sociology exam 3

According to Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas, which of the following is a reason young women of low socioeconomic status have children?

A baby is a symbol of belonging, and motherhood can lead to respect from one's community

Feminist theory has contributed to our understanding of gender by supporting the claim that:

A sociological perspective that emphasizes the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the uniqueness of the experience of women. There are many strands of feminist theory, but they all share the desire to explain gender inequalities in society and to work to overcome them.

Robert is walking down the street late at night when a man in a ski mask suddenly sticks a gun in his face and takes his wallet. Sociologists would say that Robert's mugger had ________ but not ________.

power; authority

Which of the following is one of the primary principles of capitalism?

privatization of the means of production

According to Randall Collins, our educational system is much like a "tribal initiation rite," a "secret society," or a "closed occupational caste": not a rational system that produces more efficient production, but a mechanism for:

reproducing the existing class structure.

According to conflict theory, how does the nuclear family facilitate exploitation?

through a sexual division of labor within the home

Kim Jong Il and his father, Kim Il Sung, Korea's current and former leaders, have both restricted the basic human rights of their subjects. What type of government does North Korea have?

totalitarian

What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members?

Education

Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called a(n) ________ worker.

knowledge worker

Patriarchy can be defined as:

"rule of the father", male dominated society

How could the Information Revolution affect urbanization?

Cities might shrink because people can live anywhere and still work at the same job

In her introduction to a paper about gender, the sociologist Rae Blumberg said that the central principle behind gender in our society is "remember the golden rule: he who has the gold makes the rules." What kind of theorist is Blumberg?

Conflict Theorist

Which of the following health disorders occurs more often in women than in men?

Depression

What does a sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?

Educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability.

A person's self-conception of being male or female based on his or her association with masculine or feminine gender roles can be defined as:

Gender Identity

Sociologists have noted that the informal teaching practices and power relationships by which schools operate produce a disconnect between democratic values and what actually goes on in schools. About what concept are such arguments referring?

Hidden curriculum

According to the textbook, what is the goal of early college high schools?

Institutions in which students earn a high school diploma and two years of credit toward a bachelor's degree

In what way is the family responsible for the reproduction of society?

It produces and socializes children

Margaret Mead, an American anthropologist, spent much of her career documenting the ways in which other cultures had gender roles that differed, sometimes radically, from those of twentieth-century America. Why does this matter?

It shows that the meaning of masculinity and femininity differs in different societies, which demonstrates that our version of gender is not naturally occurring.

Why do politics, education, and religion all appear in the same chapter of your text?

Political, religious, and educational concerns often overlap in everyday life.

The majority of appointed U.S. Treasury secretaries have been either former partners and/or managers of Goldman Sachs, a global investment management firm. Sociologists would argue that this overlap between private business and the federal government is an example of:

Power elite

Which of the following is a criticism of the No Child Left Behind Act passed by Congress in 2002?

Teachers, under pressure to raise test scores, may stop doing everything but "teaching to the test."

A five-year-old boy hurts himself while playing with his toys and immediately begins to cry. His father walks over to him and says: "Don't be a sissy, boys don't cry." This is an example of:

Social learning theory

The changing representation of LGBTQ people in the media, such as their greater inclusion and more positive treatment on television shows, can lead us to conclude that:

Social phobia or social anxiety disorder

What do functionalists generally believe to be true about gender?

Some social roles are better suited to one gender than the other.

What do the examples of "third gender" that are explored in "Global Perspective: Different Societies, Different Genders" demonstrate?

That characteristics we think of as definitive such as sex, gender and sexuality may be viewed differently in other cultures & time periods, which means that it should be possible to view them differently here & now

Women are more likely than men to live in poverty, a situation often referred to as:

The feminization of proverty

What historical change led to a devaluation of women's work in the home?

The industrial Revolution

Why are remarriage rates lower today than they were in the 1960s?

There has been an increase in cohabitation among unmarried couples

What does sociologist Randall Collins argue is the true function of schools?

They reproduce the class structure, making sure that most people grow up to have a socioeconomic status similar to that of their parents.

From an interactionist perspective, what is the most important way that schools socialize children into their gender identities?

Through interactions between teachers and students

Which of the following is an advantage cited by supporters of school vouchers?

Vouchers give more choices to parents for their children's education.

American ideology focuses on the importance of marriage and family values and assumes that the family is at the center of almost everyone's life. How does this compare to the way people really live?

Women live an average of almost 6 years longer than men

Although it may not seem like much, when an office worker brings in a plant to brighten up his cubicle, it is a(n):

act of individual resistance

What did the research subjects of Glaser, Dixit, and Green's 2002 study of white supremacist online chatrooms find most threatening?

advocate interracial violence in response to purported economic and cultural threats.

Workers in large department stores usually are paid on commission, which means that they are in direct competition with their fellow employees. According to Karl Marx, this makes them:

alienated

Some people believe that women are better suited to be homemakers because they are naturally more caring and emotional than men. What perspective is being expressed in this statement?

an essentialist perspective

According to conflict theory, why are women's contributions to family life devalued?

as a result of men's attempt to maintain dominant status

Since 1917, all Puerto Ricans have been considered U.S. citizens, but they are not represented in Congress and cannot cast ballots in presidential elections. In this sense they are:

disenfranchised

The cultural and economic changes that result from dramatic increases in international trade and exchange are called:

globalization

"Fordism" is a system characterized by the increasingly efficient mass production of goods. Why is this system called "Fordism"?

it is named after Henry Ford, who is credited for inventing the assembly line

A little girl notices that whenever both of her parents are in the car, her father is always driving. From this she deduces that women should be passive and men should be active. This process is called:

social learning

The economic system based on collective ownership of the means of production and collective distribution of goods and services is called:

socialism

What does Karl Marx claim is true about class conflict?

the driving force that let to social change.

What large-scale social change has made celebrity politicians more popular and successful?

the increasing importance of television

What change caused people to migrate to cities from rural areas?

the switch to a manufacturing economy