stuff that may be on next exam medic

Which of the following phrases in an example of using the communication technique of facilitation?

"Is there anything else you can think of "

A QRS complex with a duration of how many seconds or more signifies abnormal ventricular conduction?

0.12

A difference greater than how many millimeters is worth nothing when assessing the equality of pupil size?

1.0

During a 20-minute transport of a critical patient, you should make a concerted effort to reassess the patient ___ times.

4

You should reserve oxygen concentrations higher than which percentage for patients with hypoxia who do not respond to lower concentrations?

50%

To generate the optimal particle size, most nebulizers need to have a gas flow of at least:

6 L/min

Why are children more prone to croup when they acquire a viral infection than adults infected with the same virus?

A child's airway is narrower than an adult's and even minor swelling can result in obstruction

When assessing a patient's response to pain, you notice that the patient is not responding to stimuli. What should you do first? A. Carefully assess the airway B. Provide hyperventilation C. Perform tracheal intubation D. Give a sedative medication

A. Carefully assess the airway

Which of the following is often the presenting symptom in a patient with an acute coronary syndrome? A. Chest pain or discomfort B. Numbness and tingling in the extremities C. Palpitations D. Nausea and abdominal pain

A. Chest pain or discomfort

The onset and peak of a medication are generally related to which of the following? A. Distribution B. Metabolism C. Neutralization D. Elimination

A. Distribution

Chelating agents bind with which of the following substances? A. Heavy metals B. Lipids C. Electrolytes D. Exogenous toxic substances

A. Heavy metals

Which of the following would have the most negative effect on the outcome of a patient with an intracranial hemorrhage? A. Hypotension B. Hypertension C. Tachycardia D. Hypothermia

A. Hypotension

Fibrinolysis may be contraindicated if the patient has which of the following? A. Right versus left arm systolic BP difference of greater than 15 mm Hg B. Diastolic BP greater than 80 mm Hg at the time of patient presentation C. Slight irregularity in the pulse during the inhalation phase of breathing D. Systolic BP less than 180mm Hg at the time of patient presentation

A. Right versus left arm systolic BP difference of greater than 15 mm Hg

Which of the following statements regarding the SA node is correct? A. The SA node is the dominant cardiac pacemaker in healthy patients B. The SA node is located in the superior aspect of the right ventricle C. SA nodal ischemia occurs when the left coronary artery is occluded D. Impulses generated by the SA node travel through the right atrium only

A. The SA node is the dominant cardiac pacemaker in healthy patients

Which of the following conditions is a general indication for using CPAP? A. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress after a submersion B. Breathing is at a slow rate with shallow depth C. The patient is unable to follow verbal commands D. Oxygen saturation is 96% or less

A. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress after a submersion

Which of the following causes of altered mental status in a gradual process? A. Uremia B. Acidosis C. Epilepsy D. Psychosis

A. Uremia

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for airway control? A. Trochlear B. Trigeminal C. Oculomotor D. Abducens

B. Trigeminal

Which of the following is an example of receptive aphasia? A. A patient with slurred speech is able to tell you their name. B. You ask a patient who the president is, and they say "January". C. A patient responds with "no" when asked if they have hypertension. D. You hand a patient a pencil and they try to cut paper with it

B. You ask a patient who the president is, and they say "January".

What type of medication can causes thick sputum?

Antihistamine

When caring for an unresponsive, clinically unstable patient symptomatic bradycardia, what is the most immediate priority?

Ensuring adequate ventilation and oxygenation

During a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, the patient is rigid and his back is arched. This represents which phase of the seizure?

Hypertonic

Which medication causes smooth muscle relaxation and is used to treat severe asthma?

IV magnesium sulfate

What term is used to describe a situation in which a patient experiences clinical effects from a medication that are opposite from the intended effects?

Paradoxical reaction

Which form of medications can be described as a sterile solution for direct injection into a body cavity, tissue, or organ?

Parenteral solution

Patient with pneumonia often experience a coughing fit when they roll from one side to the other because

Pneumonia often occurs in the lung bases, typically on only one side

What portion of the brainstem regulates respiratory rate and depth?

Pons

A medication container is damaged in the field. How should you dispose of partially used or damaged medication containers?

Return the damaged container to the department responsible for dispensing the medication

Which class of medications may not be prescribed, dispensed, used, or administered for medical use?

Schedule I

Distributive shock occurs when there is:

Widespread dilation of the resistance vessels

The paramedic should suspect hyperkalemia in a patient with

a crush injury

A person who experiences sharp chest pain followed by increasing dyspnea after coughing likely has:

a pneumothorax

In contrast to a patient in shock, you would expect a patient with increased intracranial pressure to present with

a widened pulse pressure

A patient reports that their chest discomfort begins in the center of their chest and radiates to their back. Based on this information, you suspect that the patient may have

acute aortic dissection

The most common cause of cardiogenic shock is:

acute myocardial infarction

A patient shares that they are having difficulty breathing. When asked how long they have been experiencing this symptom, the patient tells you that they have noticed it over the last month. They also share that it occurs most often upon exertion. You suspect that the patient may be exhibiting signs of

acute pulmonary embolism

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is defined as:

acute shortness of breath that suddenly awakens a person from sleep.

An undesirable clinical change caused by a medication that causes some degree of harm or discomfort to the patient is called a(n):

adverse effect

When ventilating a patient with apnea with a bag-mask device, you note increased compliance. This means that:

air can be forced into the lungs with relative ease

A medication that initiates or alters a cellular activity by attaching or receptor sites and prompting a cell response is said to be

an agonist

Sonorous respirations are likely caused by:

an anatomic airway obstruction.

The paramedic should address a patient

as the patient wishes to be addressed.

The main stem bronchus ends at the level of the:

bronchioles

A medication that has a narrow therapeutic index:

can be given, but not without close patient monitoring.

Depolarization occurs when

cell wall permeability changes and sodium rushes into the cell.

Medications that are manufactured synthetically

do not use animal, mineral, or vegetable sources.

The most common complaint in patients with a respiratory disease is

dyspnea

Polycythemia is a condition in which

excess red blood cells are produced in response to chronic hypoxia.

The upper airway of an adult consists of all the structures above the

glottis

Compared to Schedule III drugs, Schedule IV drugs:

have a lower abuse potential and include medications such as diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan)

The paramedic can avoid technical errors in medication administration by:

having a partner confirm the volume in a syringe or a weight base medication calculation

A loud S3 heart sound, when heard in older adults, often signifies:

heart failure

Blood-tinged sputum can be caused by:

heart failure

Acute pulmonary edema

impairs oxygen diffusion into the pulmonary capillaries

The body's immediate response to mild hypoxemia is

increased heart rate

Etomidate is a medication that

induces profound sedation following a single dose.

A prolonged QT interval indicates that the heart:

is experiencing an extended refractory period, making the ventricles more vulnerable to dysrhythmias.

The point of maximal impulse usually can be felt on the:

left anterior chest, in the midclavicular line, at the fifth intercostal space

paroxymsal nocturnal dyspnea may be a sign of

left-side heart failure

Emotions such as rage and anger are generated in the

limbic system

Difficulty with exhalation is MOST characteristic of:

obstructive lung disease

Unstable angina

often awakens the patient from his or her sleep.

On most runs, the two most important pieces of patient history information that you need to obtain initially are the:

patient's name and chief complaint

The action of the body in response to a medication is called

pharmacokinetics

A patient's peripheral pulses become extremely weak during inhalation. This is called

pulsus paradoxus

The desired clinical effect after administering a beta-2 agonist medication is:

relaxation of bronchiole smooth muscle

Which condition is characterized by a P wave with an amplitude higher than 2.5 mm in lead II and/ or higher 1.5 mm in lead V1?

right atrial abnormality

The right atrium, right ventricle, and part of the left ventricle are supplied by the:

right coronary artery

Cor pulmonale is defined as:

right heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease.

Bilateral pitting edema may be a sign of

right ventricular failure

When examining the anterior abdomen of a patient who complains of abdominal pain:

routinely palpate the least painful area first

A patient with orthopnea

seeks a sitting position when short of breath.

Benzodiazepines are contraindicated for patients with:

shock

Quiet tachypnea suggests possible

shock

Management for a patient with neurologic emergency begins by:

taking deliberate actions to ensure personal safety

More often than not, the paramedic will form a general impression of a patient based on:

the initial presentation and chief complaint

Atrial kick is defined as

the volume of blood that the atria contract to the ventricles

Patients with primary pulmonary hypertension may experience acute decompensation if they are given a

vasopressor

A patient's family member informs you that the patient was recently diagnosed with primary pulmonary hypertension. Which type of medication should be avoided?

vasopressors

Higher weight-based doses must be administered to infants than to adults if a medication is:

water soluble

Which of the following conditions would likely cause the blood pressure to vary between the left and right arm? A . Cardiac tamponade B. Aortic aneurysm C. Left heart failure D. Cor pulmonale

B. Aortic aneurysm

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the hand-powered portable suction device? A. Limited suction power B. Body fluid contact C. Cannot be fixed in the field D. Not portable

B. Body fluid contact

Sodium levels greater than 160 mEq/L put the patient at risk for which of the following conditions ? A. Seizures B. Delirium C. Cirrhosis D. Renal failure

B. Delirium

Hypocalcemia can be caused by which of the following conditions? A. Metabolic acidosis B. Hypoparathyroidism C. Primary hyperparathyroidism D. Adrenal insufficiency

B. Hypoparathyroidism

Which condition may produce ST-segment elevation, mimicking acute AMI? A. Pulmonary embolism B. Pericarditis C. Electrolyte imbalance D. Aortic aneurysm

B. Pericarditis

Which of the following is a cause of respiratory acidosis? A. Carbon monoxide poisoning B. Pulmonary disease C. Heart failure D. Sepsis

B. Pulmonary disease

Which of the following is an example of an acute cerebrovascular emergency? A. Frontal headache with sensitivity to light B. Numbness and tingling C. Embolic blockage of a cerebral artery D. Accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque

C. Embolic blockage of a cerebral artery

A patient presents with a barrel chest, muscle wasting, and pursed-lip breathing. These symptoms are a sign of which condition? A. Chronic bronchitis B. Heart failure C. Emphysema D. Asthma

C. Emphysema

Which of the following can lead to metabolic alkalosis? A. Diarrhea B. Inhalation of toluene C. Excessive water intake D. Ingestion of large doses of aspirin

C. Excessive water intake

A patient who suffered major injuries in a car accident requires intubation. Ketamine is contraindicated for patients who have experienced which of the following? A. Glaucoma B. Respiratory failure C. Head injury D. Cardiac dysrhythmias

C. Head injury

Which of the following medications possesses positive inotropic effects, allows the cellular uptake of glucose, and is used in the treatment of hyperkalemia? A. Clopidogrel B. Glucophage C. Insulin D. Osmitrol

C. Insulin

Which of the following hazards are you likely to encounter at the scene of a motor vehicle crash? A. Explosives B. Unruly patient C. Moving traffic D. Running water

C. Moving traffic

Which of the following conditions would likely cause mottled skin A. Severe overhydration B. Liver dysfunction C. High fever D. Decreased perfusion

D. Decreased perfusion

Which of the following signs or symptoms are consistent with meningitis in an infant? A. High fever, drooling, and tachycardia B. Low-grade fever and depressed fontanelles C. Kehr sign, vomiting, and poor skin turgor D. High-pitched cry and bulging fontanelles

D. High-pitched cry and bulging fontanelles

A patient is experiencing fatigue, weakness, frequent urination, and stupor. A family member shares with you that the patient was recently diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism. Based on this information, you suspect that the patient is suffering from which of the following conditions? A. Hypokalemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypercalcemia

D. Hypercalcemia

Hypokalemia impacts cardiac function in which of the following ways? A. Decreased automaticity B. Increased myocardial contractility C. Decreased contractility D. Increased myocardial irritability

D. Increased myocardial irritability

A patient's caregiver tells you that the child had a previous reaction to Benadryl where they became overly excited and agitated. You identify the child likely experienced which of the following? A. Adverse event B. Allergic reaction C. Hypotensive event D. Paradoxical reaction

D. Paradoxical reaction

When a patient is a high priority and there is no time for a complete secondary assessment on scene, which of the following should you perform before you transport? A. Complete medical history B. Full neurologic exam C. Grip strength exam D. Rapid full-body scan

D. Rapid full-body scan

A patient with respiratory acidosis may present with which of the following symptoms? A. Blurred vison B. Heart palpitations C. Constipation D. Warm and flush skin

D. Warm and flush skin

Which action does not minimize the risk of medications errors?

Label the medications so they make more sense to you

What type of medication is montelukast (singulair)?

Leukotriene blocker