Social Problems Chapter 5 and 6

A serial killer is loose in New York City. This is an example of A. A social problem B. Anomie C. patriarchy D. individual violence

A

Aaron grew up in a violent urban area. Todd grew up in a nonviolent suburban area. Subcultural theory suggests that A. Aaron has a greater chance than Todd of being violent B. Todd has a greater chance than Aaron of becoming violent C. Aaron and Todd are equally likely to be violent D. Neither Aaron nor Todd will be violent

A

According to the _______, poor people have different values than the middle class, and this is why they act as they do A. culture of poverty B. social structure of poverty C. containment theory D. control theory

A

Although he is not legally related to him, Tony is Nunzio's godfather. This relationship, which unites two families, is an example of __________. A) fictive kinship B) village endogamy C) a Ponzi scheme D) omerta

A

Because laws differ from one society to another, so does crime. This means that crime is A. culturally relative B. uniform C. A ponzi scheme D. diversionary

A

Bernie Madoff was one of the most notorious white-collar criminals. He ran a A. Ponzi scheme B. cosa Nostra act C. Sarbanes-Oxley Act D. insider trading scheme

A

Brittany works in the cashier's office on campus. She steals money from her job and thinks that she deserves the stolen money because she has not received a raise in two years. This illustrates a(n)__________. A) technique of neutralization B) self-fulfilling prophecy C) criminal enterprise D) organized crime

A

Grace is graduating from college and she has been offered two jobs: one in San Diego and another in San Francisco. Grace will consider the number of crimes occurring per 100,000 people in each city to determine which job she will take. Grace is using the A. crime rate B. illegitimate opportunity structure C. incapacitation rate D. juvenile delinquency rate

A

It is not illegal to drink alcohol in the United States, but it is illegal for minors to drink alcohol in the United States. So when 16-year-old Mina was caught drinking, she was guilty of a __________. A) status crime B) criminal enterprise C) diversion D) property crime

A

Jill recently took a job outside the home. This __________. A) increases her chances of committing a crime B) decreases her chances of committing a crime C) has no effect on her chances of committing a crime D) will set a good example to deter future criminals

A

Justin Pinchot killed one man in 1993, a teenager in 1995 and a woman in 199. this is an example of A. serial murder B. mass murder C. statutory murder D. big murder

A

Marsha wants to purchase a car so she sells drugs to earn cash. Marsha is a(n) __________. A) innovator B) retreatist C) ritualist D) conformist

A

Muhammad believes that if you want to reduce crime in the inner city, then you must provide more jobs so that people can have the opportunity to become successful without breaking the law. Muhammad's beliefs are in line wiht A. strain theory B. containment theory C. differential association D. frustration-aggression theory of violence

A

Renee has a high level of self-control and would not think about committing a crime. She is experiencing A. inner control systems B. outer C. containment theory D. social integration

A

Sociologists look for causes of violence A. outside of the individual B. within the individual C. by looking at the individual's personality D. in religious teachings

A

Susan is attending college and working part time so that she can get a good job. This is an example of A. finding cultural means to achieve goals B. a self-fulfilling prophecy C. the culture of poverty D. anomie

A

The Neo-Nazis seek to replace the current social order with a new one. The Neo-Nazis are __________. A) rebels B) retreatists C) ritualists D) conformists

A

The ________ rapist has an unrealistic image of masculinity and uses rape to bridge the gap between the way he perceives himself A. woman hater B. opportunist C. acquaintance D. sadist

A

The basic approach sociologists take to understanding violence is to focus on how the ________ encourages or discourages violence A. social environment B. genetic makeup of an individual C. race and ethnicity of a person D. religious background of a group

A

The frustration-aggression theory of violence is a A. biological explanation B. sociological explanation C. psychological explanation D. conflict theory

A

The jury sentenced Gary Heidnick to be executed for the kidnapping, torture, and murder of 17 women. This is an example of __________. A) capital punishment B) deterrence C) retribution D) diversion

A

The most famous organized crime group, which originated in Sicily, is called __________. A) the Mafia B) criminal enterprise C) Ponzi scheme D) Sarbanes-Oxley

A

To maintain a nonviolent atmosphere in her classroom, Mrs. Elliot gives one golden star to every student who plays nicely with the other students. Mrs. Elliot's actions are in line with A. operant conditioning B. anomie C. subcultural theory D. containment theory

A

Tonya used a baseball bat to shatter the windshield of her husband's Mercedes Benz sports car. This is an example of A. violence B. anomie C. patriarchy D. modeling

A

When female students are concerned about walking to their classes at night, this is A. a subjective concern B. organized group violence C. institutionalized group violence D. irrational

A

Which of the following is true regarding concern over victimization A. women are more concerned about becoming a crime than men B. men are more concerned about becoming a crime than women C. women and men are equally concerned about becoming a crime victim D. it is impossible to gather this data about potential victim concerns

A

Which of the following is true regarding murder in the United States A. Whites are more likely than African Americans to be murdered B. African Americans are more likely than whites to be murdered C. Whites and African Americans are equally likely to be murdered D. We dont have the data to determine which race is most likely to be murdered

A

Which state has the highest rates of rape A. Alaska B. Wisconsin C. Texas D. North Dakota

A

White people are most likely to be killed by A. other white people B. African Americans C. Asian Americans D. Native Americans

A

_________ is the killing of several people in three or more separate events A. serial murder B. mass murder C. statutory murder D. Big murder

A

__________ consider crime a natural part of a healthy society. A) Functionalists B) Symbolic interactionists C) Conflict theorists D) Psychologists

A

__________ was involved in insider trading and served time in a "country club prison." A) Martha Stewart B) Julia Child C) Sam Smith D) Buckley O' Reilly

A

According to the ____________, the poor act as they do because, unlike middle-class people, they do not have the same opportunities to attend good schools or obtain good jobs. A. culture of poverty B. social structure of poverty C. containment theory D. control theory

B

April's new friend believes that it is perfectly acceptable to hit another person if that person has said something insulting. Because the attitudes that surround April support violence, this illustrates A. modeling B. excess of definitions C. behavior modifications D. anomie

B

Corporations can produce a culture that is __________. A) restorative B) criminogenic C) conformist D) deterrent

B

In Florida, it is illegal to sell alcohol before 1 pm on a Sunday. This is an example of A. a criminal enterprise B. a "dumb law" C. restitution D. retribution

B

Jamaal wants to be an all-around hustler when he grows up. He plans to engage in robbery, burglary, drug dealing, as well as pimping. The chance for Jamaal to pursue this career path is readily available in the urban area in which he resides. This chance is a part of the __________. A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act B) illegitimate opportunity structure C) self-fulfilling prophecy D) criminal enterprise

B

Michael walked into the class and shot each of his 22 classmates. 14 people died and 9 survived A. serial murder B. mass murder C. statutory murder D. big murder

B

Omar thinks that the high unemployment rate in the urban metropolitan area encourages some people to commit crime. Omar's thinking is in line with __________. A) self-fulfilling prophecy B) strain theory C) techniques of neutralization D) symbolic interactionism

B

Ophelia is conducting research on how police officers are more likely to stop drivers who fit a certain profile. Ophelia's research is in line with A. functionalism B. symbolic interactionism C. conflict theory D. exchange theory

B

People who are violent have learned more attitudes that favor violence. This is known as A. genetic predisposition B. excess of definitions C. mental conditioning D. operant conditioning

B

Ralph is a construction worker. He is typically unemployed for five months out of each year. As such, Ralph is a part of the __________. A) stable working class B) marginal working class C) upper level manager D) contingency class

B

Rapes are more likely to occur in A. spring B. summer C. fall D. winter

B

Rashida is an accountant. She has been skimming money off of the payroll for the past seven years. This is an example of a(n) __________. A) organized crime B) white-collar crime C) status offense D) property crime

B

Ray is a detective, his brother is a lawyer, and his father is a warden at the state penitentiary. All of these men are a part of the A. political system B. criminal justice system C. illegitimate opportunity structure D. Cosa Nostra

B

Robbery, burglary, drug dealing, prostitution, pimping, gambling, and other activities that are woven into the texture of life in urban slums are a part of the __________. A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act B) illegitimate opportunity structure C) self-fulfilling prophecy D) criminal enterprise

B

Sam wants to shoplift, but when he thinks about the reaction of his family and friends he stops himself. He is experiencing A. inner control sytems B. outer control systems C. anomie D. decrease of violence

B

Ted pressured and threatened Jenny to have sex with him against her will. This is an example of A. statutory rape B. forciple rape C. legal rape D. negligible

B

The ____________ rapist beat his victims because he has learned to get pleasure from hurting others A. woman hater B. sadist C. generally violence-prone D. revenger

B

The killing of four or more people in a single episode is called A. serial murder B. mass murder C. statutory murder D. Big murder

B

The number of violent crimes for each 100,000 Americans is called the A. crime rate B. rate of violent crime C. anomie D. organization of violence

B

The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested is called the __________. A) crime rate B) recidivism rate C) restitution rate D) retribution rate

B

The soldiers who show bravery in battle receive medals to wear on their uniforms. The giving of these medals to reward a certain type of behavior is an example of A. anomie B. reinforcement C. modeling D. patriarchy

B

The younger a juvenile is when first charged with a violent crime, __________. A) the less likely it is that he or she will be charged with subsequent violent crimes B) the more likely it is that he or she will be charged with subsequent violent crimes C) the less likely it is that he or she will drop out of school D) has no effect on his/her likelihood to be charged with subsequent violent crimes

B

Thirteen-year-old Saeed stole his neighbor's automobile. This is an example of __________. A) juvenile deterrence B) juvenile delinquency C) juvenile diversion D) juvenile discretion

B

Wendell is addicted to drugs and has rejected society's means and goals. Wendell is a __________. A) rebel B) retreatist C) ritualist D) conformist

B

When families worked on farms and cooperated with one another, this helped to keep violence at a low level. This is A. anomie B. social integration C. containment theory D. social acceptability

B

Which of the following is true regarding rearrest among juvenile delinquents? A) Girls are more likely than boys to be rearrested. B) Girls are less likely than boys to be rearrested. C) Girls and boys are equally likely to be rearrested. D) There are no statistics kept about juvenile offenders.

B

Which of the following was once deemed criminal in China but not anymore A. consuming pork B. making a profit C. birth control D. running a business

B

________ coined the term white-collar crime A. edwin sutherland B. robert merton C. william chambliss D. emile durkheim

B

__________ requires offenders to compensate their victims for harm created. This is a form of retribution. A) Rehabilitation B) Restitution C) Deterrence D) Diversion

B

from the 1960s to 1991, the rate of violence A. decreased B. increased C. stayed the same D. fluctuated up and down

B

Bay Bay's father was a pimp and his mother was a prostitute. As such, Bay Bay grew up in an environment where prostitution, drug use, robbery, assault, and rape were seen as a normal part of life. This reflects __________. A) the Cosa Nostra B) organized crime C) a delinquent subculture D) a Ponzi scheme

C

Chambliss's research on the saints and the roughnecks is an example of A. conflict theory B. illegitimate opportunity structure C. labeling D. criminal enterprise

C

Constance has been taking classes at a college for the last seven years. She is not pursuing any degree, just going through the motions of being a student. Constance is a(n) __________. A) innovator B) retreatist C) ritualist D) conformist

C

Despite opposition, the supreme court made abortion legal in the united states. This illustrates the court's A. deterrence B. retribution C. power D. incapacitation

C

Even though Tyrone is innocent of the murder charges launched against him, his defense attorney is encouraging him to plead guilty for a lesser charge of manslaughter. The defense attorney is encouraging __________. A) uniform sentencing B) restitution C) a plea bargain D) retribution

C

Growing up with his parents, Brad saw his father hit his mother on numerous occasions. Now that Brad is married, he hits his wife in the same manner. This illustrates A. anomie B. reinforcement C. modeling D. patriarchy

C

Joanne is a 31 year old high school teacher. Brian is Joanne' 14-year-old student. Joanne and Brian engaged in seuxal intercourse. This is an example of A. soldier rape B. forciple rape C. statutory rape D. legal rape

C

Martha told her 6-year-old son Robby that he could not have any candy. Upset because he could not have what he wanted, Robby punched his mother on the leg. Robby's violence is best explained by A. containment theory B. control theory C. frustration-aggression theory of violence D. subcultural theory

C

Melissa gets a higher sentence every time she is convicted. This is known as __________. A) a Ponzi scheme B) Cosa Nostra C) added incapacitation D) white-collar crime

C

Modeling is a(n)____________ A. biological explanation B. sociological explanation C. psychological explanation D. insignificant explanation

C

Murder rates in the United States are highest in the A. east B. west C. south D. midwest

C

Professional and organized crime involves __________. A) violence B) a middle class background C) pride in specialized skills D) access to resources

C

Shawn's punishment for stealing and wrecking a car includes repaying the automobile owner for damages to the vehicle. This is an example of __________. A) deterrence B) diversion C) restitution D) rehabilitation

C

Some societies downplay violence while others encourage it. This shows A. that some societies are more primitive than others B. that people are biologically different C. the role that the social environment plays D. that some people are liars

C

The American dream of owning a home and two cars is an example of A. anomie B. cultural means C. cultural goals D. modeling

C

Trading stock on the basis of secret information is called A. differential association B. plea bargaining C. insider trading D. organized crime

C

Which theoretical perspective explains that some societies view killing as a manly act A. feminism B. conflict C. symbolic interactionists D. functionalists

C

__________ aims to create fear by letting potential offenders know that they will be punished if they commit a crime. A) Retribution B) Restitution C) Deterrence D) Diversion

C

A woman is most likely to be raped by A. a stranger in the middle of the night B. a sibling C. someone of a different race D. Someone she knows, such as a family member

D

Determining which behavior is criminal is a A. self-fulfilling prophecy B. value C. diversion D. political process

D

If two people get into a fight, that is A. group violence B. Anomie C. individual violence D. a personal problem

D

Maria knows that her family is part of the Mafia but she has to uphold __________. A) fictive kinship B) endogamy C) a Ponzi scheme D) omerta

D

Mrs. Hibaji does not like her son's friends because they are ex-convicts. She tells her son that if he continues to hang around them, he will probably end up serving time in prison like them. Mrs. Hibaji's views are in line with A. containment theory B. control theory C. frustration-aggression theory D. differential association

D

Officer McFriendly pulled Meredith over for speeding. Meredith cried a little bit and flirted a lot, and Officer McFriendly let her go with a warning. This is an example of A. plea bargaining B. recidivism C. uniform sentencing D. police discretion

D

Penny wants to buy a house. She works two jobs and saves her money and after three years, she purchases her first home. Penny is a(n) __________. A) innovator B) retreatist C) ritualist D) conformist

D

Rape is one way to that men make women submissive so that they can maintain a larger share of power A. matriarchy B. patriarchy C. anarchy D. frustration-aggression

D

Subcultural theory was introduced by A. Robert Merton B. Emile Durkheim C. Edwin Sutherland D. Marvin Wolfgang

D

When Jethro left his small town home to go away to a university, he felt that the rules that used to apply no longer fit. Jethro felt less restrained and experienced a sense of anxiety. Jethro was experiencing A. modeling B. excess of definitions C. behavior modification D. anomie

D

When a stranger approached Olivia in a nightclub and propositioned her for sex, she smacked his face. This is an example of A. group violence B. anomie C. a social problem D. a personal problem

D

When asked what she wants to be when she grows up, Marquita says that she wants to be a lawmaker who determines what is legal and what is criminal. As such, Marquita wants to be involved in the A. self-fulfilling prophecy B. recidivism rate C. a Ponzi scheme D. political process

D

Which age group is least likely to be murdered A. 17-18 B. 20-25 C. 30-40 D. 60 and up

D

Which group dominates organized crime today? A) Italians B) Puerto Ricans C) Russians D) No group dominates

D

Who concluded that violent people are atavistic A. Earnest Hooton B. Sigmund Freud C. Konrad Lorenz D. Cesare Lombroso

D

________ argues that we can expect violence because groups are competing with one another for highly desired, but limited, resources. A. strain theory B. containment theory C. subcultural thery D. conflict theory

D

__________ emphasize that justice is not always fairly administered because the law is controlled by the ruling class. A) Differential theorists B) Functionalists C) Symbolic interactionists D) Conflict theorists

D

Uniform sentencing is a form of __________. A) retribution B) restitution C) deterrence D) diversion

c

Amir is a jewel thief who prides himself on his skill and his success. As such, Amir is a(n) __________. A) juvenile criminal B) white-collar criminal C) organized criminal D) professional criminal

d