Soils 210 Test 1

The movement of organic solutes (molecules) from a region of high concentration to the region of low concentration is referred as: A.) Osmosis B.) Diffusion C.) Translocation D.) Transpiration

B.) Diffusion

Clonal cultivars are usually propagated by seed A.) True B.) False

B.) False

Which of the following is correct nomenclature for "Russet Burbank" potato A.) Solanum tuberous cv. ' Russet Burbank" B.) Solanum tuberous 'Russet Burbank' C.) Solanum tuberous var.'Russet Burbank' D.) Solanum tuberous var. Russet Burbank

B.) Solanum tuberous 'Russet Burbank'

Which of the following equations show the chemical equation for photosynthesis? A.) 6CO2+12H20+Energy---> C6H12O6+602+6H20 B.) C6H12O6 +6O2------> 6CO2+12H20+Energy

A.) 6CO2+12H20+Energy---> C6H12O6+602+6H20

The synthesis phase of plant metabolism is called: A.) Anabolism B.) Catabolism

A.) Anabolism

Which of the following plants will not grow well when soil pH is higher than 6? A.) Blueberry B.) Sweet Potato C.) Onion D.) Sunflower

A.) Blueberry

How can you prove if a plant that you have is a halophyte? A.) By growing it using salty soil and irrigation water in high salinity. B.) By exposing it to cold temperature C.) By growing it under shade D.) By exposing it to a high pH growing medium

A.) By growing it using salty soil and irrigation water in high salinity.

The five different groups of floricultural crops are: A.) Cut flowers, potted flowering plants, foliage plants, bedding plants, cut greens B.) Potted plants, cut flowers, perennials, foliage plants, cut greens C.) Foliage plants, potted flowering plants, cut flowers, bedding plants, biennials D.) Bedding plants, liana, cut flowers, foliage plants, cut greens

A.) Cut flowers, potted flowering plants, foliage plants, bedding plants, cut greens

______Plants are incapable of manufacturing their own food: A.) Heterotrophic B.) Autotropic C.) Epiphytic D.) Tropical

A.) Heterotrophic

Intercalary meristems are found in: A.) Monocots like Kentucky bluegrass and switchgrass B.) Dicots like watermelon and petunia C.) Tropical fruits D.) Woody plants

A.) Monocots like Kentucky bluegrass and switchgrass

Apple and pear are the members of: A.) Rosaceae B.) Cucurbitaceae C.) Solanaceae D.) Liliaceae

A.) Rosaceae

An elongated horizontal stem that lies above ground is called: A.) Stolon B.) Rhizome C.) Tuber D.) Spur

A.) Stolon

Which of the following is an aggregate fruit? A.) Strawberry B.) Tomato C.) Pineapple D.) Orange

A.) Strawberry

Cole crops like cabbage and broccoli usually require cool temperature for best growth? A.) True B.) False

A.) True

On the evolutionary ladder, dioecious species are believed to be more advanced than those having hermaphroditic flower sex expression in angiosperms. A.) True B.) False

A.) True

Pure line are grown from seed A.) True B.) False

A.) True

Vernalization refers to low-temperature induced programming of flowering in such plants as azalea and hydrangea. A.) True B.) False

A.) True

The water conduction tissue of the stem is: A.) Xylem B.) Phloem C.) Epidermis D.) Cortex

A.) Xylem

The name "Horticulture" was derived from Latin words hortus(garden) and culture(culture) A.) true B.) fasle

A.) true

Example of aggregate fruit and multiple fruit

Aggregate - Strawberry/ Raspberry Multiple - Pineapple

Describe the 3 different types of meristems ( apical, intercalary, cambium)

Apical = tip Intercalary- monocot Cambium = woody plant stem = around xylem for extension

Contrast Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

Autotrophic - Make own food Heterotrophic - Depends on someone else for food

Deciduous trees drop their leaves forming an abscission layer at the base of leaf petiole in response to cooling temperature and shortening day length. Deciduous trees are found in both Temperate and Tropical regions. A.) Both statements are true. B.) 1st statement is true, 2nd is false C.) 1st statement is false, 2nd is true. D.) Both statements are wrong

B.) 1st statement is true, 2nd is false

Which of the following is correct labeling of style, ovary and anther? A.) A,B,C B.) B,C,D C.) A,D,F D.) D,E,F

B.) B,C,D

Which of the following is a micronutrient element? A.) Magnesium (MG) B.) Boron (B) C.) Sulfur (S) D. ) Nitrogen (N)

B.) Boron (B)

Which of the following are cool-season crops? A.) Tomato, eggplant, cucumber B.) Cabbage, spinach, lettuce C.) Sweet Potato, Pepper, Watermelon D.) Sunflower, marigold, petunia

B.) Cabbage, spinach, lettuce

The Swedish botanist who perfected the plant classification system is: A.) James Watson B.) Carl von Linnaeus C.) Melvin Calvin D.) Luther Burbank

B.) Carl von Linnaeus

Separate male and female plants are produced in ______ species A.) Monoecious B.) Dioecious C.)Hermaphroditic D.)Andromonoecious

B.) Dioecious

Most bedding plant are biennials. A.) True B.) False

B.) False

Peduncles are found on solitary flowers? A.) True B.) False

B.) False

Stomates are usually found on the adaxial surface of the leaf. A.) True B.) False

B.) False

What is the difference between horticulture and agronomy? A.) Horticulture deals with culture of field crops, while agronomy deals with fruit crops. B.) Horticulture deals with so called garden crops, while agronomy deals with field crops. C.) Horticulture involves mass production of commercial crops, while agronomy involves production of vegetables. D.) Horticulture involves culture of dicot plants, while agronomy involves growing monocot crops.

B.) Horticulture deals with so called garden crops, while agronomy deals with field crops.

Hypobaric storage will extend the shelf life of fresh produce for a long period of time, because it: A.) Provides CO2 needed for photosynthesis B.) Lowers the concentration of O2 needed for respiration C.) Speeds photosyntheses during storage D.) Prevents plant transpiration during storage

B.) Lowers the concentration of O2 needed for respiration

Tender plants are killed when cell walls are ruptured by ice crystals formed in the cytoplasm under a subzero temperature condition. The "supercooling" of leaves in cold-hardy evergreens will: A.) Allow ice crystal formation in the cytoplasm without rupturing the cell wall. B.) Not allow the cell sap to freeze. C.) Make the plant susceptible to cold damage. D.) Make the trees defoliate.

B.) Not allow the cell sap to freeze.

Which of the following is a wrong match? A.) Floriculture- culture of flowers B.) Pomology - Culture of herbs C.) Arboriculture - Culture of trees and shrubs D.) Olericulture - culture of vegetables

B.) Pomology - Culture of herbs

The best reason why cut flowers, not potted flowering plants are readily imported from foreign countries is: A.) Potted plants are more expensive to grow than cut flowers in exporting countries. B.) Potted plants can harbor pathogenic organisms in the soil and easily can be rejected by the USDA Animal and Plant Inspections Service. C.) The U.S. consumers prefer imported cut flowers more than imported potted flowering plants. D.) The tariff for potted flowering plants is higher than for imported cut flowers.

B.) Potted plants can harbor pathogenic organisms in the soil and easily can be rejected by the USDA Animal and Plant Inspections Service.

__________ is a mutated branch that can be used for developing a new cultivar. A.) Stolon B.) Sport C.) Stock D.) Spur

B.) Sport

Botanically, tuber is: A.) A thickened storage root B.) a modified, swollen stem C.) a modified, swollen leaf D.) a modified, swollen crown

B.) a modified, swollen stem

An andromonoecious species produces: A.) male and female flowers on the same plant B.) male and perfect flowers on the same plant C.) female and perfect flowers on the same plant D.) male, female and perfect flowers on the same plant

B.) male and perfect flowers on the same plant

Classification of temperate fruits (berries, brambles, vines, pome, stone fruits)

Berries - extended ovary Brambles - Blackberry & Raspberry Vine - Kiwi and Grape Pome - Eat flower

Which of the following statements is NOT a reason why the C4 plants grow faster than the C3 plants A.) C4 Plants lack photorespiration B.) C4 plants recycle carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis C.) C4 Plants lack Calvin cycle D.) C4 plants have a lower CO2 compensation point than C3 plants

C.) C4 Plants lack Calvin cycle

Which of the following storage conditions would NOT reduce the rate of plant respiration? A.) Low Temperature B.) Low Oxygen (O2) concentration C.) High Temperature D.) Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration

C.) High Temperature

Which of the following is the best description of a biennial plant? A.) It completes a life cycle in one growing season. B.) It completes a life cycle in more than two years. C.) It grows vegetatively during the first growing season, and flowers and dies after fruiting during the second growing season. D.) It lives year after year producing flower each year.

C.) It grows vegetatively during the first growing season, and flowers and dies after fruiting during the second growing season.

Which of the following is a disaccharide? A.) Glucose B.) Fructose C.) Sucrose D.) Starch

C.) Sucrose

Which of the following cytoplasmic components is mainly used for storage of excess salts, sugar and starch? A.) Nucleus B.) Mitochondria C.) Vacuole D.) Chloroplast

C.) Vacuole

Photosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasmic body called: A.) Nucleus B.) Mitochondria C.) Chloroplast D.) Vacuole

C.)Chloroplast

Different between cool season & warm season

Cool Season = Radishes, carrots, cabbages, lettuce - tolerate to snow Warm Season = Tomato and eggplant

Explain various stem modifications that are hoticulturally important : Crown, runner (Stolon), spur, rhizome, tuber, corm, bulb

Crown - Stem and Root Stolon - Underground Spur - Short Branch with fruit Rhizome - Modified Tuber - Modified stem tissue - Potato Corm - Stem Base Bulb - Modified Leaves - Monocot

Classification of floriculture crops ( cut flowers, potted flowering plants, foliage plants, bedding plants , cut greens)

Cut Flowers - Roses- usually all imported from other countries Potted Plants - USA Foliage plants - Interior plants Bedding plants - annuals Cut Greens - cut foliage plants

The first product of carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin cycle is: A.) Oxaloacetate (C4) B.) Malate (C4) C.) Pyruvate (C3) D.) 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (3-PGA, C3)

D.) 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (3-PGA, C3)

___________is an underground running stem A.) Corm B.) Bulb C.) Tuber D.) Rhizome

D.) Rhizome

The seed coat tissues of stone fruits such as peach and apricot are usually made up of: A.) parenchyma cells B.) Collenchyma Cells C.) Meristematic Cells D.) Sclerenchyma Cells

D.) Sclerenchyma Cells

The process by which water vapor escapes from the leaf through stomata is called: A.) Osmosis B.) Diffusion C.) Translocation D.) Transpiration

D.) Transpiration

What is the difference between deciduous and evergreen trees?

Deciduous = Dropping leaves - usually in temperate zone, has abisious layer (holds stem) Evergreen = Usually in places with ice - has needles, do not water too much so it does not freeze, Supercooling is when the cells get cool but do not freeze

Difference between Determinant and indeterminate growth habits?

Determinant = Shoots stop growing and flower - Good for mechanical harvest Indeterminate = keeps growing continuously

Explain: Diffusion Osmosis Translocation Transpiration

Diffusion - Solute High concentration to low concentration Osmosis - Water from high concentration to low concentration Translocation - Moves photosynthesis doen phloem Transpiration - water escapes stomato

What does the Q10 value imply?

If you increase the temperature 10 Degree C - rate of metabolism doubles Decrease temp 10 degrees C - Rate of metabolism cut in half

What is 'hypobaric' storage and why use it?

Lowering temp or talking out O2 to stop respiration

Explain each of the following: Monoecious androecious gynoecious andromonoecious gynomonoecious trimonoecious

Monoecious - Male and Female Androecious - Male Gynoecious - Female Andromonoecious - Male + Perfect Flower Gynomonoecious - Female + Perfect Flower Trimonoecious - Male + female + perfect flower

What is a sport?

Mutated branch or twig where new cultivar can happen

Name something that happens in each Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts Vacuole Cell Wall

Nucleus = Control Center Mitochondria - Respiration Chloroplasts = Photosynthesis Vacuole - waste Cell wall = Cellulose

Match each of these: Olericulture Pomology Arboriculture Floriculture Landscape horticulture Nursery

Olericulture - Vegetables Pomology - Fruit Arboriculture - Trees Floriculture - Flowers Landscape horticulture - plants in landscaping Nursery - trees and shrubs

Difference between pedicel and peduncle?

Pedicel - Single flower stem Peduncle - Joins many pedicels

Explain the 3 major chemical processes: Photosynthesis Metabolism Respiration

Photosynthesis - Makes food Metabolism - Makes sugar Respiration - Uses sugar to make energy

Difference between pure line cultivar, hybrid cultivar or open pollinated cultivar

Pure line = Seed and Homogenous genetics Hybrid = Always crossed Open Pollinator = multiple parents (bees)

Functions of root hair and root cap

Root cap - meristem inside - roots grow deep Root hair - Nutrients and water are absorbed here

Kinds of vegetables under ground portions - Name one for each = roots, tubers, bulbs and corms

Roots = Sweet Potato, cassava Tubers = modified stem - potato Bulbs = Tulip Corms - Crocus (Modified stem)

What is an ecospecies and how does it occur?

Same specie adapts to climate or other ecological changes depending on the region

What is a Dioecious Specie?

Separate male and female plants

Name a growth habbit of each of the following : Succulent Vine Ground covers Trees Shrubs

Succulent - Does not need a lot of water Vine - Needs something to climb Ground Cover - covers the ground- needs a large area Trees - One central Trunk Shrubs - Several Branches

Difference between trees and shrubs?

Trees have 1 central trunk Shrubs have several branches

Know the anatomy of leaf tissues: Upper & Lower epidermis, stomata (stoma) palisade and mesophyll parenchyma cells.

Upper Epidermis- Adaxial epidermis Lower Epidermis - Abaxial Lead Stomata - Open and shrinks to keep in water Palisade - Stacked lateral adaxial tightly packed Mesophyll parenchyma - abaxial spongy material

Difference between variety and cultivar?

Variety = naturally occurring Cultivar = Manmade

What is meant by clone?

Vegetative propagation through grafting, propagating and they have the same genetics

Explain: Xerophyte Shade Plant Halophyte Glycophyte Acid - loving plants Aquaphyte

Xerophyte - Drought tolerant can save water Shade Plant - can adapt to shade and capture light Halophyte - Salt loving Glycophyte - fresh water loving Acid Loving - Not in North Dakota Aquaphyte - plants grown in water

The location and functions of xylem, phloem and cambium tissues

Xylem - H20 Conduction - dead cells Phloem - lining tissue around xylem and H20 travels through - Photosynthesizes Cambium - actively dividing - makes trunk grow

Difference between anabolism and catabolism

anabolism - synthesis catabolism - break down

Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient element? A.) Nitrogen (N) B.) Phosphorus (P) c.) Manganese (Mn) D.) Potassium (K)

c.) Manganese (Mn)