypes.

Crime

involves breaking a law

Deviance

involves breaking a norm behavior that falls to conform to the norms of a group or society

Social Control

is a group's formal and informal means of enforcing it norms

How do we define a minority group and what are the five properties

people who are recognized as belonging to a social category and who are suffer from unequal treatment as a result of that status. Racism Prejudice Discrimnation Individual Discrimnation Institutional Discrimnation

How do labeling theorists explain crime?

proposes that deviance is not inherent in any act, belief or condition; instead it is determined by the social context

How can race consciousness help us combat color blind racism?

race consciousness awareness of the importance of race in our everyday lives an in our dealing with social institutions

How do horizontal and vertical mobility differ?

vertical: the movement up and down the social ladder. Different class statuses Horizontal: the movement of individuals or groups within a particular social class, most often a result of changing occupations