Sociology Final

What is the one defining feature of a minority group? Select one: a. Lack of Power b. Strong Cultural Identity c. Self Definition d. Numerical Minority

a. Lack of Power

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South? Select one: a. Separate but equal b. Plessey v. Ferguson c. De jure d. Jim Crow

a. Separate but equal

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it? a. The Bracero Program b. Immigration Reform and Control Act c. Operation Wetback d. SB 1070

a. The Bracero Program

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor. a. melting pot b. Statue of Liberty c. salad bowl d. separate but equal

a. melting pot

the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group

amalgamation

a type of unilateral descent that follows either the father's or the mother's side exclusively

ambilineal

the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture

assimilation

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?" a. African Americans b. Asian Americans c. White ethnic Americans d. Native Americans

b. Asian Americans

What is discrimination? a. Biased thoughts against an individual or group b. Biased actions against an individual or group c. Belief that a race different from yours is inferior d. Another word for stereotyping

b. Biased actions against an individual or group

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor? a. Assimilation b. Pluralism c. Amalgamation d. Segregation

b. Pluralism

Scapegoat theory shows that: a. subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems b. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems c. some people are predisposed to prejudice d. all of the above

b. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of: a. intersection theory b. stereotyping c. interactionist view d. culture of prejudice

b. stereotyping

the act of entering into marriage while still married to another person

bigamy

the tracing of kinship through both parents' ancestral lines

bilateral descent

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance? Select one: a. Expulsion b. Assimilation c. Genocide d. Segregation

c. Genocide

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance? a. Segregation b. Assimilation c. Genocide d. Expulsion

c. Genocide

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11. a. racism b. segregation c. Islamophobia d. prejudice

c. Islamophobia

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact? a. It needs to be eradicated by laws. b. It is like a magic pill. c. It does not need the actions of individuals to continue. d. None of the above

c. It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of: a. intersection theory b. conflict theory c. white privilege d. scapegoating theory

c. white privilege

when a couple shares a residence but is not married

cohabitation

theoretical perspective that believes that men are dominant and women are subordinate

conflict theory

theoretical perspective that believes that we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation

conflict theory

theoretical perspective that believes that when women start earning wages, they gain power

conflict theory

theoretical perspective that compares the husband-wife relationship to a owner-worker relationship

conflict theory

theoretical perspective that thinks education preserves the status quo

conflict theory

theoretical perspective that thinks education reinforces the differences between class, gender, race, and ethnicity

conflict theory

theoretical perspective that thinks that family is just an area in which power struggles occur

conflict theory

theoretical perspective that thinks that society is a struggle for dominance among social groups to compete for scarce resources

conflict theory

the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications

credentialism

cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture

cultural capital

the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture

cultural transmission

the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture

culture of prejudice

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?" Select one: a. Native Americans b. White ethnic Americans c. African Americans d. Asian Americans

d. Asian Americans

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group? a. Jewish people in Germany b. Creoles in New Orleans c. White people in Brazil d. Blacks under Apartheid in South Africa

d. Blacks under Apartheid in South Africa

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South? a. Jim Crow b. Plessey v. Ferguson c. De jure d. Separate but equal

d. Separate but equal

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States? a. They are the only group that experienced expulsion. b. They are the only group that was segregated. c. They are the only group that was enslaved. d. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

d. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States? a. For a better life b. To escape oppression c. Because they were forced out of their own countries d. a and b only

d. a and b only

Stereotypes can be based on: a. race b. ethnicity c. gender d. all of the above

d. all of the above

prejudiced action against a group of people

discrimination

when people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves

doing gender

a group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups

dominant group

concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women but allows it for men

double standard

a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms

education

shared culture, which may include heritage, language, religion, and more

ethnicity

when a dominant group forces a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country

expulsion

a household that includes at least one parent and child as well as other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins

extended family

socially recognized groups of individuals who may be joined by blood, marriage, or adoption and who form an emotional connection and an economic unit of society

family

a sociological model of family that sees the progression of events as fluid rather than as occurring in strict stages

family life course

a set of predictable steps and patterns families experience over time

family life cycle

the family into which one is born

family of orientation

a family that is formed through marriage

family of procreation

the learning of academic facts and concepts

formal education

a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions of behaviors that are considered male or female

gender

an individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine

gender identity

society's concept of how men and women should behave

gender role

the deliberate annihilation of a targeted (usually subordinate) group

genocide

the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago

grade inflation

a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status

head start program

the type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission

hidden curriculum

an extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals

homophobia

learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society

informal education

theory that suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes

intersection theory

violence that occurs between individuals who maintain a romantic or sexual relationship

intimate partner violence

a person's traceable ancestry (by blood, marriage, and/or adoption)

kinship

a legally recognized contract between two or more people in a sexual relationship who have an expectation of permanence about their relationship

marriage

a type of unilateral descent that follows the mother's side only

matrilineal descent

a system in which it is customary for a husband to live with the his wife's family

matrilocal residence

any group of people who are singled out from the others for differential and unequal treatment

minority group

the stereotype applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching higher educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without protest against the majority establishment

model minority

when someone is married to only one person at a time

monogamy

requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding

no child left behind act

two parents (traditionally a married husband and wife) and children living in the same household

nuclear family

a type of unilateral descent that follows the father's line only

patrilineal descent

a system in which it is customary for the a wife to live with (or near) the her husband's family

patrilocal residence

represented by the ideal of the United States as a "salad bowl:" a mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the "flavor" of the whole

pluralism

a form of marriage in which one woman is married to more than one man at one time

polyandry

the state of being committed or married to more than one person at a time

polygamy

a form of marriage in which one man is married to more than one woman at one time

polygyny

biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people

prejudice

a scholarly discipline that questions fixed (normative) definitions of gender and sexuality

queer theory

when real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race

racial steering

a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that are used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others

racism

suggests that the dominant group will displace its unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group

scapegoat theory

the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions

segregation

a term that denotes the presence of physical or physiological differences between males and females

sex

the prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another

sexism

a person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female)

sexual orientation

what are the four functions of family for society?

sexual, reproductive, educational, economic

a person's capacity for sexual feelings

sexuality

a group of medical symptoms such as brain swelling and retinal hemorrhage resulting from forcefully shaking or impacting an infant's head

shaken-baby syndrome

the school of thought that race is not biologically identifiable

social construction of race

the use of education to improve one's social standing

social placement

classifying students based on academic merit or potential

sorting

oversimplified ideas about groups of people

stereotypes

theoretical perspective that believe families stabilize society

structural functionalism

theoretical perspective that changed their perspective on gender after World War II

structural functionalism

theoretical perspective that thinks education is for the manifest and latent functions

structural functionalism

theoretical perspective that thinks race inequalities are important because they have existed for along time

structural functionalism

theoretical perspective that thinks that parents are important because they teach children gender roles

structural functionalism

theoretical perspective that thinks that the dominant group always gets positive effects from racism and such

structural functionalism

theoretical perspective that thought that women should stay in the house while men go out

structural functionalism

theoretical perspective that through that women had to work while men were at war

structural functionalism

a group of people who have less power than the dominant group

subordinate group

theoretical perspective that thinks marriage and family are symbols of respect and compassion

symbolic interactionism

theoretical perspective that thinks of race and ethnicity as strong symbols of identity

symbolic interactionism

theoretical perspective that thinks that education just chooses who has power through labeling

symbolic interactionism

theoretical perspective that thinks that gender changes the way we interact with someone

symbolic interactionism

theoretical perspective that thinks that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group

symbolic interactionism

theoretical perspective that thinks we are doing gender all the time 24/7

symbolic interactionism

a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities

tracking

a term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are opposite of their biological sex

transgender

transgendered individuals who wish to alter their bodies through medical interventions such as surgery and hormonal therapy

transsexuals

the tracing of kinship through one parent only.

unilateral descent

the equal ability of all people to participate in an education system

universal access

the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group

white privilege