SOCIO 2112 Module 2

Judy is a woman who is sexually attracted only to women; therefore, we can observe that she is a. homosexual. b. heterosexual. c. bisexual. d. asexual.

a. homosexual.

Homophobia refers to a. hostility to people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual. b. avoidance of any sexual activity. c. rejection of asexual people. d. willingness to engage in any sexual activity.

a. hostility to people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

When older people, especially women, appear on television or in films, it is most often a. in stereotypical roles. b. in leading roles. c. as physically active people. d. as the most wealthy and powerful people.

a. in stereotypical roles.

Becoming a teenage mother a. increases the risk of poverty. b. raises income. c. increases the likelihood of completing high school. d. raises the odds of attending college

a. increases the risk of poverty.

The first antistalking law in the United States was passed in a. 1940 in the state of Michigan. b. 1960 in the state of New York. c. 1990 in the state of California. d. 2010 in the state of Utah.

c. 1990 in the state of California.

The United States accounts for about what percentage of global AIDS cases? a. 73 percent b. 30 percent c. 3 percent d. 1 percent

c. 3 percent

From which political point of view would we say that young people who are raised by committed, involved parents and guided by religious beliefs and caring teachers are likely to resist any temptation presented by drugs? a. conservative b. liberal c. radical left d. right-wing libertarian

a. conservative

The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that what percentage of the elderly have some disability? a. 6 percent b. 16 percent c. 36 percent d. 56 percent

c. 36 percent

In the United States, if you track income by age, you find that income typically peaks at about what age? a. 30 b. 40 c. 50 d. 60

c. 50

A drug is any chemical substance, other than food or water, that a. affects the mind or body. b. a society defines as a problem. c. that is regulated by law. d. can be abused.

a. affects the mind or body.

Alcoholism is defined as a. an addiction to alcohol. b. a dependency on alcohol. c. a habitual relationship with alcohol. d. any dysfunctional association with alcohol.

a. an addiction to alcohol.

Which of the following would constitute a "hate crime"? a. an assault motivated by anti-gay feelings on a person believed by the offender to be gay b. an Asian gang member stealing a car from a white woman c. a white person raping a black person with whom he has been friends d. an Italian man embezzling from his workplace

a. an assault motivated by anti-gay feelings on a person believed by the offender to be gay

In the United States, African Americans are three times as likely to be poor as white people, a. and die an average of four years earlier than whites. b. but have similar levels of health due to the availability of Medicare, which pays health costs for poor people. c. but live as long as whites, on average. d. however, black women are just as likely as white women to get good prenatal care for their babies.

a. and die an average of four years earlier than whites.

The most widely used drug in the United States is probably a. caffeine. b. nicotine. c. alcohol. d. cocaine.

a. caffeine.

Marijuana and hashish are two types of a. cannabis. b. hallucinogens. c. depressants. d. hypnotics.

a. cannabis.

According to which political viewpoint are issues concerning sexuality seen in terms of traditional morality? a. conservative b. liberal c. radical left d. radical right

a. conservative

About what percentage of homeless people have a substance abuse problem? a. 6 percent b. 26 percent c. 50 percent d. 86 percent

c. 50 percent

From which political position do people view pornography as weakening a society's moral virtue and threatening the stability of marriage and family? a. conservative b. radical left c. liberal d. all political positions

a. conservative

Illegal actions by a business or others acting on its behalf is called a. corporate crime. b. organized crime. c. white-collar crime. d. victimless crime.

a. corporate crime.

Which term refers to subsequent offenses committed by people previously convicted of crimes? a. criminal recidivism b. specific deterrence c. mens rea d. shock probation

a. criminal recidivism

According to the liberal view, government programs (such as Social Security) are a. crucial to meeting the needs of the elder population. b. actually hurting the interests of the elderly. c. weakening families. d. more generous than they should be.

a. crucial to meeting the needs of the elder population.

Sexual assault in which offender and victim have some personal relationship is called a. date rape. b. stalking. c. forcible rape. d. statutory rape.

a. date rape.

What policy would remove the current criminal penalties that punish the manufacturing, sale, and personal use of drugs? a. decriminalization b. normalization c. prohibition d. participation

a. decriminalization

The fear of lawsuits may prompt doctors to order additional tests and procedures just to protect themselves—a strategy called a. defensive medicine. b. counter litigation. c. malpractice. d. preventative medicine.

a. defensive medicine.

Which category of drugs slows the operation of the central nervous system? a. depressants b. stimulants c. hallucinogens d. "uppers"

a. depressants

Which concept refers to a medical care system in which patients or their insurers pay directly for the services of physicians and hospitals? a. direct-fee b. single-payer c. socialized medicine d. preferred provider

a. direct-fee

Which of the following terms refers to assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease? a. euthanasia b. living will c. justifiable homicide d. negotiated death

a. euthanasia

The average age of the U.S. workforce is a. going up. b. going down. c. staying about the same. d. going up for men and going down for women.

a. going up.

Which of the following refers to a viewpoint that sees a pattern of bias that treats heterosexuality as the norm, while stigmatizing anyone who differs from this norm as "queer?" a. heterosexism b. feminism c. homosexism d. pro-hetero bias

a. heterosexism

Because medical advances now save the lives of people who, decades ago, would have died, the share of our population with a disability is a. increasing. b. about the same as it was. c. falling slowly. d. falling rapidly.

a. increasing.

Suppose that a police SWAT team kills members of a terrorist group who are holding innocent citizens hostage. These police actions illustrate which type of violence? a. institutional b. anti-institutional c. collective d. bureaucratic

a. institutional

31. Anorexia nervosa a. is a form of compulsive dieting leading people to eat too little to maintain a healthy body weight. b. is a personality disorder involve acute anxiety attacks. c. is an illness that affects mostly men over the age of fifty. d. is a treatment used in cases of mental illness.

a. is a form of compulsive dieting leading people to eat too little to maintain a healthy body weight.

If you argue that health care is a right that everyone should have, you are speaking from which position on the political spectrum? a. left of center b. right of center c. far right d. all positions agree on this

a. left of center

According to which political point of view is prostitution wrong because it harms women, and sexual harassment wrong because it prevents people from doing their jobs? a. liberal b. conservative c. radical right d. every point of view

a. liberal

If you believe that a solution to the problem of guns and violence is enacting laws that make guns harder to get, you are probably a. liberal. b. conservative. c. not very political. d. on the far-right politically.

a. liberal.

When it comes to the health of the overall population, in comparison with most other high-income nations, the United States ranks a. lower. b. about the same. c. somewhat higher. d. much higher.

a. lower.

The killing of twenty-six people at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012 is an example of a. mass murder. b. serial murder. c. a hate crime. d. institutional violence.

a. mass murder.

Of the following illnesses, which probably carries the greatest stigma? a. mental illness b. paralysis c. cancer d. diabetes

a. mental illness

Which of the following is NOT an opiate? a. nicotine b. morphine c. codeine d. heroin

a. nicotine

Which term refers to rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members? a. norms b. punishment c. beliefs d. statuses

a. norms

Research analyzing the link between crime and social class shows that most arrests for street crime are of a. people of lower social position. b. middle-class people. c. upper-class people. d. people at all class levels to an equal degree.

a. people of lower social position.

Amphetamines were first developed for the medical treatment of a. personality disorders and obesity. b. hyperactivity. c. sleeplessness. d. depression.

a. personality disorders and obesity.

The two sexes have different reproductive organs (the genitals), which are also called a. primary sex characteristics. b. secondary sex characteristics. c. androgens. d. chromosomes.

a. primary sex characteristics.

Following which political perspective do people argue that drug laws reflect the interests of the rich and powerful and criminalize poor people and minorities? a. radical left b. conservative c. libertarian d. liberal

a. radical left

Which political position would lead you to claim that the government threatens civil liberties by using police power to make arrests, seize property, and monitor the lives of individuals suspected of using drugs? a. radical-right or libertarian b. conservative c. liberal d. radical-left

a. radical-right or libertarian

Psychiatrist Thomas Szasz charges that people apply the label of "insanity" to behavior that they find disturbing. According to Szasz, much behavior defined as "crazy" is a. really only "different." b. clearly illegal. c. dangerous to others. d. a physical disorder rather than mental illness.

a. really only "different."

According to government reports, about what percentage of convicted jail inmates were under the influence of some alcohol when they committed their crimes? a. 12 percent b. 33 percent c. 61 percent d. 90 percent

c. 61 percent

As of 2012, the total death toll from AIDS in the United States is about a. 6,300. b. 63,000. c. 636,000. d. 630 million.

c. 636,000.

In comparison with the word elder, commonly used in preindustrial societies, the modern term elderly a. has the same meaning. b. has a more positive meaning. c. has a more negative meaning. d. is without meaning.

c. has a more negative meaning.

What concept refers to private insurance organizations that provide medical care to subscribers for a fixed fee? a. preferred providers b. single-payers c. health maintenance organizations (HMOs) d. direct-payers

c. health maintenance organizations (HMOs)

13 Which term refers to sexual attraction to someone of the same sex? a. heterosexuality b. bisexuality c. homosexuality d. asexuality

c. homosexuality

Medicare a. serves people under the age of fifty. b. does not cover the totally and permanently disabled. c. is part of the Social Security system. d. serves only poor people.

c. is part of the Social Security system.

Which term refers to the violation of the law by young people? a. status offenses b. statutory offenses c. juvenile delinquency d. recidivism

c. juvenile delinquency

According to which political viewpoint should government keep sexuality out of the workplace and ensure that abortion is available to all women? a. radical right b. conservative c. liberal d. every point of view

c. liberal

Which political perspective is based on support for personal freedom and a tolerant view of "soft" drugs? a. conservative b. radical left c. liberal d. all perspectives agree on this

c. liberal

Most mental disorders have a. a clear biological cause. b. a clear social cause. c. many causes, both biological and social. d. no cause at all.

c. many causes, both biological and social.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the rapid rise in U.S. health care costs? a. the spread of private insurance so that people do not question the cost of care b. increasing specialization among physicians c. more use of high technology treatments d. a declining average age for the U.S. population

d. a declining average age for the U.S. population

An illness that has a long-term development is called a. a terminal disease. b. mortality. c. an acute disease. d. a chronic disease.

d. a chronic disease.

Liberal supporters of sex education note that the biggest cause of teenage pregnancy is a. lack of available birth control. b. date rape. c. ignorance about pregnancy and birth control. d. a woman's desire to get pregnant.

c. ignorance about pregnancy and birth control.

Crime against property accounts for what share of all serious offenses? a. 18 percent b. 38 percent c. 58 percent d. 88 percent

d. 88 percent

Which country recently enacted a law that targets not prostitutes, but "johns" who solicit sex? a. Denmark b. France c. Canada d. Sweden

d. Sweden

What theory states that modern societies operate more smoothly by transferring responsibilities from the elderly to younger people? a. geriatric theory b. disengagement theory c. activity theory d. age stratification theory

b. disengagement theory

Which term means using any illegal substance or to using a legal substance (such as a prescription drug) in a way that violates accepted medical practice? a. codependency b. drug abuse c. recreational drug use d. escapist drug use

b. drug abuse

The typical cocaine user is a. homeless. b. fairly affluent. c. lower-class. d. over the age of sixty.

b. fairly affluent.

There are four major justifications for punishment. Which of the following is NOT one of these? a. retribution b. guilt reduction c. deterrence d. societal protection

b. guilt reduction

In the United States, police record about how many serious crimes each year? a. 500,000 b. 1 million c. 10 million d. 100 million

c. 10 million

In 2012, how many murders were recorded by police? a. 929 b. 6,934 c. 14,827 d. 169,590

c. 14,827

On average, U.S. men and women over the age of sixty five spend what percentage of their household budget on health care? a. 1 percent b. 5 percent c. 15 percent d. 35 percent

c. 15 percent

The variable sexual behaviors among the Chukchee Eskimo and the Sambia show that a. "acceptable" sexual behavior is socially constructed. b. sexual activity reflects only human biology. c. sexual behavior is the same the world over. d. sexual behavior matters little to most people.

a. "acceptable" sexual behavior is socially constructed.

About what percentage of the U.S. population has no medical coverage? a. 15 percent b. 35 percent c. 55 percent d. 75 percent

a. 15 percent

About what percentage of U.S. seniors live in a nursing facility at any specific point in time? a. 4 percent b. 24 percent c. 44 percent d. 64 percent

a. 4 percent

In 2012, police cleared what percentage of motor-vehicle thefts? a. 7.4 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 74 percent

a. 7.4 percent

In what region of the world is the AIDS epidemic most serious? a. Africa b. Europe c. Asia d. North America

a. Africa

The man who founded Alcoholics Anonymous is a. Bill Wilson. b. Jim Sonjean. c. Dick von Musslewhite. d. William Bennett.

a. Bill Wilson.

What British nurse and physician helped establish the hospice movement? a. Cicely Saunders b. Cicely Tyson c. Florence Nightingale d. Mother Theresa

a. Cicely Saunders

Read the following statements about HIV/AIDS. Which statement is correct? a. Non-Hispanic African Americans are ten times more likely than non-Hispanic whites to become infected with HIV. b. Hispanic Americans are less likely than non-Hispanic whites to become infected with HIV. c. Both African Americans and Hispanics are less likely to become infected with HIV because of inborn immunities. d. The number of new AIDS cases in the United States each year has been increasing.

a. Non-Hispanic African Americans are ten times more likely than non-Hispanic whites to become infected with HIV.

Which of the following statements about elderly widows (females) or widowers (males) remarrying is correct? a. Widowers are more likely to remarry than widows. b. Widows are more likely to remarry than widowers. c. Widowers and widows are equally likely to remarry. d. Widows and widowers rarely remarry.

a. Widowers are more likely to remarry than widows.

As conservatives see it, a. a healthy society is built on strong families that care for their members. b. today's society has strong family ties. c. elderly people should band together and demand greater benefits. d. government has the major responsibility to provide income to elderly people.

a. a healthy society is built on strong families that care for their members.

Health is defined by the World Health Organization as a. a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. b. physical and mental well-being without the need for drugs or other interventions. c. a relative and socially constructed state of well-being. d. the physical well-being that can be reasonably expected given a society's standard of living.

a. a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Research indicates that about what percentage of U.S. adult men report engaging in at least some homosexual activity? a. about 5 percent b. about 10 percent c. about 15 percent d. close to 20 percent

a. about 5 percent

In terms of health care, liberals a. accept the idea of most doctors and hospitals operating for profit, but emphasize that government programs should be expanded so that everyone receives care. b. oppose allowing physicians and health-care agencies to compete freely in a market system. c. oppose "for profit" medicine while favoring a government-run system for all. d. believe the government should not be responsible for people's "bad choices."

a. accept the idea of most doctors and hospitals operating for profit, but emphasize that government programs should be expanded so that everyone receives care.

Suppose that a physician administered a lethal injection to a dying person to bring a painless end to life. This would be called a. active euthanasia b. complex euthanasia c. passive euthanasia d. physician-assisted suicide

a. active euthanasia

Jorge has a beer or a glass of wine with dinner from time to time because these drinks taste good with the food and make him feel relaxed. His behavior illustrates which reason for using drugs (in this case, alcohol)? a. recreational b. therapeutic c. spiritual or psychological d. escape

a. recreational

The Fair Sentencing Act, passed in 2010, was enacted to a. reduce the disparity in sentencing for crack possession versus cocaine possession. b. eliminate the disparity in sentencing for crack possession versus cocaine possession. c. ensure that the Three Strikes law can never be repealed. d. repeal the Three Strikes law.

a. reduce the disparity in sentencing for crack possession versus cocaine possession.

In a study of a declining neighborhood along the coast of Southern California, Barbara Myerhoff found that, above all, elderly residents wanted to a. remain independent. b. go out at night. c. move to senior citizen housing d. move in with their adult children.

a. remain independent.

In 1914, U.S. Congress passed the Harrison Act, which a. restricted the sale of heroin and cocaine. b. banned the sale and manufacturing of alcohol. c. prohibited the medical dispensing of opiate-derivative drugs. d. legalized certain forms of opiate-derivative drugs.

a. restricted the sale of heroin and cocaine.

Which serious crime is both a property crime and a violent crime? a. robbery b. aggravated assault c. rape d. murder

a. robbery

In 1970, feminist Kate Millet argued that sex was really about power, and that as long as men viewed women primarily as sexual creatures and women accepted this definition of themselves, men would dominate women. The work of Millet and other feminists led to defining which of the following as a new social problem? a. sexism b. androgyny c. sexual preference d. sexuality

a. sexism

Unwanted comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature constitute a. sexual harassment. b. popular culture. c. sexual assault. d. stalking.

a. sexual harassment.

Intersection theory helps us to see that a. some categories of elders confront greater disadvantages than others. b. disengagement is functional for society as a whole. c. physicians must play a part in a "negotiated death." d. the poverty rate for seniors is declining over time.

a. some categories of elders confront greater disadvantages than others.

The notion of the "sick role," a pattern of behavior expected of people defined as ill, is reflected in which of these theoretical approaches? a. structural functional b. social conflict c. symbolic interaction d. feminist

a. structural functional

Which theoretical approach points out that society solves the problem of people's physical decline by disengaging the elderly, transferring their roles and responsibilities to younger people? a. structural-functional approach b. social-conflict approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. social-disorganization approach

a. structural-functional approach

The story of sexual activity among students at the high school in Jefferson City, Missouri, shows a. that about half of the sexually active students were "chained together" through a few sexual partners. b. only about 15 percent of the students were sexually active. c. almost all of the sexually active students had multiple partners. d. about a third of the sexually active male students had same-sex partners.

a. that about half of the sexually active students were "chained together" through a few sexual partners.

Our society's use of due process, involving police, courts, and punishment, to enforce the law. is called a. the criminal justice system. b. rational-legal authority. c. the normative structure. d. bureaucratic control system.

a. the criminal justice system.

In Japan, a very low birthrate has resulted in a. the proportion of Japan's population over the age of sixty-five is increasing faster than in any other country. b. the nation's population will continue to increase for decades to come. c. the number of elderly people is steadily declining. d. there are now far more males than females in the population.

a. the proportion of Japan's population over the age of sixty-five is increasing faster than in any other country.

During the 1970s, a conservative call for a return to traditional "family values" developed; this movement came to be called a. the sexual counterrevolution. b. the abstinence movement. c. prohibition. d. the new Puritanism.

a. the sexual counterrevolution.

Which theoretical analysis highlights age stratification, pointing out ways that society limits older people's opportunities and resources? a. the social-conflict approach b. the structural-functional approach c. the symbolic-interaction approach d. the social-disorganization approach

a. the social-conflict approach

The structural-functional approach calls attention to a. the ways in which drugs can be helpful and harmful to the orderly operation of society. b. the varying meanings that people attach to drugs. c. how officials have approved some drugs, but outlawed others. d. the labels that certain drugs acquire over time.

a. the ways in which drugs can be helpful and harmful to the orderly operation of society.

In Great Britain, a. there is a dual system with both government and private medical services. b. the National Health Service provides reduced-cost care only to those whose low income levels qualify for it. c. the middle classes are squeezed out of health care because they cannot afford private care but do not qualify for the National Health Service. d. the health care system does a very poor job of providing medical care.

a. there is a dual system with both government and private medical services.

In terms of absolute numbers, most crimes involve offenders who are a. white. b. African American. c. Hispanic. d. Asian American.

a. white.

President Reagan advanced a conservative position defining drugs as a moral challenge and urged parents to teach their children the importance of resisting drugs, capturing this idea in the slogan a. "Drugs are bad medicine." b. "Just say no to drugs." c. "This is your brain on drugs ... any questions?" d. "Declare war on drugs."

b. "Just say no to drugs."

By 2030, according to projections, people over the age of sixty-five will represent what percentage of the U.S. population? a. 2 percent b. 20 percent c. 30 percent d. 50 percent

b. 20 percent

Source ID: n/a As of 2012, survey research shows that about what percentage of U.S. adults say that homosexual relations are wrong? a. 66 percent b. 46 percent c. 16 percent d. 6 percent

b. 46 percent

In 2012, according to government surveys, about what percentage of the U.S. population aged twelve and older had used marijuana or hashish at least once in the past thirty days? a. 2 b. 9 c. 17 d. 27

b. 9

In 2012, about what percentage of people over the age of sixty-five in the United States was living below the official poverty line? a. 3 percent b. 9 percent c. 19 percent d. 24 percent

b. 9 percent

Treatment of the mentally ill underwent reform during the 1800s due in large part to the efforts of a. Auguste B. Hollingshead. b. Dorothea Dix. c. Thomas Szasz. d. Suzanne Steinmetz.

b. Dorothea Dix.

The government-sponsored program that pays for hospital care and 80 percent of other medical care costs for people over the age of sixty-five is a. Medicaid. b. Medicare. c. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. d. National Health Insurance.

b. Medicare.

As of early 2012, which states have enacted laws allowing physicians to assist in the deaths of terminally ill people? a. California, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island b. Oregon, Washington, and Vermont c. Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi d. Michigan and Minnesota

b. Oregon, Washington, and Vermont

Which of the following statements about teenage pregnancy is true? a. Fifty years ago, the number of teens who became pregnant was much lower than it is today. b. Today, the vast majority of teenagers who become pregnant are not married. c. Today, most teenage girls who become pregnant rush to get married or put their babies up for adoption. d. Today, most teens who become pregnant intend to do so.

b. Today, the vast majority of teenagers who become pregnant are not married.

Gender affects the health of men and women in which of the following ways? a. Compared to white men, white women, and African American men, African American women have the lowest life expectancy. b. U.S. culture's definition of masculinity places men at higher risk for accidents, violence, and suicide. c. Physicians offer women more counseling about nutrition, exercise, and weight loss. d. Women's health problems are generally treated more aggressively than men's problems.

b. U.S. culture's definition of masculinity places men at higher risk for accidents, violence, and suicide.

According to the radical left view, age stratification is a. necessary to keep society operating. b. a dimension of the striking social inequality caused by the capitalist U.S. economy. c. beneficial because it makes society more productive. d. a result of insufficient planning for the future on the part of the elderly and their families.

b. a dimension of the striking social inequality caused by the capitalist U.S. economy.

From the liberal view, crime and violence are caused by a. ineffective socialization and inadequate family ties. b. a harmful societal environment such as poverty. c. a faulty conscience. d. failure to punish quickly and severely.

b. a harmful societal environment such as poverty.

Child abuse was defined as a social problem a. in colonial times by the church. b. about 1960, largely based on the activism of Dr. C. Henry Kempe. c. as part of the civil rights movement of the 1950s. d. in the 1990s as an example of sexual violence.

b. about 1960, largely based on the activism of Dr. C. Henry Kempe.

Comparing victimization survey responses to police reports shows that about what percentage of serious crime is known to police? a. less than 10 percent of violent crime and property crime b. about half of violent crime and one-third of property crime c. about half of violent crime and almost all property crime d. more than 95 percent of violent crime and property crime

b. about half of violent crime and one-third of property crime

Which of the following concepts refers to social inequality among various age categories within a society? a. ageism b. age stratification c. gerontocracy d. aristocracy

b. age stratification

Which of the following substances is NOT a stimulant? a. caffeine b. alcohol c. nicotine d. Ritalin

b. alcohol

Which term refers to having at least five drinks in a row for men, or four drinks for women, at least once in the past two weeks? a. alcohol abuse b. binge drinking c. alcoholism d. alcohol addiction

b. binge drinking

Which of the following is a crime against property? a. murder b. burglary c. fraud d. manslaughter

b. burglary

Moving police officers from automobiles to bicycles and foot patrol is part of a policy called a. discretionary enforcement. b. community policing. c. due process. d. zero tolerance policy.

b. community policing.

Which of the following defines people's responsibilities to uphold public order? a. civil law b. criminal law c. beliefs d. folkways

b. criminal law

Determining the extent of homosexuality in our population a. is easy because of its clear definition. b. depends on exactly how we define the term "homosexuality." c. is simply not possible. d. can be done only with medical tests.

b. depends on exactly how we define the term "homosexuality."

A major criticism of disengagement theory is that a. it overlooks the fact that at least some older people are not physically able to maintain a busy schedule. b. disengagement carries personal costs, including loss of status and income as well as social isolation. c. disengagement interferes with the efficiency of the labor force. d. since seniors are disadvantaged in various ways, they cannot shape their lives as they may wish to.

b. disengagement carries personal costs, including loss of status and income as well as social isolation.

Travis Hirschi argues in his control theory that what discourages crime is a. being in the middle class or the upper social class. b. having strong social ties that integrate the person within the community. c. having good genes. d. not being labeled as likely to commit crimes.

b. having strong social ties that integrate the person within the community.

The leading cause of death among African American men aged fifteen to thirty-four is a. malnutrition. b. homicide. c. drugs abuse. d. AIDS.

b. homicide.

What type of facility offers homelike care that provides physical and emotional comfort to dying people and their families? a. a nursing home b. hospice c. a hospital d. a rehabilitation facility

b. hospice

Sexual activity may involve human biology, but sociologists focus on the fact that it is also guided by a. individual psychology. b. human culture. c. hormones. d. genetics.

b. human culture.

Which term refers to efforts to stop drugs from moving across this country's borders? a. interference b. interdiction c. interstate prevention d. interrogatories

b. interdiction

Research suggests that sexual orientation a. is culturally determined. b. is primarily innate or based in human biology. c. is a matter of choice. d. is easily changed.

b. is primarily innate or based in human biology.

Which of the following is the most common of all serious crimes tracked by the FBI? a. aggravated assault b. larceny-theft c. burglary d. robbery

b. larceny-theft

Which of the following terms refers to the average life span of a country's population? a. longevity b. life expectancy c. life course d. age cohort

b. life expectancy

Because people may look at someone and see only a disability rather than that person's abilities, a disability can operate as a a. self image. b. master status. c. medical condition. d. temporary condition.

b. master status.

Rick has been charged with an offense that carries a maximum penalty of a 90-day jail sentence; he has been charged with a a. status offense. b. misdemeanor. c. vice crime. d. felony.

b. misdemeanor.

According to the liberal view regarding caring for elders, individuals and families should a. not be involved at all. b. not have to solve these problems by themselves. c. save significant amounts of money for the future. d. expect to have their elderly relatives live with them.

b. not have to solve these problems by themselves.

According to official statistics describing murder, a. most murder victims are female. b. offenders and victims are generally of the same race. c. offenders and victims are generally of a different race. d. most offenders and victims are members of the same family.

b. offenders and victims are generally of the same race.

Today, a new chapter in the sexual revolution is evident among a. spiritual people who are giving up sexual activity. b. older people who want to remain sexually active as long as possible. c. people who are marrying more than one partner. d. people who now call for greater government regulation of sexual activity.

b. older people who want to remain sexually active as long as possible.

In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution a. repealed Prohibition. b. outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcohol across the country. c. legalized all tobacco products. d. prohibited the sale and distribution of opiate-derivative drugs.

b. outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcohol across the country.

David, Sarah's supervisor at work, invites her to dinner. Politely, Sarah tells David that she would rather not. David persists and asks her again, this time indicating that he finds her very "foxy." David implies that Sarah could be promoted if she agrees to date him. Sarah tells David that she does not want to go out with him. David persists, asking Sarah several more times a day to go out with him. He implies that, continuing to say "no," she may lose out on a promotion. According to federal statutes and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Sarah appears to be the victim of a. latent assault. b. quid pro quo harassment. c. sexual assault. d. mens rea discrimination.

b. quid pro quo harassment.

Source ID: n/a Which category of drugs has a wide-ranging effect on the central nervous system, helping people to relax and, at higher doses, cause drowsiness and sleep? a. analgesics b. sedatives c. antipsychotics d. hallucinogens

b. sedatives

What concept refers to the biological distinction between females and males? a. gender b. sex c. androgyny d. sexual orientation

b. sex

Which concept refers to an individual's romantic, emotional, and sexual attraction to another person? a. sexuality b. sexual orientation c. sex roles d. gender roles

b. sexual orientation

Alfred Kinsey's 1940s and 1950s research on sex a. was condemned by the U.S. federal government. b. showed that many people in our society were less conventional about sex than had been popularly believed. c. was based on a carefully selected and representative sample of people. d. was all but ignored by the mass media.

b. showed that many people in our society were less conventional about sex than had been popularly believed.

In 1950, people in the United States typically retired at about age sixty-eight; after dropping to age sixty-three in 2005, by 2012, the retirement-age number was about a. fifty-five. b. sixty-five. c. sixty-nine. d. seventy.

b. sixty-five.

What is the term for a medical care system in which the government owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most physicians? a. health maintenance organization (HMO) b. socialized medicine c. private fee system d. capitalist medicine

b. socialized medicine

Sociologists argue that stages of life are a. defined by biological changes. b. socially constructed. c. rooted in psychological states. d. exactly the same around the world.

b. socially constructed.

Most elders prefer to "age in place," meaning that they a. remain in the same job they had when they were younger. b. stay in the homes where they lived while working and raising their children. c. seek places to live where aging is easily accommodated, such as assisted living facilities. d. expect their capabilities to remain the same as they age.

b. stay in the homes where they lived while working and raising their children

According to which theory does the incest taboo exist to prevent close blood kin from reproducing, making family relationships hopelessly confusing? a. social-conflict approach b. structural-functional approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. social-disorganization approach

b. structural-functional approach

The global region with the highest number of cases of HIV is a. southeast Asia. b. sub-Saharan Africa. c. North America. d. Latin America.

b. sub-Saharan Africa.

For more than a century, Sweden has a. been struggling with increasing costs of its privately controlled health care. b. taken the socialist approach that health care is a basic right for all citizens. c. required employers to pay most health care expenses. d. provided minimal health care for lower-income people, while those with higher incomes purchase health care from private hospitals and doctors.

b. taken the socialist approach that health care is a basic right for all citizens.

The muxe of central Mexico are transgendered people, a fact that reminds us a. that sexual activity is a direct expression of human biology. b. that a society can recognize more than two gender categories. c. that transgendered people exist only in this region of the world. d. that all cultures condemn people who challenge gender norms.

b. that a society can recognize more than two gender categories.

Which of the following categories of people has an especially low life expectancy? a. women b. the Oglala Sioux Indians of South Dakota c. residents of suburban communities d. affluent white males

b. the Oglala Sioux Indians of South Dakota

In which of the world's high-income countries do the most people have direct responsibility for most of their medical expenses? a. Great Britain b. the United States c. Switzerland d. Canada

b. the United States

Because African Americans and the poor are more likely to use crack, while white people are more likely to use cocaine, critics claim that stronger sentences for crack than for cocaine reflect not the drug but a. who produces the drugs. b. the drug users. c. who sells the drugs. d. who makes the arrest.

b. the drug users.

From the radical left view, the real crime in U.S. society is a. the absence of swift and effective punishment. b. the extent of economic inequality. c. people's weak consciences. d. inadequacy of the family and community in properly socializing and integrating people.

b. the extent of economic inequality.

One good measure of a society's health is the percentage of babies who die in their first year of life for each thousand live births. What concept is used to track this pattern? a. infant morbidity b. the infant mortality rate c. the infant death expectancy rate d. the first-year life span success rate

b. the infant mortality rate

Deinstitutionalization refers to a. the demolition of most old mental hospitals. b. the release of people from mental hospitals into local communities. c. the integration of mental hospitals on the basis of race, ethnicity, and gender. d. the combining of mental hospitals and prisons in one facility.

b. the release of people from mental hospitals into local communities.

The concept of prostitution is defined as a. any business exchange that involves an element of sexuality. b. the selling of sexual services. c. exchanging resources within a sexual context. d. selling of services in which the less powerful person has little choice but to comply.

b. the selling of sexual services.

The fact that the death of a spouse is a very difficult experience helps explain why a. surviving partners thrive once this transition is behind them. b. the surviving partner is at high risk of death, sometimes by suicide. c. divorce rates are high as people enter old age. d. single people typically outlive married people.

b. the surviving partner is at high risk of death, sometimes by suicide

Which type of offense directly harms no one but the offenders? a. organized crime b. victimless crime c. white-collar crime d. corporate crime

b. victimless crime

Embezzlement is an example of which type of crime? a. corporate crime b. white-collar crime c. status offense d. victimless crime

b. white-collar crime

Among full-time workers, women aged twenty-five to forty-four earn 77 percent as much as comparably aged men. Among people approaching retirement age (forty-five to sixty-four years) women earn _______ percent as much as men in the same age category. a. 34 b. 54 c. 74 d. 94

c. 74

Until the early 1900s, which popular new "brain tonic" included cocaine as one of its ingredients? a. Dr. Feelgood's Tonic b. Alka-Seltzer c. Coca-Cola d. Doan's Pills

c. Coca-Cola

The Federal Bureau of Investigation compiles an annual publication of crime reports from police departments across the country, called a. National Crime Index. b. FBI Crime Report: Criminal Archives. c. Crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Report. d. American Investigative Crime Survey.

c. Crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Report.

Which of the following phrases represents the symbolic-interaction approach to understanding sexuality? a. Society must control sexuality—that is, must control who reproduces with whom—to maintain social order. b. The problem of patriarchy contributes to other problems, such as prostitution and pornography, both of which involve men devaluing women. c. Patterns of sexuality and the way people understand them vary from place to place and over time. d. Opposes the heterosexism in our culture and seeks acceptance of homosexuality alongside heterosexuality.

c. Patterns of sexuality and the way people understand them vary from place to place and over time.

Which one of the following statements is correct? a. Most elderly men and most elderly women live alone. b. Most elderly men live alone; most elderly women live with a husband. c. Seventy-two percent of elderly men live with a wife; just 42 percent of elderly women live with a husband. d. Eighty percent of both elderly men and elderly women live with a spouse.

c. Seventy-two percent of elderly men live with a wife; just 42 percent of elderly women live with a husband.

Canada has what type of health care system? a. There is a dual system with both government and private medical services. b. There is a private care system. c. The government operates like a large insurance company, paying physicians and hospitals from tax revenues. d. The government requires people to obtain health care from employers.

c. The government operates like a large insurance company, paying physicians and hospitals from tax revenues.

In which European city did an experiment in removing criminal penalties for use of drugs including heroin turn out badly? a. Amsterdam b. Stockholm c. Zurich d. London

c. Zurich

Which of the following terms refers to a physical or psychological craving for a drug? a. drug abuse b. recreational drug use c. addiction d. withdrawal

c. addiction

Portraying elderly people as a whole as senile, rigid, or old-fashioned is an example of a. racism. b. classism. c. ageism. d. sexism.

c. ageism.

Which of the following, with the exception of nicotine, is the most addictive drug available legally without a prescription? a. ibuprofen b. caffeine c. alcohol d. acetaminophen

c. alcohol

Which type of depressants dull pain? a. barbiturates b. hypnotics c. analgesics d. sedatives

c. analgesics

In 1972, Congress passed Title IX of the Higher Education Amendment, which a. made racial discrimination illegal at schools, colleges, and universities. b. made sex discrimination illegal at schools, colleges, and universities. c. banned sex discrimination in schools, colleges, and universities receiving federal funds. d. banned age discrimination at all state universities.

c. banned sex discrimination in schools, colleges, and universities receiving federal funds.

In 1933, the U.S. Congress repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, a. making opiate-derivative drugs legal. b. prohibiting the sale of tobacco products to minors. c. bringing an end to the Prohibition of alcohol. d. legalizing both heroin and morphine.

c. bringing an end to the Prohibition of alcohol.

According to the text, hallucinogens a. are highly addictive. b. almost always bring pleasure to the user. c. can trigger panic attacks that are terrifying to users. d. have no effect on many people.

c. can trigger panic attacks that are terrifying to users.

If you were studying informal and unpaid care provided to a dependent person by family members, other relatives, or friends, which of the following would be your focus? a. day care b. disengagement c. caregiving d. hospice

c. caregiving

Sexual harassment legislation is concerned with not just with the offender's intent but also the effects of the offender's behavior. Laws also ban any behavior that a. causes no harm to the person being harassed. b. is overt, intentional, and conducted with malice. c. creates a hostile environment. d. is overt, planned, and conducted with intent to discriminate.

c. creates a hostile environment.

Which term refers to the violation of the criminal laws enacted by federal, state, or local governments? a. deviance b. mores c. crime d. corrections

c. crime

Which of the following is NOT one of the medical cost-controlling techniques discussed in the text? a. preadmission testing b. performing procedures on an outpatient basis c. denying care to people without insurance d. regulating the length of hospitalization

c. denying care to people without insurance

Jeffrey is a paraplegic and uses a wheelchair. Jeffrey has a(n) a. disease. b. mental disorder. c. disability. d. activity determinant.

c. disability.

Programs such as DARE are examples of which general policy? a. interdiction b. treatment c. education d. prosecution

c. education

As of 2014, same-sex marriage was legal in a. every state. b. only California. c. eighteen states. d. none of the states.

c. eighteen states.

The most common source of support and companionship for elderly people is a. community senior citizen centers. b. religious institutions. c. family members. d. educational programs like Elderhostel.

c. family members.

Which term refers to a branch of the social sciences dealing with aging and the elderly? a. geriatrics b. aging c. gerontology d. gerontocracy

c. gerontology

The presence of so much violence in the mass media a. has resulted in effective government action to eliminate it. b. appears to have little effect on the people who view violence. c. may have the effect of desensitizing us all to violence. d. was a major issue debated during the 2012 presidential election.

c. may have the effect of desensitizing us all to violence.

Which of the following is an acute disease? a. stroke b. heart disease c. measles d. cancer

c. measles

According to research published in 2013, what proportion of the U.S. adult population reports being afraid to walk alone at night in their own communities? a. one-tenth b. one-fifth c. one-third d. two-thirds

c. one-third

The statistics found in Crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Report are based on a. all crimes that are committed. b. only violent crime. c. only crimes known to the police. d. all unreported crimes.

c. only crimes known to the police.

Of all prescription drugs, the most often abused are a. amphetamines. b. stimulants. c. painkillers. d. antipsychotics.

c. painkillers.

What is the term for doctors stopping the treatment of a terminally ill person by turning off respirators or other life-support machines? a. active euthanasia b. positive euthanasia c. passive euthanasia d. negative life support

c. passive euthanasia

In 1987, Congress passed legislation that a. set ages of mandatory retirement for everyone. b. allowed each state to decide if mandatory retirement should exist. c. required employers to phase out mandatory retirement policies. d. made mandatory retirement policies optional for companies.

c. required employers to phase out mandatory retirement policies.

According to disengagement theory, what event eases aging people out of productive roles while they are still capable of performing them? a. illness b. infirmity c. retirement d. death

c. retirement

The text observes that the Southeast Asian nation of Thailand has become a center for the global a. fashion. b. electronics. c. sex tourism. d. pornography.

c. sex tourism.

Marxist theory sees crime as a product of a. moral boundaries. b. labeling. c. social inequality. d. a lack of psychological adjustment.

c. social inequality.

Which theoretical analysis points out that the social standing of drug users is related to how severely our society punishes illegal drug use? a. structural-functional analysis b. symbolic-interaction analysis c. social-conflict analysis d. social-disorganization analysis

c. social-conflict analysis

Since the Soviet Union's 1991 collapse, the health-care system in the Russian Federation is a. privately operated. b. based on a health maintenance organization (HMO) format. c. still mostly under government control. d. outsourced to a health consortium run by a group of eastern European nations.

c. still mostly under government control.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and attention deficit disorder (ADD) are typically treated with which type of drug? a. amphetamines b. analgesics c. stimulants d. antidepressants

c. stimulants

Which category of drug increases alertness, changing a person's mood by increasing energy? a. depressants b. hallucinogens c. stimulants d. antidepressants

c. stimulants

Activity theory is an application of which theoretical approach? a. structural-functional approach b. social-conflict approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. social-disorganization approach

c. symbolic-interaction approach

During which decade did young people first speak of a "sexual revolution" as they embraced a culture of greater sexual freedom? a. the 1940s b. the 1950s c. the 1960s d. the 1970s

c. the 1960s

In 1990, which act of Congress outlawed discrimination against people with disabilities in employment and public accommodations, including hotels, theaters, restaurants, and stores? a. the Civil Rights Act, Title XV b. the Medicare Disabled Persons Amendment c. the Americans with Disabilities Act d. the Equal Access Act

c. the Americans with Disabilities Act

Shawna takes drugs to control her seizure disorder. This illustrates which reason for using drugs? a. social conformity b. spiritual or psychological c. therapeutic d. recreational

c. therapeutic

From the conservative view, the most effective social control in reference to crime is a. police. b. deterrence. c. values that produce a strong individual conscience. d. the criminal justice system.

c. values that produce a strong individual conscience.

Conservatives see which of the following as the main cause of problems faced by the elderly? a. government cutbacks in funding b. traditional stereotypes about aging c. weaker families d. rapid social change

c. weaker families

The majority of caregiving to elderly people in the U.S. is provided by a. senior daycare facilities. b. nursing homes. c. women. d. other elderly people.

c. women

Our society began to define elder abuse as a social problem in the a. 1950s. b. 1960s. c. 1970s. d. 1980s.

d. 1980s.

About what percentage of college students engage in binge drinking at least once in the past month? a. 2 percent b. 10 percent c. 20 percent d. 40 percent

d. 40 percent

In 2010, what percentage of reported murders in the United States resulted in arrests? a. 3 percent b. 23 percent c. 43 percent d. 63 percent

d. 63 percent

In the United States, each year, about how many teenage girls become pregnant? a. 760 b. 7,600 c. 76,000 d. 768,000

d. 768,000

What percentage of the 62,000 centenarians in the United States (people aged 100 years or older) are women? a. 22 percent b. 42 percent c. 62 percent d. 82 percent

d. 82 percent

Which of these is NOT one of the factors that commonly influences whether violence is likely to be defined as a social problem? a. Does the violence conform to or violate social norms and values? b. Does the violence support the social order? c. Is the violence committed by or against the government? d. Does the violence cause physical harm to any person?

d. Does the violence cause physical harm to any person?

The cost to live in a retirement community is typically between $2,000 and $6,000 per month for an apartment and meals. In addition, residents must usually pay entrance fees of as much as a. a month's rent. b. six months of Social Security payments. c. a half a million dollars. d. a quarter of a million dollars.

d. a quarter of a million dollars.

Sociologist Dianne Herman claims that our way of life links sex and violence; therefore, she concludes that we live in what she calls a. a competitive society. b. a Puritanical society. c. a self-centered culture. d. a rape culture.

d. a rape culture.

Drugs like Lithium and Haldol are a. hallucinogens. b. stimulants. c. antidepressants. d. antipsychotics.

d. antipsychotics.

The official profile of the typical "street criminal" is based on a. prosecutions. b. courtroom convictions. c. the prison population. d. arrest data from the FBI.

d. arrest data from the FBI.

Which concept refers to sexual attraction to people of both sexes? a. homosexuality b. asexuality c. heterosexuality d. bisexuality

d. bisexuality

Our culture's tendency to define women in terms of physical attractiveness a. is a major factor in how many women now participate in athletics and take steroids. b. is directly related to women living longer because they take better care of themselves. c. is functional for women and for society in that women are likely to maintain their health in order to produce healthier offspring. d. can lead to eating disorders, which in turn cause other serious health problems.

d. can lead to eating disorders, which in turn cause other serious health problems.

In the United States, which of the following is, by far, the single greatest preventable cause of death? a. amphetamine overdose b. barbiturate overdose c. heroin use d. cigarette smoking

d. cigarette smoking

When family members try to earn extra money, hide evidence of accidents, or directly provide drugs to an abuser in an effort to "keep the peace," they are engaged in a. addictive dependency. b. structural support. c. restrictive bargaining. d. codependency.

d. codependency.

In the United States, the number of new cases of AIDS has been a. fluctuating up and down year to year. b. staying the same. c. increasing. d. declining.

d. declining.

Jacob has adjusted to the regular use of pain killers and needs to continue using these drugs in order to feel comfortable. Jacob's relationship with pain killers can best be described as a. consumption. b. withdrawal. c. recreational use. d. dependency.

d. dependency.

Which term refers to a more serious crime punishable by at least one year in prison? a. capital offense b. misdemeanor c. civil infraction d. felony

d. felony

Which theoretical approach links patterns of health to inequality based on gender? a. symbolic interaction b. structural functional c. social conflict d. feminist

d. feminist

In a ______, the greatest wealth, power, and prestige belong to a society's oldest members. a. theocracy b. democracy c. meritocracy d. gerontocracy

d. gerontocracy

About what percentage of people with AIDS in the United States were infected through homosexual activity? a. almost none b. one tenth c. one-fourth d. half

d. half

About what share of inmates in federal prisons are there for drug offenses? a. almost all b. one-third c. one-sixth d. half

d. half

Men are more likely than women to engage in sexual harassment, just as most victims of this offense are women. This is true primarily because men a. are innately more assertive than women. b. are larger and stronger than women. c. are more likely to break the law. d. hold most positions of power in society.

d. hold most positions of power in society.

Social epidemiology is the study of a. how contaminated foodstuffs, such as peanut butter that contains salmonella, are distributed throughout the country. b. the social effects of rapid technological change, such as the Internet or automobile. c. the spread of social phenomena, such as poverty, teen pregnancy, or crime, though a society's population. d. how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population.

d. how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population.

Ritalin (methylphenidate hydrochloride) is a drug doctors prescribe to treat a. seizure conditions. b. chronic pain. c. depression. d. hyperactivity disorders.

d. hyperactivity disorders.

Conservatives point out that, as more schools have adopted sex education programs over the past two decades, the level of sexual activity among teenagers has a. declined dramatically. b. declined slightly. c. stayed about the same. d. increased.

d. increased.

According to the text, the U.S. nursing shortage is resulting in a. declining respect for nurses. b. fewer people earning nursing degrees. c. lower salaries and benefits for nurses. d. increasing salaries for nurses.

d. increasing salaries for nurses.

Which of the following is NOT a high-risk behavior in terms of HIV infection? a. anal sex b. sharing needles c. using any drug that affects judgment d. kissing

d. kissing

Which theory states that crime and other deviance results not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions? a. control theory b. differential association theory c. strain theory d. labeling theory

d. labeling theory

Norms that are formally created through a society's political system are referred to as a. values. b. mores. c. folkways. d. laws.

d. laws.

Which term refers to a condition involving thinking, mood, or behavior that causes distress and reduces a person's ability to function in everyday life? a. physical disorder b. chronic disorder c. acute disorder d. mental disorder

d. mental disorder

How many different sexually transmitted diseases are reported in the United States? a. fewer than ten b. about fifteen c. about twenty d. more than fifty

d. more than fifty

With regard to biological theories of crime, a. there is clear evidence linking criminality to specific genetic traits. b. several biological theories explain violent crime but not property crime. c. several biological theories explain property crime but not violent crime. d. most people convicted of crimes are biologically just like the rest of us.

d. most people convicted of crimes are biologically just like the rest of us.

About what percentage of the adult population in the United States suffers from a mental illness at some point in their lives? a. one-tenth b. one-fifth c. one-third d. one-half

d. one-half

In terms of health care, conservatives a. oppose allowing physicians and health-care agencies to compete freely in a market system. b. believe a free and just society should strive for equality in issues as basic as health care. c. favor allowing physicians and health-care agencies to compete freely in a market system. d. oppose "for profit" medicine while favoring a system of coverage for all.

d. oppose "for profit" medicine while favoring a system of coverage for all.

During the Prohibition era, when the government outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, which type of crime led to criminals gaining both wealth and power by making and distributing liquor to an eager public? a. corporate crime b. white collar crime c. victimless crime d. organized crime

d. organized crime

More people in the United States are ending up with a chronic and disabling condition, ranging from arthritis (inflammation of the joints) to Alzheimer's disease (loss of brain function) mainly because a. these conditions affect the poor. b. antibiotics are losing their effectiveness. c. these conditions are contagious. d. people are living longer.

d. people are living longer.

For which of the following offenses do police arrest mostly women? a. larceny-theft b. fraud c. arson d. prostitution

d. prostitution

Which of the following is a medical approach to the treatment of mental illness? a. psychotherapy b. incarceration c. deinstitutionalization d. psychoactive drugs

d. psychoactive drugs

In what category of disorders does the mind appear to affect the body? a. psychological b. sociopathic c. personality d. psychosomatic

d. psychosomatic

Which of the following is a crime against persons? a. burglary b. larceny-theft c. arson d. robbery

d. robbery

When people mature, they typically display different physical traits, with females developing breasts and wider hips, while males develop more muscle and body hair. These traits are called a. primary sex characteristics. b. the genitals. c. gender differences. d. secondary sex characteristics.

d. secondary sex characteristics.

In societies with which type of economy does the government control most economic activity, including providing medical services and operating hospitals and clinics? a. mostly capitalist economies b. mixed economies c. global economies d. socialist economies

d. socialist economies

Emile Durkheim reasoned that crime is quite normal and performs important functions for the operation of society. This assessment fits which theoretical approach? a. social-conflict approach b. symbolic-interaction approach c. labeling theory d. structural-functional approach

d. structural-functional approach

Which theoretical analysis focuses on the changing ways we define any particular drug over time? a. structural-functional analysis b. social-conflict analysis c. feminist analysis d. symbolic-interaction analysis

d. symbolic-interaction analysis

Of the levels of "old" discussed in the text, which category is increasing the most rapidly in number? a. the "younger old" b. the "elder old" c. the "older old" d. the "oldest old"

d. the "oldest old"

Which term refers to the socially constructed stages people pass through as they live out their lives? a. aging b. geriatrics c. gerontology d. the life course

d. the life course

Beginning in the nineteenth century, doctors considered people "addicted" if they suffered physical symptoms when they stopped using particular drugs. These physical symptoms are referred to as a. drug abuse. b. codependency. c. recreational drug use. d. withdrawal.

d. withdrawal.

The term "pornography" refers to a. any form of personal expression that is defined as obscene. b. any imagery that is illegal. c. any type of unnatural sex. d. words or images intended to cause sexual arousal.

d. words or images intended to cause sexual arousal.