Social 8 Chapter 4

Definition of sovereignty

the supreme power or authority : the freedom of a country or political control unit from outside control

in 1500, japan was not a united country, like the modern nation of Japan. It considered of about _____ small regions, all under the rule of an __________

250 small regions, and all under the rule of an emperor

What is Bunraku theatre?

A type of puppet theatre that was popular with adults. It was only performed by non-humans.

How did regular movement of people affect the economies of the domains and nation?

As the daimyo and their entourages made their way across the country along these highways, they required accommodations, food, and other goods and services during their trip. Artisans and merchants provided services in the villages and post stations along the highways, and as a result, many of these grew into larger centres.

The Dutch were allowed to set up a trading post on Deshima island, why the special treatment?

Because the island was artificial, the view was that it wasn't really Japanese land, foreigners were not really being allowed on Japanese soil. • The Japanese allowed the Dutch to stay on the island because they had not brought missionaries with them, which proved that they were only interested in trade.

In the 1three metropolises". 8th century, three urban were important in Japan, the information for Kyoto

Capital of Japan before it moved to Edo. • Chosen because it has easy river access and was at the junction of most routes. • Was known for its refinement and the production of beautiful luxury items. • Merchant class became wealthy and there was less emphasis on class and status among the population

Just as arts flourished in Italy when its city-states began amassing huge wealth during the Renaissance, the popular culture of Japan began to change - how?

Cities grew and the merchant class became more wealthy and influential. • More people desired luxury items and had the leisure time for entertainment and fine arts. Samurai turned their creative energies to intellectual pursuits such as prose and poetry.

In the 1three metropolises". 8th century, three urban were important in Japan, Summarize the information for Osaka:

Developed around a protected harbor. • Became the centre of the Japanese economy. • Famous for its castle and 150 bridges • Was called the "kitchen of Japan" because of its wonderful markets. • Areas of good farmland surrounded the city, and it became the centre of the rice market, setting the standard price

What is Kabuki theatre?

It featured lively action, wild plots and elaborate costumes and make-up. It was a mirror of Japanese life and it often focused on domestic dramas that depicted moral dilemmas such as the conflict between obligation and happiness.The first Kabuki was performed in 1607 by a women named Okini, however, the Bakufu banned females from the stage in 1629 because they believed public morality was being corrupted by female actresses

In the 1three metropolises". 8th century, three urban were important in Japan, "Summarize the information for Edo

It was a good port city that was easily defended. • Edo, was called the 'city of water' - channels and canals were dug to aid travel around the city. • Centre of shogun's military government. • Artisans and merchants came from all parts of Japan to cater the needs of the shogun and his government. • Bakufu had to learn how to deal with providing services such as fire prevention, police protection, and supplying utilities like water to an ever increasing population

What is the National Seclusion Policy?

It was an effort by the Bakufu to strengthen its authority and maintain a strong centralized government. It developed over 6 years from 1633 to 1639. It set out controls on the interaction between Japanese and foreigners.

How was Japan's political system in the Edo period similar to the feudal system in Europe?

It was very hierarchal. Domains were governed by daimyo, feudal lords, who were required to give allegiance to the shogun. In return for their loyalty, each daimyo had full administrative control over his land and expected those living on it to swear allegiance to him.

What are the six key items of the Closed Country Edict of 1635?

Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to travel to foreign countries • No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. Anyone who attempts to do so must be executed. • If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, must be put to death. • If any westerns teach Christianity to commit crimes, they may be put into prison. • No single trading city shall be permitted to purchase all the merchandise brought by foreign ships. • Portugese ships are banned from Japanese ports. Any ship disobeying this order will be destroyed and its crew and passengers executed.

How did this movement affect cities?

Many merchants and artisans settled in Edo to provide goods and services to the travelers who visited the governing city. With more and more centres of larger populations, the economy of the country began to change. Cities could not be self-sufficient (relying on outlying areas for food) and so the economies of the rural and urban areas became intertwined.

What did many of the European ships carry that concerned the Bakufu? Why did it concern them and what did they do about it?

Many of the European ships carried Roman Catholic Missionaries who wanted to convert the citizens of Japan to Christianity.Between 1549-1587 Jesuit missionaries under Francis Xavier converted 150 000 Japanese to Christianity in the Nagasaki area. In 1587 Shogun Hideyoshi ordered all missionaries to leave and later had 26 Franciscan missionaries executed.

Definition of Bakufu:

The centralized military government, headed by the shogun.

A series of edicts were put in place after the death of Shogun Tokugawa Ieyaso - why?

The Bakufu became more and more concerned that Christians, especially Christian daimyo, would follow their spiritual leaders rather than viewing the shogun as their ultimate authority. Fearing a loss of absolute control, the shoguns decided to isolate Japan, primarily from the Western world.

What was The Bakufu?

The Bakufu was ruled by the shogun, centralized higher level of government. The shogun was also a feudal lord and ruled his own Han.He had the additional responsibility of controlling the social classes, maintaining order throughout all the domains and making national policies.

The Closed Country edicts did not totally isolate Japan, explain

The Chinese and Koreans were permitted limited access to the country to meet with Japanese traders and officials. • Some officials and traders from some domains within Japan were allowed to go to foreign places such as the Ryuku Islands and Korea.

Whose influence increased during isolation - why?

The Chinese influence on Japanese learning and culture increased during isolation, as their goods and ideas were the few allowed in Japan. • Many of the products brought by the Dutch came from China - (because the Bakufu controlled the merchant groups Dutch traders used).

The Dutch eventually had an impact on Japanese learning, how?

The Dutch were a huge influence in the area of medicine. Prior to contact, surgery had not been a part of Japanese medicine. They believed that the human body is inherited from one's ancestors and surgery might damage the body. They were however, interested in the techniques and information shared by the Dutch surgeons and added this knowledge into their own practices. • The first generation of Japanese scholars who interacted with Dutch did not make many changes. However, being exposed to new knowledge changed parts of their worldview, which affected generations to come.

What was the Han?

The Han was the local government in each domain (province), ruled by a daimyo. The leadership was often inherited.

Definition of koku

The Japanese measurement equal to approximately 175 litres of rice

Is farming productive in Japan? Why? Where is most farming done?

The climate tends to be cool in the north and subtropical in the south, the seas that surrounded Japan moderate the climate. The moderate moist climate allows farmers to grow rice and fruits. All the mountains provide little good farmland, the climate also makes it very productive. 73% of the country is mountainous.

Definition of emperor

The hereditary ruler of Japan

Where was the only port ships to land at?

The island of Deshima in the bay of Nagasaki.

Although the techniques of moveable print and printing press were available in Japan from the late 15th century, by 1626 the old technology using wooden printing blocks was in use again - why?

The wooden blocks were easier to use with the Japanese writing characters. • The blocks also made it possible to include illustrations with print.

Printing was a private industry in Japan and not controlled by the Bakufu. However, certain subjects were taboo. There could be no writings on...

There could be no writings on Christianity or of anything of a political nature that might disrupt public order. Nothing offensive, in terms of public morals, could be written. • Romance was very popular, books on household needs, proper social skills, forms of letter writing, calendars of annual events and festivities.

The bakufu wanted to ensure that no daimyo could gain enough power and wealth to overtake the shogun or gain power over the members of the bakufu. To keep the daimyo in place, the instituted a series of laws. List these 7 laws.

There will be no unnecessary contact between neighbouring daimyo. Report any suspicious activities in neighbouring domains in the Bakufu. Do not allow criminals or traitors to the shogun to enter your domain. • There can be only one castle in each domain. Daimyo must provide detailed maps of their land holdings to the Bakufu. • Daimyo must support public building projects Daimyo are required to spend every second year in Edo. • All commoners must register at Buddhist temples • Marriages of daimyo must have the permission of the Bakufu • Travel and shipbuilding is restricted.

What are woodblock images and how they are made?

They were prints of original paintings. • The artist carved the major lines and details of the painting into a flat wooden block. Paints were applied to the woodblock which would then pressed onto canvas or paper, creating a print. • Many copies could be made, making them inexpensive and available to a wide audience.

Why did Tokugawa Ieyasyu choose to isolate Japan?

Tokugawa Ieyasu did not want the Japanese people exposed to Western ideas. He was also concernedas he saw Europeans establishing colonies in many of the areas they explored.

What are Geishas, what was expected of them?

Women trained in dancing, singing, witty conversation, the tea ceremony, and floral arrangement. • They were expected to be able to demonstrate all the correct forms of etiquette. • Their appearance and behavior reflected the cultural values of the time.

Definition of daimyo

a feudal lord of a region in Japan

Definition of shogun

the leader of the military government in japan