Study Guide

A balloon that weighs 1 N is suspended in air, drifting neither up nor down. (a) How much buoyant force acts on it? (b) What happens if the buoyant force decreases? (c) If the buoyant force increases? -(a) 1 kg up; (b) it falls; and (c) it rises. -(a) 1 N down; (b) it falls; and (c) it rises. -(a) 1 N up; (b) it rises; and (c) it falls. -(a) 1 N up; (b) it falls; and (c) it rises.

-(a) 1 N up; (b) it falls; and (c) it rises.

Your friend of mass 100 kg barely float in fresh water. What is her volume approximately? ( Consider the density of fresh water is 1000 kg/m3) -0.1 m3 -100 m3 -1 m3 -10m3

-0.1 m3

Which of these has the greatest density? -1 g of lead. -2 kg of concrete. -10 kg of concrete. -3 kg of iron.

-1 g of lead.

What is the volume of 1000 kg of Water? (Density of water is 1000 kg/m3) -100 m2 -1 m3 -1000 m3 -1000 m2

-1 m3

The pascal is a pressure unit equal to _____________ -1 newton per square centimeter. -1 kilogram per square centimeter. -1 newton per square meter. -1 kilogram per square meter.

-1 newton per square meter.

What is the mass of a cubic meter of air at room temperature (20°C)? Assume density of air at 20oC is 1.21 kg/m3 -12.1 kg -1.21 N -12.1 N -1.21 kg

-1.21 kg

A 2-kg antique painting is hung from the end of the spring. The spring then stretches a distance 10 cm. If instead, a 4-kg painting is hung from the spring, how much will the spring stretch? -10 cm . -20 cm -15 cm -5 cm

-20 cm

There is a cubic meter ( m3) of cork on the floor. What is the mass and weight of a cubic meter ( m3) of cork? (Note: Density of cork is 400 kg/m3 and acceleration due to gravity on earth .g = ) -400 kg and 400 kg -40 kg and 400 N -400 kg and 4000 N

-400 kg and 4000 N

If a 10 grams body of matter meets 3 parts body of antimatter, what mass survives? -7 grams of matter will survive -3 grams of antimatter will survive. -3 grams of matter will survive. -No matter will survive.

-7 grams of matter will survive

A cube 2 cm on a side is cut into cubes 1 cm on a side. How many cubes do you have as a result? ( Note: Volume of a cube = length x width x height) -2 -6 -4 -8

-8

You take 1000 mg of a vitamin and your friend takes 1 g of the same vitamin. Who takes more vitamin? -I take more -Both take same amount. -my friend

-Both take same amount.

Would it be slightly more difficult to draw soda through a straw at sea level or on top of a very high mountain? -Drinking through a straw is slightly more difficult atop a mountain. This is because the higher atmospheric pressure is less effective in pushing soda up into the straw. -Drinking through a straw is slightly more difficult atop a mountain. This is because the reduced atmospheric pressure is less effective in pushing soda up into the straw.

-Drinking through a straw is slightly more difficult atop a mountain. This is because the reduced atmospheric pressure is less effective in pushing soda up into the straw.

What fundamental force dictates the size of an atom? -Gravitational Force -Strong Force -Electrical Force -Weak Force

-Electrical Force

Which contributes more to atom's volume (its size)? -Neutrons -Protons -Electrons

-Electrons

Hooke's law says that amount of stretch or compression of an elastic material is directly proportional to the square of the magnitude of applied force. -True -False

-False

Which of the following are pure elements? -H 2 O , N a C l , a n d H 2 S O 4 -H 2 , N a C l , a n d H e -H 2 , H e , N a , a n d U -H e , U , a n d H 2 S O 4 -H 2 O , H e , H 2 , a n d U

-H 2 , H e , N a , a n d U

By far the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere is ________________ -N2 ( Nitrogen gas) -O2 (Oxygen gas) -Ar ( Argon)

-N2 ( Nitrogen gas)

Is pressure greater or less in regions where streamlines are crowded? -Pressure is greater near the top streamlines and lower near the bottom, regardless of spacing. -Pressure does not depend on streamline spacing -Pressure is lower where streamlines are closer. -Pressure is higher where streamlines are closer.

-Pressure is lower where streamlines are closer.

Consider two tubes filled with water at the same height, one with freshwater and the other with saltwater. The pressure is greater at the bottom of the tube with __________________ Consider density of fresh water = 1000 kg/m3 and density of salt water = 1030 kg/m3 -Both the same. -fresh water. -Salt water. -Depends on whether the tubes have the same cross-sectional area.

-Salt water.

What is the energy source for the motion of gas in the atmosphere? What prevents atmospheric gases from flying off into space? (Hint: Read section 14.1 in your textbook) -Geothermal energy and gravity. -Solar energy and gravity. -Solar energy and clouds. -Geothermal energy and clouds.

-Solar energy and gravity.

What are streamlines? -Streamlines trace the smooth paths of bits of fluid. -Streamlines show the density change of fluids, where closer streamlines mean denser fluid. -Streamlines show the pressure in fluids, where closer streamlines mean higher pressure. -Streamlines portray the forces on flowing fluids.

-Streamlines trace the smooth paths of bits of fluid.

What happens to the internal pressure in a fluid flowing in a horizontal pipe when its speed decreases? -The speed does not change when the speed decreases. -The pressure is independent of the speed. -The pressure decreases when the speed decreases. -The pressure increases when the speed decreases.

-The pressure increases when the speed decreases.

When there is faster-moving water between two ships, are the ships sucked together or pushed together? Explain. -They are pushed together, because faster flow between the ships decreases the pressure between them compared to the exterior pressure. -They are sucked together, because faster flow between the ships decreases the pressure between them. -They are pushed together, because faster flow between the ships increases the pressure between them. -They are both pushed together and sucked together, because faster flow between the ships decreases the pressure between them.

-They are pushed together, because faster flow between the ships decreases the pressure between them compared to the exterior pressure.

Noncrystalline solids are said to be amorphous. -False. -True

-True

Strength is related to area of the cross section, whereas weight related to volume. -True -False

-True

The first evidence confirming the crystal structure of matter was _______________. -X-ray diffraction patterns. -the citing of experiments by Nobel Prize-winning scientists. -testimonials by crystal-loving investigators.

-X-ray diffraction patterns.

If you add or subtract a proton to or from the nucleus of an atom, you produce ______________ -an ion. -a completely different atom. -an isotope of the same atom.

-a completely different atom

When you sit in the middle of a horizontal bench supported at its ends, the top side of the bench is ____________. -compressed and the neutral region in between is compressed. -under tension and the bottom side under compression. -compressed and the bottom is stretched.

-compressed and the bottom is stretched.

The crystals in matter are held together by ________________ -electrical bonding forces. -excess neutrons. -amorphous forces. -cohesive forces

-electrical bonding forces.

Which of the following has the smallest mass? -electron -proton -neutron -Except for slight differences, all have about the same mass.

-electron

While standing, your blood pressure is normally greatest in your ______________. -heart -same in heart, head and feet. -head -feet

-feet

The atoms in isotopes of a particular element have different numbers of _____________ -neutrons. -electric charges. -electrons. -protons.

-neutrons

How many types of atoms can you expect to find in a pure stable sample of any element? -one -three -two -many

-one

When you stand on tiptoes on a bathroom scale, there is an increase in ____________________ weight reading. -pressure on the scale, not registered as weight. -both weight and pressure on the scale. -No answer text provided.

-pressure on the scale, not registered as weight.

Brownian motion has to do with the ________________ -random motions of atoms and molecules. -size of atoms. -rhythmic movements of Brownians. -vibration of atoms.

-random motions of atoms and molecules.

When a 20,000-N (weight) ship sails from saltwater into freshwater, buoyant force on the ship ____________ -remains unchanged. -decreases. -Increases.

-remains unchanged.

Compared with the wavelength of visible light, atoms are _______________ -smaller. -about the same size. -fuzzier. -larger.

-smaller.

A very lightweight horizontal loop of wire is suspended from a fine spring, lowered into water, and then raised to the surface. Any further attempt to raise it causes the spring to _____________ -stay the same -contract -stretch

-stretch

Why do the card and water do what they do when Dr. Hewitt flips them over? -Dr. Hewitt is holding the card with his hand and preventing it from falling out. -the air pushing up from underneath the paper due to air pressure is strong enough to overcome the weight of the water pushing down on the paper. -The card is glued to the glass and prevents it from falling out.

-the air pushing up from underneath the paper due to air pressure is strong enough to overcome the weight of the water pushing down on the paper.

Atmospheric pressure is mainly due to the ___________. motion of air molecules. -average temperature of air -air pressure against Earth's surface. -weight of air

-weight of air

When you float in saltwater rather than in freshwater, the volume of water displaced is ____________ =unchanged and buoyant force is also unchanged. =less and the buoyant force is unchanged. -less and the buoyant force is more.

=less and the buoyant force is unchanged.

Water pressure at the bottom of a lake depends on the ____________________ a) weight of water in the lake. b) surface area of the lake. c) depth of the lake. d) All of these.

c) depth of the lake.