Synovial Joint Movements

Inversion and Eversion

movements of the sole of the foot medially or laterally.

Elevation and Depression

up and down.

Abduction, Adduction, and Circumduction

-Abduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body. -Adduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part toward the midline of the body, or towards the midline of a limb. -Circumduction is the movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed.

Hyperextension, Extension, Flexion

-Flexion describes a bending movement that decreases the angle between a segment and its proximal segment. -Extension is the opposite of flexion, describing a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts -Hyperextension is extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit.

Opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips.

Dosriflexion and Plantar Flexion

Of foot.

Rotation

Rotation of body parts is referred to as internal or external, referring to rotation towards or away from the center of the body.

Protraction and Retraction

anterior to posterior movement of scapula or mandible.

Pronation and Supination

palms down to palms up.