Social Problems (exam 2)

Which of the following is an example of a major form of workplace discrimination, according to the Williams institute?

Being passed over for a promotion for being gay

How did the Matthew Shepard Act change the 1969 Hate Crime Law?

It expanded the law to include acts against LGBTQ people and disabled people

Which of the following can be said about the global sex industry?

It reflects the economic disparity between the richest and poorest regions of the world.

The social problem known as ageism mostly stigmatizes __________

Older Americans

The textbook suggests that some employers select younger workers over older workers, based on widely held assumptions that _______________

Older workers have more health problems than younger workers

Estimates suggest that the cost of alcoholism in the workplace totals about __________ each year.

$70 billion

The minimum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at which in most states a person is considered to be driving under the influence or driving while intoxicated is __________.

0.08

Approximately one in __________ websites contain pornographic material.

12

In 2015, approximately ________ percent of all victims of hate crimes were targeted because of their sexual orientation.

18

Homosexuality was considered a mental illness from 1942 until _______.

1973

According to the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, in 2015, __________ percent of women and _________ percent of men age 65 and above lived alone.

36; 20

Annually, tobacco is associated with one out of every __________ deaths in the United States.

5

Which of the following may be a violation of the Fair Housing Act related to sexual orientation?

A man who dresses like a woman is denied a lease for an apartment

Which time period between childhood and adulthood is one of the most significant stages in an individual's life?

Adolescence

Which statement best describes why it is difficult for social scientists to determine what constitutes pornography?

Attitudes regarding obscenity change over time.

According to the textbook, why are research findings that college students have ageist beliefs problematic?

Because one day, if they live long enough, they will become the product of ageist stereotypes

____________ is the only major world religion that does not condemn homosexuality.

Buddhism

Theorists using the symbolic interactionist approach to aging argue that___________

By remaining active, people are happier and better adjusted as they age

According to the _____________ perspective the best way to reduce inequality is through change to laws.

Conflict

According to the textbook, feminist theory is rooted in the ___________ perspective.

Conflict

Research on hate crimes is limited because ___________.

Data only includes information on reported crimes

What can we learn from applying the functionalist perspective?

Deviance clarifies social norms and helps societies maintain social control over people's behavior.

Which statement is correct?

Discrimination in the workplace based on sexual orientation and gender identity is not against the law

Of the four approaches to death and dying, which theory is based on structural functionalist theory?

Disengagement theory

Gay and lesbian people were allowed to serve in the military as long as they did not reveal their sexual orientation under which piece of legislation?

Don't Ask, Don't Tell

__________ is a psychological and/or physiological need for a drug to maintain a sense of well-being and avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Drug addiction

Which statement illustrates sociologists' conclusions regarding drug behavior, using a symbolic interactionist framework?

Drug behavior is learned behavior that is strongly influenced by families, peers, and other people.

Which statement best describes the current knowledge about elder abuse and victimization?

Elder abuse is underreported because people who know of the abuse are unwilling to report it.

Which statement best explains why fewer older people are choosing to live in a nursing home?

Extensive media accounts reveal elder abuse is common in nursing home settings

Which statement was historically true?

Homosexuality was not a crime, but homosexual behavior was a crime.

How does dying in a hospital/nursing home setting differ from dying in a hospice setting?

Hospice settings focus less on dying and instead focus on affirming life

Sociological explanations of sexual orientation and social inequality focus primarily on __________.

How sexual orientation is associated with social structural factors

What is the central issue for gay rights advocates?

How to reduce negative attitudes and discrimination

How has the distributor of death in various life course stages changed over time in the United States?

In the past, Americans were used to deaths among all age groups, while now death is more likely among older people

Age stratification determines how jobs and education are distributed in society. This in turn has an effect on _____________

Income

How does cigarette smoking affect unborn babies?

Infants typically have lower-than-average birth weights and sometimes slower rates of physical and mental growth.

What has been the impact of laws targeting medical discrimination against LGBTQ persons?

Laws have not been entirely effective in stopping discrimination

Sociologists focus on how individuals can come together to advocate for change. Which activity has been a prominent avenue to enact change for aging Americans in the past thirty years?

Lobbying by groups such as American Association for Retired Persons (AARP)

The most significant status a person possesses is called ________.

Master status

Advances in what area have improved the length and quality of life for many older adults?

Medicine

Which statement best describes the living arrangements of older Americans?

Most older Americans, among all age categories, are mostly likely to reside in the housing they have owned and have lived in for several years.

In 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court ruling said states ____________.

Mush issue marriage license to same-sex couples and must recognize same-sex marriages from other states

The textbook defines the dependency ratio as the ___________.

Number of workers necessary to support people below age 15 and over age 63.

Trajectories of grief approach

People respond with resilience, recovery, chronic dysfunction, or delayed grief or trauma

stage-based approach

People work through denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

dying trajectory

Phases may be fast or slow, but include the acute phase, the chronic phase, and the terminal phase

A troubling problem is elder abuse. Which example of abuse best captures the most common forms of abuse?

Physical, emotional, or sexual abuse by caregiver

In addition to LGBTQ status, __________ face further discrimination in healthcare

Racial and ethnic minorities

What statement about the research on the impact of gay parents on children is true?

Research suggesting that gay parents are bad for children is biased and technically flawed

An inherent or immutable enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to other people is referred to as ___________.

Sexual orientation

__________ refers to the systematic practices that encourage conformity and discourage deviance.

Social Control

Which statement could be attributed to a symbolic interactionist?

Society should make it easier to accept LGBTQ persons.

Which statement is true about what nineteenth-century feminists believed?

Some feminists believed that prostitution led to moral degeneracy, and others believed that it was a valid form of expression.

Many people view prostitution as just a job. Which statement best explains why prostitution should be classified as a hazardous occupation?

Studies of sexual exploitation have shown that prostitution impairs health and is a form of violence.

__________ are the most likely to focus on looking at why someone becomes a prostitute or a paying customer of a prostitute.

Symbolic interactionists

In 2016, which statement did the Vatican Issue?

The Catholic Church should embrace gays, lesbians, and transgender persons

Task-based approach

The dying person should continue with daily activities to ease the process of dying and create a rich experience

How do sociologists and social gerontologists define the life course?

The study of age categories we go through as we get older

Why have efforts to reduce or eliminate prostitution, pornography, and other components of the sex industry received little attention in recent years?

There has been a national focus on problems in the economy, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and other social issues.

Recent data suggests that increasing numbers of LGBTQ couples are adopting children. What is/are the major reason(s) for this major increase?

There have been shifts in social acceptance of gay adoption, and there is a large number of children waiting to be adopted

Nearly 20 percent of all U.S. children live in poverty. This includes one out of _______ African American children and one out of _______ Hispanic children.

Three;Four

The term __________ may be applied to an individual who was born male with male anatomy but identifies as female.

Transgender

For people between the ages of 25 and 44, the leading cause of death is _____________, while for people 65 and older, the leading cause of death is ___________.

Unintentional injuries; Heart Disease

Which of the following is an examination of the evidence revealed by research regarding global sexual exploitation of women?

Women engaged in prostitution suffer physical injuries similar to those suffered by women who are victims of domestic violence.

What is the best definition of deviance?

a behavior, belief, or condition that violates social norms

Of the following, which is the most frequently abused type of prescription drug?

a drug prescribed for pain

Users of LSD may report hallucinogenic experiences ranging from the beautiful to the frightening and extremely depressing. These effects are an example of __________.

a psychedelic trip

A person who drinks occasionally or even relatively frequently is called __________.

a social drinker

Cocaine is __________.

a stimulant

Nicotine in tobacco is a toxic, dependency-producing psychoactive drug that is more addictive than heroin. It is categorized as __________.

a stimulant

Conflict analysts using a liberal feminist framework argue that prostitution is __________.

a victimless crime

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are attributed to __________.

chronic alcohol use

Some psychologists have found that prostitutes suffer from __________.

combat disorder

The number of traffic deaths related to alcohol-impaired driving has __________ over the past several years.

decreased slightly

The symbolic interactionist approach is most valuable when it is combined with __________.

discussions of inequality

According to the __________ perspective, pornography demeans and exploits women and girls.

feminist

The __________ is a heterosexual male prostitute who often works at resorts, spas, or on cruise ships where he can easily meet up with lonely, older women who may pay for companionship more than for sex.

gigolo

Which of the four long-term major patterns of drinking applies to the drinking pattern of acute alcoholics?

has trouble controlling his or her use of alcohol and plans his or her schedule around drinking

A patient was prescribed Vicodin for pain after post-operative surgery. The patient took more than what was prescribed and developed a tolerance for the drug. The patient must continue to increase dosages to obtain the same effect that was derived from the lower dose. This patient may develop a drug dependency called __________.

iatrogenic addiction

The most commonly used illegal drug in the United States is __________.

marijuana

Someone using Antabuse is taking a __________ approach.

medical treatment

__________ is considered an illicit drug.

methamphetamine

In many countries, human trafficking is now seen as __________, resulting in laws against it.

modern-day slavery

According to your text, in the last forty years, prostitution has become __________.

normalized

What types of drugs do some doctors prescribe for an unapproved condition, unapproved age group, unapproved dose, or unapproved form of administration?

off-label

Programs that try to keep people from using and abusing drugs before they ever start are __________ prevention programs.

primary

St. Thomas Aquinas believed that __________.

prostitution was wrong but should be tolerated

According to sociologist Patricia Hill Collins, prostitution exists within an intertwining web of political and economic relationships whereby sexuality is conceptualized along intersecting axes of __________.

race and gender

Which alcohol prevention program would be best directed at college students who already consume alcohol to focus on learning how to drink responsibly by emphasizing the dangers of drinking and driving?

secondary prevention plan

A group of men travel from the United States to Thailand to engage in sexual activities with prostitutes. What is this called?

sex tourism.

Sociologists using the functionalist perspective might claim the level of drug abuse remains high in the United States because __________.

social institutions such as the family, education, and religion, which previously kept deviant behavior in check, have become fragmented and somewhat disorganized

Howard Becker argues that deviance is __________.

socially constructed

What is pornography?

the graphic depiction of sexual behavior through pictures and/or words

Which explanation of drug abuse focuses on personality disorders and the effects of social learning and reinforcement on people's drug-taking behavior?

the psychological perspective

Two characteristics of drug dependency are withdrawal and __________.

tolerance

Escorts, call girls, and call boys are referred to as __________.

top-tier prostitutes