SS3A: Midterm (Practice Quiz Questions)

According to the APA citation system, which type of in-text citation would be required following this passage? Hollingshead was the first researcher to call attention to the growing epidemic of Chinchilla rustling in Peru and Chile, calling for a global effort to document the origins of all pet and hobby sales of these cute, but also important members of their native ecosystems [what goes here?].

(2003, p.21)

According to the APA citation system, which type of in-text citation would be required following this passage? According to one tongue-in-cheek review, if we were to take the on-camera persona known as Stephen Colbert literally when warning us of danger, we would all have spent most of the decade of the 2000s cowering in our homes, door barred, for fear of angering those voracious killing machines known more commonly as bears [what goes here?].

(Connors and Guilkey, 2015)

In the short postscript entitled "The Ethics of Research" which of the following IS mentioned in the list of ethical responsibilities for researchers that featured prominently throughout your text?

- Establishing a social contract with your reader - Avoiding plagiarism - Guarding against biases in collecting and reporting evidence - Projecting a trustworthy Ethos as a writer

Which of the following IS a criterion used by most researchers to evaluate the evidence presented in a report?

- How authoritative or credible is the source of the information - How representative is the evidence being presented - How accurately is the evidence described in the report - How precisely is the evidence described

Which of the following examples from the Craft of Research is considered plagiarism by its authors?

- Quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing a source but failing to cite it - Borrowing ideas or methods from a source without citing it - Including a direct quote from a source with a citation but failing to put quotation marks around it (or make it a block quote) - Paraphrasing and citing a source but doing a poor job of it so that most of the original words are still the same

Which of the following individuals would be considered a researcher (someone who prepares extensively before writing or speaking) according to Booth et al. (2016)?

- Rachel Maddow - Albert Einstein - Bill Gates - John Oliver

According to your textbook authors, which of the following tasks are considered necessary to become an expert researcher?

- Reporting information clearly and accurately - Finding Information - Evaluating information - Using the research of others

Which of the following methods is NOT recommended by Booth et al. (2016) when attempting to find specific resources to support an argument or claim.

- Searching the online catalog at your library - Walking around in the stacks of paper books at the library - Locating reference sections in related articles and following these references - Using online citation indexes that track other articles citing the current one (ALL OF THESE OPTIONS ARE RECOMMENDED)

Which type of interaction are we interested in learning about in this course?

- The impact of computing technologies on society - The impact of computing technologies on the way that social scientists study the world - The impact of social science research on the development of new technologies - The impact of societal change on the development of new technologies

Fill-In the Blank: Booth et al. (2016) state that the question(s) you ask have an important impact on _______.

- The new information obtained - Subsequent questions asked

For which of the following reasons do Booth et al. (2016) recommend a student read secondary sources when just starting out on a new research project?

- To locate data that could potentially be used to support your own argument - To find research questions that are better thought out or more specific - To discover new arguments that can further stimulate thinking - To identify a specific research problem to pursue

Which of the following is a reason to learn the valuable skill of paraphrasing?

- You can adjust the language of a passage to match the rest of your paper while keeping the important information - You can avoid "over-quoting" - making your paper a string of other people's words rather than your own - You will understand the original material better if you take the time to put it into your own words - You can avoid many of the most common forms of "accidental" plagiarism by paraphrasing to begin with

According to the Story of Search, about how many questions are asked (or characteristics measured) about each page that is indexed in order to assist in the ranking of pages?

100-999

When evaluating a source for possible inclusion in a research project or paper, skimming is strongly recommended. Place the following sections in the order recommended when skimming a source that is an online article for relevance. A. Skim the abstract B. Skim the introduction and conclusion C. Skim the bibliography for titles relevant to your topic D. Use CTRL-F or a similar function to search the article for your target keywords E. Skim for section headings

A --> B --> D --> E --> C

MATCHING: Booth et al. describe the standards that "people who read a lot of research" are going to apply to the evidence in a research report. Match the following general types of evidence to the standards used to judge them. Types of Evidence A. Data you collected yourself B. Data collected by others (primary sources) C. Analysis done by others (secondary sources) Standards I. Identify the sources, provide complete citations, and show that you got as close to the actual data as you reasonably could II. Identify the source(s) of the data and provide complete citations to where the data are available III. Explain all major details of how data were collected and where they are available

A <--> III, B <--> II, C <--> I

FILL-IN: When a researcher follows certain conventions to ensure that information is located within a paper where the reader expects it to be, Booth et al. describe that researcher as relying on ________.

A Genre

FILL-IN: When deciding which information from a source is worth including in your notes, it can be helpful to think about your notes as ____________.

A map highlighting key places

According to the FAQ page and the orientation material, what is a "recommended deadline"?

A recommendation

FILL-IN: Booth et al. (2016) would label the general starting place for your research report _______.

A research topic

According to Booth et al. what is a WARRANT (in a research context)?

A statement describing the principle that connects a reason to a claim when that reason is not obvious

There is an old saying, "Nothing new under the sun," meaning that if you are thinking it, it has also already been thought by someone else. According to the Story of Search, about how many searches conducted daily are entirely new (never been seen by Google before)?

About 15%

For Tuesday, you read Chapter 7. What would this be an example of... "While Kerry's Argument that not every last multitasker who participated in Dr. Jones' study showed declines in their comprehension is true, on average they earned a full letter grade less than their single-tasking classmates."

Acknowledgment and Response

FILL-IN: One helpful suggestion that is offered to better understand the mindset of researchers when taking notes is to think like _____________ (rather than like a student).

An archivist

In the postscript on ethics, Booth et al. (2016) point out that the word ethics derives from the Greek word ethos. Which of the following is one of the meanings of ethos?

An individual's character

In the orientation material, it is recommended that you begin each day by checking with which section on Canvas?

Announcements

Based on the explanation in the short postscript entitled "The Ethics of Research", which rationale for avoiding plagiarism would the authors consider the strongest and most important?

Because if plagiarism becomes common, it devalues all intellectual work

FILL-IN: According to Booth et al. (2016) the right time to imagine your ideal, perspective reader and think about the role you want to assume as a writer is ________.

Before you write the first word of your first draft

Which of the two sentences below is an acceptable way to attribute a source author when using the APA citation system: Option A: Liu (2017) claims that active regeneration of cell tissue following severe burns is not only possible, but will be "the norm" in under a decade's time thanks to the latest advances in stem cell and other cutting-edge therapies (p. 11). Option B: Active regeneration of cell tissue following severe burns is not only possible, but will be "the norm" in under a decade's time thanks to the latest advances in stem cell and other cutting-edge therapies (Liu, 2017, p. 11).

Both A and B

For Tuesday, you read Chapter 7. What component of an argument would this statement best be classified as... "In this paper, I argue that students who multi-task during lectures are missing critical information."

Claim

From Chapter 8 (for today), read the statement below taken from a hypothetical student paper and decide which type of claim or problem it most sounds like: In this paper I will explain how the Application Programming Interface (API) standard has revolutionized the web 2.0 environment by making it possible for everyday users and developers to build their own custom software and have it "talk" to websites and databases and further democratizing the web.

Conceptual Problem

Juanicia has determined that a research article she is reading is highly relevant to her research question and also very reliable. What is the very first thing that she should do next, according to Booth et al. (2016).

Copy the complete bibliographic data for the article into your notes

When evaluating a source for possible inclusion in a research project or paper, skimming is strongly recommended. Place the following sections in the order recommended when skimming a source that is a book for relevance. A. Skim the bibliography for titles relevant to your topic B. Skim the concluding chapter C. Skim the first and last paragraphs of each chapter D. Skim the index for your keywords E. Skim prologues, introductions, and summary chapters

D --> C --> E --> B --> A

Examine the list below of "Thou Shalt Nots" for researchers also found in the postscript entitled "The Ethics of Research." Which one of these ethical obligations is best satisfied by ensuring careful inclusion of the last component of a formal argument (acknowledgement and response)?

Do not conceal objections that you cannot rebut

TRUE/FALSE: In the video instruction for today, measurement error was defined as "errors in observation that are introduced by the fact that we cannot measure our research subjects directly, but must take their word for it" .

False

TRUE/FALSE: The notes that one would take during a course to prepare for a final exam are similar in every major respect to the notes one would take during a research process to prepare for writing a research report.

False

TRUE/FALSE: When it comes to evaluating the reliability of a potential source, there are few good indicators, so one must rely mostly on "instinct".

False

Which of the following is NOT a question that relates to one of the 5 core elements of any research argument (from Booth et al. CH 7)?

How IMPORTANT are my arguments to my potential audience?

Which of the following is NOT a criterion used by most researchers to evaluate the evidence presented in a report?

How many different reasons and separate forms of evidence are presented for a claim

All of the following topics are addressed in Chapter 5 with the exception of which one?

How to incorporate sources into writing your report

According to Booth et al. (2016) which of the following items are needed before one can start looking efficiently for data, ideas, and information to test a claim? I. A clear question II. At least one promising answer or hypothesis III. A plan for how to proceed

I, II, and III

Suppose Alphonso reads the following paragraph in the introduction to a 2017 online article by an author named David Silverfield about global population: By 2050, projections of global population range widely, from those predicting runaway population growth into the 100s of billions or even trillions, to the pessimists who predict a collapse and decline even below current population estimates of over 7 billion. Many more reasonable estimates lie in between, but nearly all serious scholars agree to one point - it is vital when making any sort of projection to clearly lay out the assumptions that underlie the model or prediction. On this score, more recent (and generally more modest) projections appear stronger than some of the most alarming projections of thirty and forty years ago during the height of the first great "overpopulation crisis" in demography. Which of the following would be the best set of research notes on this one paragraph, according to the standards discussed in the videos for today?

In this introduction, Silverfield (2017) calls attention to the way in which projections of population are sensitive to the assumptions that they rest upon, noting that more recent projections do a much better job at identifying and reporting these assumptions. This gives an advantage to these projections over older ones that also tend to range more widely (1).

Which term below best describes the APA style citation system?

It is an Author-date style

What solution do Booth et al. put forward as the "antidote" or countermeasure to the flood of information (some good, some bad) that we encounter on the internet, TV, and elsewhere?

Learn to accurately judge the research of others and value clearly reported findings

Which of the following do Booth et al. consider to be "the worst mistake a researcher can make"?

Misleading a reader by portraying the ideas or words of another as one's own

Which of the following would be described as a BAD or ineffective role to assume when writing a research report?

My role is to show you how many facts I have dug up

Which of the following circumstances would be most likely to impact or change the results of the same Search from week to week?

One or more of the search keywords becomes a trending term in the news

FILL-IN: When discussing the ways in which different research fields utilize sources to construct arguments, Booth et al. (2016) observe that _________ fields use primary resources and __________ fields use secondary resources.

Only some ; All

Suppose one of your classmates is having difficulty in the final weeks of this course with connecting a research claim to specific evidence in a research report. Which section of The Craft of Research would be best to suggest to that student for review?

Part III: Making an Argument

Suppose one of your classmates is having difficulty in the final weeks of this course with writing an effective introduction to a research report. Which section of The Craft of Research would be best to suggest to that student for review?

Part IV: Writing Your Argument

There is an old saying, "There is no such thing as a free lunch." Which of the following is one of the ways that Google brings in revenue to help fund the cost of indexing the entire World Wide Web and delivering search results to billions of users for no charge?

Placing paid advertisements at the top and side of search results

Classify the following source according to the 3 type system presented in Booth et al.: An article from Wikipedia on the History of Video Games used in a paper that investigates whether female contributors to the development of video games are fairly represented in the references and descriptions found on Wikipedia

Primary Source

For Tuesday, you read Chapter 7. If the following statement followed the one from the last question, what would be the best description of its role in the overall argument?"the major culprit in explaining students' poor comprehension was their inability to simultaneously take in two different sources of sensory information - instead they switched back and forth, turning their attention to the class material on and off like a light switch."

Reason

Which statement best describes the content and subject matter of SS3A over time?

Regularly changing in response to new technologies and research methods

There are many different lists and frameworks that can be used when evaluating the quality or credibility of a potential source. In the very-much simplified system presented by Booth et al. (2016), there are just two major criteria. What are they?

Relevance and Reliability

When refining ideas about research, the most typical pattern followed by most researchers is which of the following?

Research Topic --> Research Question --> Research Claim

FILL-IN: The intended audience for a Secondary Source would most often be ___________.

Scholars or Professionals

Classify the following source according to the 3 type system presented in Booth et al.: A peer-reviewed article that summarizes what is known about a research area and puts forward a new set of questions to advance research

Secondary Source

Examine the two sets of possible Search queries below and determine which set(s) will produce similar results. Set 1 draft a report draft in wartime draft NCAA players draft beer clubs Set 2 write a report draft a report compose a report produce a report

Set 2 (only) will produce similar page results

Which of the following approaches is recommended (by Microsoft, me, and many others) whenever you need to format a large multipage document, especially if you may need to modify the formatting later?

Setting and Using Styles

FILL-IN: One point emphasized in the postscript entitled "The Ethics of Research" is that research is a profoundly _______ activity.

Social

The automated programs that search and index web content to help create Google's index (and the indexes of other search engines) are called what?

Spiders

Which of the paraphrases below plagiarizes the following paragraph from Malcolm Gladwell's book Outliers: The Story of Success? "Achievement is talent plus preparation. The problem with this view is that the closer psychologists look at the careers of the gifted, the smaller the role innate talent seems to play and the bigger the role preparation seems to play" (2008, p. 38).

Success seems to depend on a combination of talent and preparation. However, when psychologists closely examine the gifted and their careers, they discover that innate talent plays a much smaller role than preparation (Gladwell, 2008, p. 38).

What is suggested as a good three-word answer to the question, "what can I do to avoid accidentally plagiarizing the work of another?"

Take great notes

Classify the following source according to the 3 type system presented in Booth et al.: An article from Wikipedia on the History of Video Games used in a paper on the consequences of video gaming for young children

Tertiary Source

According to "The Story of Search," how will the word jams be treated in the following search queries? Query 1: 405 highway rush hour traffic jams Query 2: Best old school R & B jams Query 3: How to treat finger jams Query 4: bottles for preserving jams

The Google synonym system will attempt to interpret which meaning you intend using context clues like the other words in the search

Using the "how to make an argument" framework presented in Booth et al. this week, which of the following would best describe what went wrong in this case that you read about on CareerBuilder for today: Applicant applied twice for the same position and provided different work history on each application.

The applicant made a claim (e.g. You should hire me) and provided inaccurate evidence to support the reason (e.g. I have the appropriate work history)

From the video lectures for today, which of the difficulties described below was used to highlight and further explain the simple principle that "every word matters" when trying to reduce measurement error in social surveys?

The complexity of translating survey questions into other languages

The default headings - take Heading 1 as an example - may not look exactly the same in Microsoft Word and Google Docs. Which of the following statements is most accurate when comparing these two Word Processing tools?

The defaults don't matter - you can customize Heading 1 using either tool and make it look however you want (within reason)

According to The Story of Search, the owner of a website has what sort of control over its potential inclusion in Search results?

The owner can provide instructions about which pages to include or exclude

A student who is researching the "literature" on what is known about search algorithms and their relationship to the free spread of information reads an important secondary source that refers heavily to a primary source. The primary source is available online for no charge. Which source should the student borrow evidence from when building her own original arguments in a research paper?

The primary source

A student who is researching the "literature" on what is known about search algorithms and their relationship to the free spread of information reads an important secondary source that refers heavily to a primary source. The primary source is not available online or publicly. Which source should the student describe and cite when reviewing the literature on this topic in a research paper?

The secondary source

When reading a source at an early stage of the research process, the following suggestions could be helpful. Which general purpose in reading do they potentially help with? Look for claims that require additional support Look for claims that contain contradictions Look for claims that make causal mistakes or misstate the history of an idea

These are ways to read for a problem

When reading a source at an early stage of the research process, the following suggestions could be helpful. Which general purpose in reading do they potentially help with? Look for claims that are begging for a response to some predictable disagreement Look for patterns in the way that reasoning is developed or explained Look for a set of arguments to model your own research paper on

These are ways to read for an argument

Which of the following was NOT found among the reasons given for taking research notes?

To make a record of all information encountered

Originally, the course SS3A was proposed for what purpose?

To serve as an alternative to computer science courses for social scientists to learn research computing

FILL-IN: The act of recalling from where or how you know something, or how to find that information again (rather than recalling the information itself), is labelled ___________.

Transactive memory

TRUE/FALSE: A "peer reviewed" resource is one that has undegone a careful evaluation by experts in that research field prior to publication.

True

TRUE/FALSE: A critical step when planning to write a research report is to think about what your potential reader will want and what they would be willing to "put up with" in order to get it.

True

TRUE/FALSE: A user who opts to take the time to set up and use styles in Microsoft Word can make a document entirely compatible with the APA style guide's recommendations about the font size, centering, bolding, and placement of various headings (they would not need to make individual changes to formatting once the styles are set up).

True

TRUE/FALSE: In the video instruction for today, most of the social survey data collection efforts produced less total data for an equal or greater cost, compared to the other major data collection efforts shown on the graphic.

True

TRUE/FALSE: When taking notes for research purposes, one must actively consider the possibility that those notes could be made public at some point in the future.

True

TRUE/FALSE: When you conduct a Google Search you are actually searching Google's index of the web, not the web itself.

True

TRUE/FALSE: changing the focus of your research paper and the question being asked can result in the reclassification of sources from secondary to primary, tertiary to secondary, and so on.

True

How many "plans" should a researcher have, according to Booth et al. (2016)?

Two

In the short postscript entitled "The Ethics of Research" which of the following is NOT mentioned in the list of ethical responsibilities for researchers that featured prominently throughout your text?

Using research to fight against policies that you believe are unjust

FILL-IN: The acronym VPN mentioned in today's video material stands for ________.

Virtual Private Network

Which of the following is a question that relates to one of the 5 core elements of any research argument (from Booth et al. CH 7)?

What is my CLAIM? What REASONS support my claim? What EVIDENCE supports each reason? Do I ACKNOWLEDGE AND RESPOND to alternatives, complications, and objections?

For certain sections of a research report, a large volume of the information that is included comes from other sources and must be paraphrased, since convention states that direct quotes are to be used sparingly, if at all. When is the best time in the course of doing research to begin putting information and ideas into your own words, or paraphrasing?

When you first takes notes on a source

Read the following two sentences from an older edition of your text and then judge whether the paraphrase that follows does an adequate job of rearranging the sentence structure and wording to "put it in your own words". Original: "You paraphrase appropriately when you represent an idea in your own words more clearly or pointedly than the source does. But readers will think that you plagiarize if they can match your wordsand phrasing with those of your source" (Booth et al. 2008, p. 194). Sample Paraphrase: "According to Booth, Colomb, and Williams (2008), paraphrase is the use of your own words to represent the ideas of another more clearly. It becomes plagiarism when readers see a word-for-word similarity between a paraphrase and a source." (p. 194).

Yes, this paraphrasing is acceptable

FILL-IN: According to Booth et al. (2016), the volume and proliferation of information and data across the internet has resulted in libraries being __________.

more important

FILL-IN: One of the most common and best suggestions for good paraphrasing is to read the passage you are interested in and then ________________________________.

put the actual text out of sight before attempting to paraphrase it

What do I describe as the "center" of this course?

research