Sociology Exam #1
Karl Marx described class conflict as the
"engine of history"
The term sociology was coined in 1839 by
Auguste Comte
How is individual behavior understood with the sociological perspective?
Behavior is often predictable from the categories to which the person belongs
Anticipatory socialization refers to trying to avoid unpleasant social experiences
False
Cultural relativism means using your own cultural standars to evaluate another culture
False
In cooley's "looking-glass self" our interpretations of other people's perceptions of us are usually correct
False
Mead's concepts of the I and Me are close parallels of Freud's concepts of the id and superego
False
Punctuality is a universal folkway
False
Socialization ends with adolescence
False
Microsociology
Focuses on the study of interactions in daily life
Peter Berger described using the sociological perspective as seeing the
General in the particular
Which woman helped launch the study of sociology by studying the evils of slavery?
Harriet Martineau
A car serving as a status symbol is an example of a
Latent function
According to Emile Durkheim, a category of people with a higher suicide rate typically has
Lower social integration
The sociologist who called on his colleagues to be value free was
Max Weber
What is the difference between values and norms?
Norms are based on values
Erik K. Erikson's view of socialization
Personality develops over the entire life course in patterned stages
If a measurement is _________, it produces similar results each time it is used
Reliable
Ethnocentrism can be functional
True
The extent of schooling in a society is closely tied to its level of development
True
The structural-functional approach sees culture as a relatively stable system of integrated patterns people use to meet their needs
True
To fi in, some subcultures have adapted to larger society but maintain some of their traditional customs
True
Positivism
a way of understanding the world based on science
Jean Piaget focused on
cognition
Subculture
cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a population
Auguste Comte
develeoped positivism, social statistics, and social dynamics
Wright Mills
first described "the sociological imagination"
Cultural change is set by
invention, discovery, and diffusion
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis holds that
our view of the world depends on the particular language we have learned
Gecas and Shwalbe say that the idea of the looking glass self depicts humans as
over-socialized and passive conformists
Anomie
society provides little moral guidance to individuals
The theoretical approach that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the
structural-functional approach
Which theoretical approach claims that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as what meaning they attach to their behavior?
symbolic interaction approach
The part of the self that considers the social consequences of our actions was termed
the "I"
Mead says that the first reaction of the self comes from
the "me"
What term refers to any change in a subject's behavior caused by an awareness of being studied?
the Hawthorne effect
Max Weber
the first sociologgist to use statistical techniques to study social behavior
Socialization
the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture
Qualitative research has special appeal to investigators who favor which theoretical approach?
the symbolic interaction approach
Tonnies (Sociologist)
used the term gesellschaft to dercribe the type of society with weak family ties, competition, and impersonal relationships
A general lesson of sociological research is that
we cannot expect schools by themselves to improve the quality of education
In the process of measurement, reliability refers to
whether repeating the measurement yields consistent results
