spanish speaking world final

Why might a sociologist/anthropologist choose to study popular music?

music is intimately linked to issues of race bc most genres are associated with specific ethinc groups. lyrics chronicle and relate race relations and popular attitudes regarding race, issues around the nationalizing and mainstreaming of Afro-x cultures, diaspora. shows roles of men or from the male point of view, machismo

push factors

Violence / Civil war ➢ Economic hardship / Land access issues ➢ Prejudice and violence based on gender and/or sexuality

linguistic fragmentation

linguistic and colonial boundaries

What is the concept of "feminie power"? What is it derived from and how is it expressed?

Complementarity rather than equivalence, Argue that the experience of women as mothers and wives endows them with the virtue of being more sensitive and responsible than their male counterparts

How was immigration to Latin America different in the early 20th century?

chinese began to immgrate into Cuba when contratc workers were brought into work sugar fields. yet, in the early 20th century, a fear of social and labor activism(with roots in Europe) encourages a look at non-European groups.

La Bestia

(in English, the "beast") ​refers to a Mexican freight train (in fact, a network of trains) utilized by U.S.- bound migrants to more quickly traverse the length of Mexico​. It is estimated that yearly between 400,000 and 500,000 migrants, the majority of whom are from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, ride atop these trains to reach the border region of northern Mexico.

Why haven't LGBTQ+ rights historically been part of "the Left's" agenda like they have been in the U.S. and Europe?

(overly) focused on social class issues, LGBT rights & concerns seen as petit bourgeois concerns ["mariconadas" (sp) / "frescura" (pt)] and therefore gain little traction in anti-capitalist politics (recall, here, how Western feminism was viewed), Machismo of the Left (their imagery and vocabulary of nation-building and warfare employs the concepts of machismo & heteronormativity), Cuba, Kiss of the Spider Woman (Arg. novel, film)

Familism

A belief in the centrality of family. The family is often prioritized over the individual and their needs. The ideals of familism are fundamental to immigration.

Patrimonialism

A form of governance in which all power flows directly from the leader, an individual. The person is often more powerful than the office itself. This constitutes essentially the blending of the public and private sector.

Machismo

A strong or exaggerated sense of manliness; an assumptive attitude that virility, courage, strength, and entitlement to dominate are attributes of masculinity. While men are seen as ​physically stronger,​ they are also seen as ​morally weaker​ (but this may often be used as an excuse for transgressions).

Marianismo

A strong or exaggerated sense of traditional femininity, placing great value on forbearance, self-sacrifice, nurturance, and the limiting of sex to marriage. Women are seen as ​physically weaker,​ in need of protection from men, but oftenmorally superior​. Origin of term related to the Virgin Mary (Maria) of Christianity / Catholicism.

TPS​

A temporary status given to eligible nationals of designated countries who are present in the United States. The status, afforded to nationals from some countries affected by armed conflict or natural disaster, allows them to live and work in the United States for limited times.

Manifest Destiny

A widely held belief in the 19th century United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America all the way to the Pacific Ocean.

Things are slowly changing, but what type of perspective on gender issues has popular music often reflected?

Again, lyrics reflect attitudes & values, but often from a male point of view (males have traditionally dominated the lyric-writing part of the music industry),Homophobia (most music is highly heteronormative) - a reflection of Machismo / Marianismo, Playful, sexual lyrics with double-meanings (also genre-dependent), Roles of men (fall-out of a modernized Hacienda) + immigration

Why were "Anglos" from the United States allowed to occupy the area of Tejas in Mexico in the early 1800s?

Many times, Anglos - such as the Austin family - were allowed to settle in Tejas because they were seen as help in the effort to "settle" these frontier regions - i.e. remove Native peoples from these lands.

Tejanos

Mexican inhabitants of Tejas (México)

Why did these Anglos later want to create their own Republic, separate from Mexico?

Mexico outlawed slavery, which was a main component of their workforce for cotton.

Remittances

Money transfers sent by a person who has immigrated to family (or friends) in his or her country of origin.

The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) What were its causes and its results?

On February 2, 1848, a treaty was drafted in which Mexico would recognize the Rio Grande border in Texas and give the United States Alta California and New Mexico in exchange for $15 million, effectively ceding 51 percent of Mexico's territory. These lands eventually became all or parts of California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming.

Supermadre

Or "Supermother." The term often applied to how female politicians imagine or cast their role as leaders, as mothers to the nation or region.

Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo

Protest movement in Argentina - but had similar versions in many countries of Latin America - in which women would protest the "disappearance" of sons, brothers, at the hands of the military dictatorship. The movement was effective because women emphasized their role as mothers or grandmothers to avoid police repression and violence.

Why did the United States refuse to intervene in the Texas Revolution of 1836?

The U.S., a natural ally to the Anglos, is hesitant to get involved because it is officially an "internal" conflict or civil war belonging to another country

Linguistic fragmentation

The tendency for cultural influences to "travel" along lines of communication within a single, common language. In other words, although geographically close, neighboring countries are "fragmented" and divided by the languages they speak and have more in common with places faraway that speak their same language.

Heteronormativity

The tendency to organize social relations and citizen rights based on the notion that reproductive heterosexuality is ideal and then, based on this ideal, judge a person's worth and eligibility for such things as acceptance, inheritance, social status, pension and welfare benefits, and employment. The expectation of having emotional and sexual partnerships with members of the opposite sex, raising children, and performing gender-based roles that align with traditional (and binary) definitions of "masculine" and "feminine."

Violencia de género

The term in Spanish for domestic violence / violence against women.

In what ways has immigration to the United States changed in the past 20 years?

These days, WOMEN + children (or entire families) approach the border hoping to reach US soil in order to request asylum,Also because of pervasive machismo, women are more likely to request asylum based on domestic and societal violence based on gender (see earlier charts)

Why would members of the LGBTQ+ community be more likely to leave home and what dangers does this "exodus" present?

Whereas members of religious, ethnic, or racial minorities find safe haven inside the home, for LGBT it is often the place where they experience the most intense reaction / disapproval(more intense reaction compared to a stranger's identity or behavior), Likely to live "on the street" ○ Crime ○ Sex work ○ General "disconnect" from society / shut out of the formal economy - from which it is difficult to return

Coyote

a colloquial Mexcian-Spanish term reffering to the individual who guides migrants across Mexico and/or across the U.S. -Mexico border. The term likely comes from the coyote being a trickster spirit of many indigenous cultures of North America because coyote smugglers are often predatory and untrustworthy.

What has helped to lessen linguistic fragmentation?

american culture is the new common denominator, mixing or musical traditions, strenght of oral traditions, migration (movement between nations and also to the U.S.)

DACA​

an American immigration policy that allows some undocumented individuals (who were brought to the country as children) to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and become eligible for a work permit in the U.S., school loans, etc.

Early Chinese immigrants had a different experience compared to Japanese and Korean immigrants ... What was this difference and what were its consequences?

beacuse of the abolition of slave trade, latin america look towards indians and the chinese for indentured labor, chinese immigrants to cuba fro sugar fields

What has been the role or influence of the United States in Latin American music?

became more political

What is Prevention Through Deterrence?

deter them through the desert so less people are likely to cross the border through there.

How does the concept of diaspora complicate the immigrant experience?

do the individuals have an identity that is stronger than national identitiy are they irreversibly foreign?

What other socio-political topics are addressed in popular music? besides race and gender.

expressionas agains the U.S. (cold war, intervention, neo-colonialism, Isreal?palestine), black power movemnts (influneced from th U.S.)

composite families

families that consit of members who are not directly related by 'blood'. This could include godchildren or friends.

Anglos

in the context of the southern border, they were U.S. citizes who entered Tejas and their descendants

What is the shock effect and why have they been ineffective in Latin America?

shock effect relies on human apathy towards a specific cause. this doesnt work in Latin America due to violence already being a major thing in daily life.