SPI Test Questions

An increase in pulse repetition frequency would lead to

Increase in Duty Factor

Which of the following would have the lowest propagation speed A.Water B.Soft Tissue C.Bone D.Lung Tissue

Lung Tissue

stiffness

The ability of an object to resist compression and relates to hardness of a medium

Which of the following is not a component of spatial resolution? A. Frame Resolution B. Contrast Resolution C. Axial Resolution D. Elevational Resolution

A Frame resolution

With 6 bits, what is the largest number of different shades of gray that can be stored? A. 64 B. 8 C. 256 D.16

A. 64

Which of the following is not a synonym for axial resolution? A. Angular B. Range C. Depth D. Radial

A. Angular

Which of the following is not a method of creating 3-D images? A. Annular array transducer B. 2-D array technology C. Freehand technique D. Mechanical technique

A. Annular array transducer

All of the following are true of power except : A. As amplitude increases, power remains the same B. Power is proportional to amplitude squared C. Intensity is proportional to power D. Power is measured in milliwatts

A. As amplitude increases, power remains the same

Which resolution is best in clinical imaging? A. Axial B. Lateral C. Temporal D. Slice thickness

A. Axial

The strength of the voltages sent to each element is determined by the: A. Beam former B. Receiver C.scan converter D. Display

A. Beam former

Areas of high pressure and density are referred to as : A. Compressions B. Rarefactions C. Condensations D. Rarefractions

A. Compressions

Which type of interface results in a larger sound wave? A. Constructive interference B. Destructive interference C. True interference D. False interference

A. Constructive interference

Which of the following electrical patterns produces electronica focusing of the ultrasound beam? A. Curve B. Slope C.Width D.Length

A. Curve

Read zoom is a function of the: A. D-to-A converter B. A-to-D converter C. Preprocessing D. Pulser

A. D-to-A converter

Which of the following best describes the components of the damping material? A. Epoxy resin loaded with tungsten B. Tungsten resin loaded with lead zirconate titanate C. Lead zirconate titanate impregnated with tungsten D. Tungsten impregnated with lead.

A. Epoxy resin loaded with tungsten

Which of the following is determined by the sound source only? A. Frequency B. Wavelength C. Spatial pulse length D. Propagation speed

A. Frequency

Which of the following would cause a decrease in temporal resolution? A. Increased line density B. Decreases in sector size C. Single transmit zone D. Decreased line Density

A. Increased line Density

Density and propagation speed are: A. Inversely Related B. Directly Related C. Directly Proportional D. Unrelated

A. Inversely Related

Density is typically measured in : A. Kilograms per centimeter cubed B. Millimeters C. Watts per centimeter squared D. Pascals

A. Kilograms per centimeter cubed

Imaging transducers have: A. Low Quality factors, wide bandwidths B. High Quality factors, narrow bandwidths C. Low Quality factors, narrow bandwidths D. High Quality factors, wide bandwidths

A. Low Quality factors, wide bandwidths

Which of the following is an appropriate unit of measurement for propagation speed ? A. Millimeter per microsecond B. Watts per centimeter squared C. Microseconds D. Kilohertz

A. Millimeter per microsecond

Micro denotes: A. Millionth B. Hundredth C. Million D. Billionth

A. Millionth

The attenuation coefficient in soft tissue is equal to: A. One half of operating frequency B. Double the operating frequency C. Frequency times path length D. The total decibels

A. One half of operating frequency

What is defined as the beginning of one pulse to the beginning of the next pulse, and therefore includes both the "on" and "off" time? A. Pulse repetition period B. Pulse Duration C. Duty factor D. Pulse repetition frequency

A. Pulse repetition period

When you adjust the output power control, you affect the following system component: A. Pulser B. Memory C. Scan Converter D. Receiver

A. Pulser

Which of the following is defined as the minimum distance two reflectors can be, parallel to the beam, and still appear on the screen as two dots? A. Range resolution B. Angular resolution C. Contrast resolution D. Transverse resolution

A. Range resolution

Damping of the sound beam: A. Reduces the spatial pulse length B. Increases the spatial pulse length C. Increases the pulse duration D. Has no impact on spatial pulse length or pulse duration

A. Reduces the spatial pulse length

An artifact that occurs when a sound beam bounces back and forth between two strong reflectors, creating a "step- ladder" like appearance is: A. Reverberation B. Side lobes C. Multipath D. Edge shadowing

A. Reverberation

You are using a transducer that produces a beam with very wide elevational plane. Which of the following problems are you most likely to encounter as a result? A. Slice thickness artifact B. Increased reverberation C. Increased side lobes D. Increased electrical interference

A. Slice thickness artifact

Which of the following is represented as time, for the liability to displays structures in real time? A. Temporal Resolution B. Axial Resolution C. Longitudinal Resolution D. Contrast Resolution

A. Temporal Resolution

Contrast Resolution is: A. The ability to see differences in shades of gray B. The ability to display moving structures in real time C. The ability to identify two reflectors parallel to the beam D. The ability to identify two reflectors perpendicular to the beam.

A. The ability to see differences in shades of gray

What is the name for the smallest amount of digital storage? A. The bit B. The pixel C. The byte D. The fractal

A. The bit

When imaging in tissue harmonic imaging, A. The fundamental frequency is filtered out B. The fundamental beams frequency is increased C. The harmonic signal is filtered out D. There are more artifacts

A. The fundamental frequency is filtered out

Which of the following is true concerning the frequency and the near zone length? A. The higher the frequency, the longer near zone length B. The lower the frequency, the longer the near zone length C. Frequency and near zone length are not related D. Frequency and near zone length cannot be adjusted

A. The higher the frequency, the longer near zone length

What happens to a digital image when the pixel density is increased? A. There is more spatial detail B. There is less spatial detail C. The temporal resolution increases D. There are more shades of gray

A. There is more spatial detail

To produce a transducer with a higher frequency one should: A. Use a thinner piezoelectric element B. Use a thicker piezoelectric element C. Use more damping D. Use less damping

A. Use a thinner piezoelectric element

Which of the following would be considered an advantage of a curved linear array over a phased array transducer? A. Wider near field B. Linear scan lines C. Narrower near field D. Narrower far field

A. Wider near field

The typical range of frequency for diagnostic ultrasound imaging is: A.20 to 20,000Hz B. 1 to 20MHz C. 10 to 20MHz D. 12 to 100MHz

B. 1 to 20MHz

The duty factor for continuous wave ultrasound is : A. <99% B. 100% C. >20000Hz D. 8 Pa

B. 100%

Which of the following is not a true statement? A. Lateral resolution varies with depth B. A larger aperture results in a shorter near zone length C. A larger aperture produces less divergence in the far Field D. Lateral resolution may also be referred to azimuthal resolution

B. A larger aperture results in a shorter near zone length

The major component of attenuation is: A. Scatter B. Absorption C. Transmission D. Refraction

B. Absorption

Which of the following is the type of transducer that utilizes elements arranged in a concentric pattern? A. Phased array B. Annular array C. Mechanical D. Linear

B. Annular Array

In which mode is the strength of the reflector represented by the brightness of the dot? A. A- mode B. B-mode C. A and B D. None of the above

B. B-mode

Which of the following is the range of frequencies present within the beam? A. Quality factor B. Bandwidth C. Array D. Wavefront

B. Bandwidth

How are ultrasound transducers typically sterilized? A. Heating to the Curie temperature B. Cold sterilization methods C. Autoclaving D. Alcohol Emersion

B. Cold sterilization methods

What is the receiver fiction that adjusts the image because of the darker appearance of reflectors in the far field as a result of attenuation? A. Compression B. Compensation C. Confirmation D. Condensation

B. Compensation

Which of the following is a resolution and the third dimension of the beam? A. Lateral resolution B. Elevational resolution C. Contrast resolution D. Longitudinal resolution

B. Elevational Resolution

The "useful" artifact that one might see behind a weakly attenuating structure is: A. Shadowing B. Enhancement C. Reflection D. Refraction

B. Enhancement

The technique that uses made- up pixel information to replace areas between the scan lines where there is no actual signal information is: A. Compression B. Fill-In Interpolation C. Tissue harmonics D. Frequency compounding

B. Fill-In Interpolation

The portion of the transducer that comes in contact with the patient is the: A. Backing material B.Footprint C. Wire D. Damping material

B. Footprint

Temporal resolution relates to which of the following? A. Lateral Resolution B. Frame Rate C. Range Ambiguity D. Element Diameter

B. Frame Rate

Along with crystal diameter, the divergence in the far field is also determined by which of the following? A. Spatial pulse length B. Frequency C. Propagation speed D. Line Density

B. Frequency

The prefix "centi" denotes: A. Thousandths B. Hundredths C. Millions D. Hundreds

B. Hundredths

If the far field of the image is too dark, it is recommended that you: A. Do not press as hard on the patient B. Increase the receiver gain C. Increase the output gain D. Increase scanning time

B. Increase the receiver gain

Damping material produces all of the following except: A. Decreased sensitivity B. Increased SPL C. Wide bandwidths D.Low quality factors

B. Increased SPL

As imaging depth increases, PRP: A. Remains constant B. Increases C. Decreases D. Doubles

B. Increases

If PRF increases, then the Duty Factor: A. Remains constant B. Increases C. Decreases D. Doubles

B. Increases

The output gain of the pulse determines the ____ of the acoustic pulse. A. Frequency B. Intensity C. Duration D. PRP

B. Intensity

What is the change in intensity if the power decreases by half ? A. Intensity doubles B. Intensity is halved C. Intensity is one fourth D. Intensity does not change

B. Intensity is halved

The harmonic signal A. Is produced by the transducer B. Is produced by the patient C. Is of a stronger amplitude than the fundamental D. Has worse lateral Resolution than the fundamental

B. Is produced by patient

Which of the following is true of the diameter of the sound beam in the Fresnel zone? A. It increases B. It decreases C. It does not change D. It is unpredictable

B. It Decreases

All of the following are true of wavelength except: A. It is determined by both the medium and sound source B. It is equal to the period divided by the frequency C. It is inversely related to frequency D. It is directly related to period

B. It is equal to the period divided by the frequency

Which of the following transducers is also referred to as a sector or vector transducer? A. Linear sequential array B. Linear phased array C. Continuous- wave transducer D. Curved sequential array transducer

B. Linear phased array

Which of the following facilitates The transmission of sound from the element into the patient's skin? A. Damping material B. Matching layer C. Tungsten covering D. Focusing material

B. Matching Layer

sound bouncing off a strong reflector and producing an image on the wrong location on the display is: A. Range ambiguity B. Mirror image artifact C. Slice thickness artifact D. Enhancement

B. Mirror image artifact

Pressure is typically expressed in A. Frequency B. Pascals C. Decibels D. kg/cm3

B. Pascals

What is pressure measured in? A. Feet, inches, centimeters, or miles B. Pascals or pounds per square inch C. Kilograms per centimeter cubed D. Hertz, kilohertz, or megahertz

B. Pascals or pounds per square inch

Which of the following produces a pie- shaped image? A.Linear sequenced array B. Phased array C. Curved sequenced array D. Convex transducers

B. Phased array

Which of the following occurs in the D-to-A converter? A. Preprocessing B. Postprocessing C. Conversion to binary D. Write zoom

B. Postprocessing

If only the density of a medium is increased, then the: A. Propagation speed increase B. Propagation speed decrease C. Propagation speed will stay the same D. None of the above

B. Propagation speed decrease

The portion of the sound beam where the molecules are pulled apart describes an area of: A. Compression B. Rarefaction C. Refraction D. Amplitude

B. Rarefaction

Which of the following tasks is incorporated I. The process of demodulation? A. Rejection B. Rectification C. Amplification D. Receiving

B. Rectification

All of the following are true of stiffness except : A. It is defined as the ability of an object to resist compression B. Stiffness and propagation speed are indirectly associated C. Increasing stiffness increases propagation speed D. Stiffness May also be referred to as elasticity

B. Stiffness and propagation speed are indirectly associated

In B-mode imaging, the stronger the return echo, A. The darker the dot in the display B. The brighter the dot on the display C. The worse the temporal Resolution D. The weaker the transmit power

B. The brighter the dot on the display

Which of the following best describes the Frame rate? A. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition frequency multiplied by lines per frame B. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition frequency divided by the lines per frame C. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition. Divided by the lines per frame D. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition. Multiply by the lines per frame

B. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition frequency divided by the lines per frame

What is the smallest element in a digital picture called? A. The bit B. The pixel C. The byte D. The fractal

B. The pixel

Which of the following is a true statement? A. There are two frames in a field B. There are two fields in a frame C. One frame takes 1/60th of a second D. It takes 1/60th of a second to draw two fields

B. There are two fields in a frame

All of the following relate to the strength of the sound wave except: A. Amplitude B. Wavelength C. Intensity D. Power

B. Wavelength

What is the total amount of attenuation that occurs if a 6.0-MHz sound beam travels through 4cm of soft tissue? A.24 dB B.12 dB C. 6 dB D. None of the above

B.12 dB

If the angle of inicidence is 40*, what is the angle of transmisssion at the interface of medium 1 has a propagation speed of 1320m/s and the medium 2 has a propagation speed of 1700m/s ? A.<40 B.>40 C. 40 D. Cannot tell the angle of transmission

B.>40

Which of the following would have the highest propagation speed A.Air B.Bone C.Soft Tissue D. Water

Bone

As imaging depth increases, the PRF must A. Not change B. Increase C. Decrease D. PRF does not relate to imaging depth

C PRF Decreases

Which of the following would be considered ultrasonic? A.10Hz B. 12.5Hz C. 1MHz D 200Hz

C. 1MHz

A reflector is 20 mm away from the transducer. How long does it take for sound to get back to the transducer? A.13 micro per second B.20 micro per second C.26 micro per second D. 39 micro per second

C. 26 micro per second

What is defined as the ability of the ultrasound system to image structures that are positioned parallel to the sound beam as separate structures? A. Transverse Resolution B. Parallel Resolution C. Axial Resolution D. Coronal Resolution

C. Axial Resolution

Which of the following shortens the length of the pulse by decreasing the number of cycles in the pulse? A. Matching material B. Piezoelectric element C. Backing material D. Tungsten

C. Backing material

A video display that is limited to only black and white, with no other shades of gray, is called: A. Binary B. Monochrome C. Bistable D. Unichrome

C. Bistable

What receiver function is responsible for decreasing the difference between the smallest and largest received signal amplitudes? A. Amplification B. Compensation C. Compression D. Rejection

C. Compression

Which of the following would be best utilized for imaging of deep structures in the abdomen? A. Linear phased array transducer B.Linear sequenced array transducer C. Curved sequenced array transducer D. Continuous- wave transducer

C. Curved sequenced array transducer

Which of the following is the part of the transducer that stops the ringing of the element? A. Matching layer B. Housing C. Damping material D. Insulator

C. Damping material

Which of the following is not true of damping? A. Damping decreases the number of cycles in a pulse B. Damping decreases spatial pulse length C. Damping worsens axial resolution D. Damping decreases the sensitivity of the transducer.

C. Damping worsens axial resolution

The percentage of time that the ultrasound system is producing pulses of ultrasound describes the: A. PRP B. Pulse Duration C. Duty factor D. PRF

C. Duty factor

Which of the following may also be referred to as a far zone? A. Frame zone B. Fresnel zone C. Fraunhofer zone D. Frankincense zone

C. Fraunhofer zone

What is essentially equal to the power of a wave divided by the area over which the power is distributed? A. Amplitude B. Power C. Intensity D. Absorption

C. Intensity

Which of the following will increase the near zone length? A. Large crystal diameter, low frequency B. Small crystal diameter, low frequency C.Large crystal diameter, high frequency D. Small crystal diameter, high frequency

C. Large crystal diameter, high frequency

Transducers have material within them that when electronically stimulated, produces ultrasound waves. This is most likely some form of : A. Copperhirm Titonize B. Zinconian sulfate C. Lead zirconate titanate D. Barium

C. Lead zirconate titanate

Which mode is interested in the movement of the reflectors along one scan line? A. A-mode B. B-mode C. M-mode D. C- mode

C. M-mode

Which of the following transducers uses a motor for steering the beam? A. Linear phased array B. Sequential linear array C. Mechanical transducer D. Curvilinear sequenced array

C. Mechanical transducer

Spatial pulse length can be calculated by: A. Multiplying the number of cycles times the frequency B. Dividing the period by the frequency C. Multiplying the number of cycles times the wavelength D. Dividing the number of cycles by the wavelength

C. Multiplying the number of cycles times the wavelength

Along with image depth, which of the following also determines the frame rate? A. Axial resolution B. Frequency C. Number of lines per frame D. Lateral Resolution

C. Number of lines per frame

In an unfocused, single -element transducer, the focal point of the sound beam measures how much of the total beam width? A. One fourth B. One third C. One half D. Equal

C. One Half

Which of the following is defined as the number of ultrasound pulses emitted in 1 second: A. PRP B. Duty Factor C. PRF D. Spatial Pulse Length

C. PRF

Which of the following is defined as changing the timing of the shocking of the elements in order to shape and steer the beam? A. Angulation B. Focusing C. Phasing D. Bundling

C. Phasing

What receiver function converts the negative portion of the signal to positive? A. Compression B. Condensation C. Rectification D.Amplification

C. Rectification

An advantage of coded excitation is improved A. Azimuthal resolution B. Temporal resolution C. Signal to noise ratio D. Lateral Resolution

C. Signal to noise ratio

Which of the following describes the result of destructive interference? A. The resulting wave is much larger than the original wave B. The resulting wave is a little larger than the original wave C. The resulting wave is smaller than the original wave D. Destructive interference does not occur with diagnostic imaging

C. The resulting wave is smaller than the original wave.

How's does a cathode ray tube steer the charged particles emitted by the electron so that they sweep across the front screen? A. Phasing B. Mechanical steering C. Using a magnetic field D. Reflecting off of a mirror

C. Using the magnetic field

Which of the following is a storage medium that uses a magnetic tape? A. Film B. Thermal Printer C. VHS D. CD

C. VHS

The smallest component of a 3D image is the: A. Bit B.Byte C. Voxel D. Pixel

C. Voxel

Which type of zoom offers a high-quality zoom but must be selected while the image is live? A. Postprocessing zoom B. Read zoom C. Write zoom D. None of the above

C. Write zoom

The inertia of the medium described its: A. Attenuation characteristics B. Stiffness C.Density D. Elasticity

C.Density

Which of the following will decrease beam divergence the far field? A. Large crystal diameter, low frequency B. Small crystal diameter, low frequency C.Large crystal diameter, high frequency D. Small crystal diameter, high frequency

C.Large crystal diameter, high frequency

The change in the direction of the original sound wave that occurs when sound interacts with two different tissue types that have a different propagation speed is referred to as: A. Wavelength B. Scattering C.Refraction D. Absorption

C.Refraction

In clinical imaging, the wavelength measures between: A. 1 and 10Hz B. 1540 and 2000 m/s C. 0 and 1 D. 0.1 to 0.8 mm

D. 0.1 to 0.8 mm

Which of the following is considered the speed of sound in soft tissue ? A. 660 m/s B. 330 m/s C. 1480 m/s D. 1540 m/s

D. 1540 m/s

A sound wave travels 26 micro per second to a reflector. How far away is the reflector, assuming the medium is soft tissue? A.0.5 cm B.1.0 cm C.2.0 cm D.4.0 cm

D. 4.0 cm

As a sound wave travels through the human body, the intensity of the sound wave decreases as a result of: A. Attenuation B. Absorption C. Scattering D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is a technique used to reduce the presence of grating lobes? A. Apodization B. Tissue Harmonics C. Subdicing D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The maximum value or minimum value of an acoustic variable minus the equilibrium value of that variable describes the: A. Power B. Intensity C. Duty Factor D. Amplitude

D. Amplitude

Which types of transducers are no longer used? A. Continuous- wave transducer B. Curved sequenced array transducer C. Linear sequenced array transducer D. Annular array transducer

D. Annular array transducer

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an unfocused single- element transducer? A. At the face of the transducer, the beam diameter is equal to the element diameter B. At a distance of one near zone length, the beam diameter is equal to one half of the diameter of the element C. At a distance of two near zone lengths, the beam diameter again equals the element diameter D. At the face of the transducer, the beam diameter is twice the size of the element thickness

D. At the face of the transducer, the beam diameter is twice the size of the element thickness

As the sound beam travels it is attenuated. This explains the need to have which receiver function? A. Compression B. Demodulation C. Amplification D. Compensation

D. Compensation

Which of the following would cause an increase in frame rate? A. Multifocusing B. Increased line density C. Increased imaging depth D. Decreased imaging depth

D. Decreased imaging depth

In a standard cathode ray tube used to display ultrasound images, what are the charged particles that are emitted from a "gun" from the rear of the tube? A. Neutrons B. Photons C. Positrons D. Electrons

D. Electrons

Which of the following would be considered the narrowest part of the sound beam? A. Far zone B. Near zone C. Near zone Length D. Focus

D. Focus

What states that waves are the result of the interface of many wavelengths produced at the face of the transducer? A. Curie's principle B. Snell's law C. Bernoulli's law D. Huygen's principle

D. Huygen's Principle

What is the change in power if the amplitude triples? A. It doubles B. It triples C. It quadruples D. It increases nine times

D. It increases nine times

What does heat sterilization do to an ultrasound transducer? A. Gives it better axial resolution B. Improves the lateral Resolution of the transducer C. Kills all the bacteria and viruses D. Kills pathogens and destroys the transducer

D. Kills pathogens and destroys the transducer

Sound is technically a : A. Transverse and longitudinal wave B. Mechanical and transverse wave C. Non mechanical and pressure wave D. Mechanical and longitudinal wave

D. Mechanical and longitudinal wave

Which of the following is defined as only the active time ? A. Duty Factor B. Pulse repetition frequency C. Period D. Pulse duration

D. Pulse duration

The part of the receiver that reduces low-level system noise is the: A. Demodulation B. Compensation C. Amplification D. Rejection

D. Rejection

Which of the following describes the amount of refraction that occurs at an interface A. Bernoulli's Law B. Poiseuille's Law C. Law of reflection D. Snell's Law

D. Snell's Law

Which type of resolution is an accurate representation of moving structures? A. Lateral Resolution B. Azimuthal resolution C. Spatial Resolution D. Temporal Resolution

D. Temporal Resolution

Which of the following is not true of the linear sequenced array transducer? A. Rectangular shape image B. Firing is sequenced C. Electronically focused D. The elements are arranged in a ring

D. The elements are arranged In a ring

Which of the following is not true statement about a mechanical transducer? A. It uses a motor to steer the beam B. Most transducers are no longer mechanical C. May be focused with a lens or phased focused D. There are no moving parts

D. There are no moving parts

In M- mode imaging, what is along the x-axis ? A. Depth B. Amplitude C. Intensity D. Time

D. Time

What must be known in order to calculate distance to a reflector? A. Attenuation, speed, density B. Attenuation, impedance C. Density, speed D. Travel time, speed

D. Travel time, speed

Which of the following is described as the distance over which one cycles occurs: A. Pulse Duration B. Duty Factor C. Period D. Wavelength

D. Wavelength

Which of the following is determined by the sound source and medium? A. Propagation speed B. Frequency C. Period D. Wavelength

D. Wavelength