Sparta - Army - Full Citizens (30+) and Fighting Technique

_ structure: the army was divided into _ with each commanded by a _ commander who was responsible to the _ king (the other back in _). below the commanders, there were other _ and officers so information was spread _.

command, regiments, regiment, campaign, sparta, divisions, quickly

the perioeci were used as soldiers and as _ to repair weapons and equipment on _. by the _th century, the spartiates and perioeci were fighting _ to each other in _ _ regiments.

craftsmen, campaign, 4, next, 6, mixed

a _ would follow a _ enemy until he felt certain of _ as it was believed to be below their _ to kill _. so many enemies would simply fled from the fearsome spartans, knowing that they would not be chased down and _. creates _ factor.

hoplite, fleeing, victory, dignity, fugitives, killed, fear

each _ held their shield, called a _, in their _ hand and depended on their _'s hoplon to protect his _ _ side. any mistake could rip a hole in the _. soldiers needed to maintain tight _ and _ quickly to new orders and changes in _, which were communicated by _ and pipes. hoplites were named after their _ shields

hoplite, hoplon, left, neighbour, exposed, right, phalanx, obedience, react, tactics, trumpets, hoplon

_ speaking = lycurgus encouraged spartans to speak _ but _

laconically, little, concisely

_' decree ensured all spartiates dedicated themselves to being a hoplite - even being _ from doing other work. spartan life was for war so the economy was placed in the hands of helots on _, women on finances and trade or craft to the _

lycurgus, banned, kleroi, perioeci

only helot _ could be baggage-holders and _ in times of war.

men, skirmishers

_ = fighting formation emerging in _th century which the spartans were masters of. it was a _ formation of soldiers normally _ rows deep. during battle opposing _ would approach each other _ and, when they met, the two sides would _ at each other with their _ trying to hit _ areas of an enemy. if the _ soldiers in the _ row were killed, the men in the rows behind would step up _ place to keep the _ wall in tact

phalanx, 7, rectangular, 8, phalanxes, quickly, thrust, spears, unprotected, best, front, one, defence

_ said lycurgus decreed that the spartans should not face the _ enemy too often so their _ would remain a secret. it would be harder fighting an enemy you don't know how it will _, creating a _ factor

plutarch, same, tactics, attack, mystique

_ was very important to the military. _ would sacrifice when setting out from sparta and when reaching the _ so the gods would be in _ of their mission. before a battle a king would always sacrifice to the _ in order to remind soldiers that their efforts would be remembered in _. if their sacrifice was favoured, the _ played a song to _, one of the _ gods of sparta and the _ would advance

religion, king, borders, favour, muses, song, pipes, castor, twin, hoplites

the spartan _ stated that all spartiates should be full-time _. it was especially _ as no other greek city-state had a professional army before, just had all citizens fight when needed.

system, soldiers, radical

plutarch said that spartiate _ 'even continued into adulthood as no one was _ to live as they wanted to'

training, allowed

hoplites had to be _ and careful to watch the helots who were _ in case they rebelled or _. often spartiates would carry round _ with them in the camp and would keep a close eye on the _ store

wary, skirmishes, deserted, spears, weapons