SOC 101 Exam 2
How much of the total U.S. income does the top fifth of the population earn?
153.9%
How does Merton's typology of deviance explain crime?
Ab individual's position in the social construction will affect his experience of deviance and conformity
What are the four bonds that tether people to society?
Attachment commitment involvement Belief
Murder, Rape, Robbery
Both Deviance and Criminal
Why is cultural appropriation so problematic? Can you give some examples?
Cultural appropriation is when members of the dominant group adopt co-opt, or otherwise take cultural elements from a marginalized group and used them for their own advantage Ex: MLB's Cleveland Indians and NLF's Washington Redskins
How is deviance a social construction?
Deviance can oddly enough be expected, acknowledged, and allowed
Explain Why the fear of crime in the U.S. is paradoxical.
Elderly Women are least likely to victimized but is most afraid of crime
What other factors contribute to a person's socioeconomic status?
Family, Health, Work, And Education
Describe the trends in offending with regard to gender and age. Who commits more crime in each of these categories?
Gender: Male Age: 15 to 19 year olds
What is the fastest growing minority group?
Hispanics
Is the number of people in prisons increasing or decreasing? By how much?
Increasing by 50,000 to 80,000 per year
Speeding, Jay walking
Just Criminal not Deviance
Who is most likely to be victimized?
Men
Face tattoo, Premarital sex
Not Criminal but Deviance
Coming to class, having breakfast
Not Criminal, Not Deviance
How do they distinguish between primary and secondary deviance?
Primary deviance: the thing that gets they labeled in the first place Secondary deviance: a devant identity or career
. How does routine activities theory explain crime/deviance?
Situations encountered in a daily lie influence one's likelihood of offending and/ or victimization
How does control theory flip the other theories of crime/deviance on their heads and explain crime/deviance?
Theory of constraint not of motivation. Everyone would engage in crime if they could not get away with it
Which nation has the highest per capita rate of incarceration?
U.S.
Relative Deprivation
a relative measure of poverty based on the standard of living in a particular society
Ethnicity
a socially defined category based on a common language, religion, nationality, history, or some other cultural factor
Race
a socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people
Discrimnation
an action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of individuals because of their membership in a certain racial or ethic group Ex: turned down a job promotion or home loan because he or she is black
Rehabiltation
an approach to punishment that attempts to reform criminals as part o their penalty
Retribution
an approach to punishment that emphasizes retaliation or revenge for the crime as the appropriate goal
Deterrence
an approach to punishment that relies on the threat of harsh penalties to discourage people rom committing crime
Incapacitation
an approach to punishment that seeks to protect society from criminals by imprisoning or executing them
Color-Blind Racism
an ideology that removes race as an explanation for any form of unequal treatment
Absolute Deprivation
an objective measure of poverty, defined by the inability to meet minimal standards for food, shelter, clothing, or healthcare
Has crime in the U.S. been increasing or decreasing?
decreasing
What is the culture of poverty?
entrenched attitudes that can develop among poor communities and lead the poor to accept to improve their lot
Prejudice
ia an inflexible attitude about a particular group of people and is rooted in generalizations or stereotypes.
Crime
involves breaking a law
Deviance
involves breaking a norm behavior that falls to conform to the norms of a group or society
Social Control
is a group's formal and informal means of enforcing it norms
How do we define a minority group and what are the five properties
people who are recognized as belonging to a social category and who are suffer from unequal treatment as a result of that status. Racism Prejudice Discrimnation Individual Discrimnation Institutional Discrimnation
How do labeling theorists explain crime?
proposes that deviance is not inherent in any act, belief or condition; instead it is determined by the social context
How can race consciousness help us combat color blind racism?
race consciousness awareness of the importance of race in our everyday lives an in our dealing with social institutions
How do horizontal and vertical mobility differ?
vertical: the movement up and down the social ladder. Different class statuses Horizontal: the movement of individuals or groups within a particular social class, most often a result of changing occupations