System Analysis and Design Chapters 4, 5, 6 review
On an activity diagram, which of the following is NOT a valid use of a synchronization bar?
To initiate alternative paths
What is the primary purpose of the CRUD technique?
To validate the set of defined use cases
A big part of describing the environment is identifying and defining all the types of computing devices that will be required.
True
A class of objects is equivalent to a set of objects.
True
A composite object only exist as part of a whole-part relationship.
True
A loop frame and an asterisk mean the same thing in a sequence diagram.
True
A package diagram is useful to document the various subsystems in a system.
True
A semantic net illustrates individual objects within a class diagram.
True
A superclass only exists as part of a generalization/specialization.
True
An Opt frame and a true/false condition on a message serve essentially the same purpose.
True
An activity diagram and the flow of activities in a fully developed use case description serve the same purpose.
True
An actor is always outside of the automation boundary.
True
An objective of security controls is to maintain a stable operating environment for users.
True
An oval indicates an embedded use case inside of an activity diagram.
True
Attributes can sometimes be combined together to form a larger group.
True
Designing a single user interface is now the exception, not the norm.
True
During analysis, analysts build models to represent the real world and to understand the desired business processes with the information used in those processes.
True
Every state-machine diagram must have both origin states and destination states.
True
In a sequence diagram, a message is considered to be an action that is invoked on the destination object.
True
In an activity diagram, a separate use case may used as part of the workflow.
True
In an interaction diagram, messages are sent and received by individual objects, not by classes.
True
In generalization/specialization the objects in a subclass are always also contained in the parent class.
True
In the object-oriented approach to systems development, the flow of information is achieved by sending messages either to and from actors or back and forth between internal objects.
True
In user interface design the detailed screen layouts should be done after the devices have been decided.
True
In using the CRUD technique, new use cases and new stakeholders may be identified.
True
On a sequence diagram, a message represents a service request.
True
One of the first steps in designing the application components is to divide the software into subsystems.
True
Security design and encryption issues are addressed during database design.
True
Synchronization bars are used to indicate looping in an activity diagram.
True
The CRUD technique can be used to identify new use cases as well as delete unnecessary use cases.
True
The key question to answer with the design of the user interface activity is, "How will the users interact with the system?"
True
The majority of new systems today must be integrated into existing networks without disrupting existing applications.
True
The objective of design activities is to describe in detail the components of the final solution system that will serve as a blue print for construction.
True
The output of the design activities is a set of diagrams and documents that describe the solution system.
True
____ is used to describe the relationship between two things of the same type, such as one person being married to another person.
Unary association
Which of the following really is both an analysis (discovery) and a design process (solution).
User interface design
In a fully developed use case description the exception conditions represent what?
What conditions prevent the system from successfully completing the use case.
In a fully developed use case description normally the preconditions describe what?
What objects must exist prior to the use case executes.
The guard-condition on a transition indicates what?
Whether the transition fires.
In a generalization/specialization relationship, it would not make sense for a class at the bottom of the hierarchy to be a ______ class.
abstract
A ______ control restricts which persons or programs can add, modify or view information.
access
A ____________________ is the list of users who have rights to access the system and data.
access control list
In UML terminology in a sequence diagram, a message refers to a _______.
action
In a transition label in a state machine the syntax is A(B)[C]/D. The D stands for what?
action expression
The diagram model that is useful to document the flow of activities on a fully developed use case description is called a _______ diagram.
activity
In UML the constraint denoted by "0..*" indicates what?
an optional relationship
A major comparison between analysis and design can be stated as:
analysis is understanding, design is solution
A class that represents a many-to-many association between two other classes is called a ____ class.
association
A descriptive piece of information about a thing or object is called a _______.
attribute
A piece of information about a particular object is called a _______.
attribute
A technique to identify problem domain objects in which developers and users work together in an open group setting is called the _______ .
brainstorming technique
One technique to find the "things" that need to be included in the new system begins by starting with a user and the use cases and then try to identify the necessary informational "things." This technique is called the _______.
brainstorming technique
The objective of Implementation is to
build a new system
When words are concatenated together to form a single word and the first letter of each is capitalized it is called _______ notation.
camelcase
The crows feet notation on an ERD is a type of _______ constraint.
cardinality
The number of associations that occur among specific things in an entity relationship diagram is called ____.
cardinality
Inheritance describes a condition between classes where _______.
classes share some attributes
If we modeled a "sale" and the "sale items" with a whole-part relationship, it would best be described as a _______ relationship.
composite
A type of relationship where between classes where the objects in one class are a part of the objects in another class AND they can only exist as part of the totality.
composition
An attribute that contains a collection of related attributes is called a _______.
compound attribute
In a state machine diagram when an object is in multiple states at the same time it is called _________.
concurrency
An integrity control that verifies the data in one field against the data in other fields is called a ____ control.
field combination
A model of fraud that states that opportunity, motivation, and rationalization must all exist for fraud to occur is called the ________.
fraud triangle
In a relationship where there are superclasses and subclasses, the relationship is called a _______ relationship.
generalization/specialization
Which of the following is NOT considered a design model?
Activity diagram
In a fully developed use case description, the flow of activities is most similar to what?
An activity diagram
On an SSD, a named rectangular box represents what?
An object
Two methods to show a repeating message are: (Choose two)
Asterisk *, Loop frame
____________________ is the process of identifying a user to verify that he or she can have access to the system.
Authentication
_______ is the process of allowing or restricting a specific user's access to specific resources.
Authorization
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the risk of fraud?
Authorization of users
A technique that is used to validate the set of use cases against identified classes is called __________ technique.
CRUD
Which model is most useful in developing a State Machine Diagram
Class Diagram
What is the name of the control mechanism that is used to ensure that all necessary information for a transaction has been entered?
Completeness control
The idea that the attributes of a superclass are also attributes of a subclass is called ______.
inheritance
A ______ control is a control that rejects invalid inputs, prevent unauthorized outputs, and protects data and programs against tampering.
integrity
An attribute for an object which can be used to uniquely identify that object is called a _______.
key
An attribute whose value uniquely identifies an object is called a _______.
key attribute
On a sequence diagram when multiple messages are included within a repeating loop a _______ is used to document it.
loop frame
The technique for finding problem domain objects by finding and listing all the nouns in a dialog or description is called the _______.
noun technique
A box in a system sequence diagram refers to a what?
object
CRUD stands for _______________.
Create, Read, Update, Delete
Two methods to show a return value are: (Choose two)
Dashed arrow with value,value :=
What is the name of a general control technique used to ensure that entered data is correct?
Data validation control
The domain model is always used as an input to which design activity?
Database design
The design activity key question, "How will this system interact with other systems..." is part of which design activity?
Describe the environment
Software methods are usually identified in which design model?
Design class diagram
Build or buy questions are usually addressed during which design activity?
Design the application components
Which of the following is not one of the design activities included in the Design System Components core process?
Design the security controls
Which is NOT an objective of integrity controls?
Ensure a stable functioning operating environment
Which of the following is NOT a step in the development of a state machine diagram?
Expand the name of each state to identify concurrent activities.
What are two key elements of describing the environment?
External systems and technology architecture
A good way to describe a use case scenario is with a state chart.
False
To show a set of messages that may be optional a __________ is used.
opt frame
In a state machine diagram, a state is represented by a _______.
oval
A true/false condition on a message indicates the condition of the return value of the message, i.e. whether the message was successful or not.
False
A true/false condition on a sequence diagram indicates whether the message can be processed or not.
False
Activity diagrams are not helpful in developing system sequence diagrams (SSDs).
False
Activity diagrams cannot be used to describe processes that involve automated system activities.
False
Attributes are part of a UML class diagram, but not included in ERD diagrams.
False
Completeness control is an integrity control that identifies when a value in a field is too large or too small.
False
Cowboy coding is one of the newer techniques programming, often used with Agile techniques.
False
Database design is somewhat of a stand-alone activity because each database runs under its own DBMS.
False
Database design often requires someone with analysis skills since many decisions must be made about the field sizes and characteristics.
False
Defining the technology architecture is part of the activity to Design the application components.
False
Each concurrent path in a state-machine diagram will contain multiple states.
False
In UML a zero to many multiplicity constraint is shown with a "O" and crows feet on the line.
False
In a system sequence diagram a box refers to a class of objects.
False
In a system sequence diagram the order of the messages is determined by numbering the messages.
False
Information for Use Case Descriptions is primarily derived from System Sequence Diagrams.
False
It is just as important to have heavy user involvement during analysis as it is during design.
False
Model building is a unique to Systems Analysis.
False
One of the disadvantages of UML and object-oriented models is the difficulty of synchronizing the models.
False
Package diagrams are used primarily when designing the software classes.
False
Prototypes and mock-ups are most useful in doing the design of the software classes.
False
Since the design activities all interact with each other, it really doesn't matter which activity occurs first.
False
Symmetric key encryption uses a public key and a private key.
False
The best use of the CRUD technique is used to generate new use cases.
False
The cardinality of a class is a measure of the number of objects in the class.
False
The noun technique can be thought of as a variation of the brainstorming technique.
False
The primary purpose of integrity controls is to track external activity.
False
The project plan is required to get the project approved.
False
Two difference scenarios of a use case would normally be described in a single fully developed use case description.
False
According to an Agile iterative development process in which iteration would design activities normally start?
First iteration
On an Activity Diagram the arrows represent what?
Flow of activities
In a sequence diagram the syntax of a message is given by the following: [A] B := C (D) The letter D represents what?
parameter list
A certain set of values or statuses that must exist after a use case completes its processing is called a _______.
postcondition
A certain set of values or statuses that must exist before a use case begins is called a _______.
precondition
When the data is encrypted with the public key in asymmetric encryption, it is decrypted with a ____ key.
private
A user who has special security and access to a system, such as the right to assign passwords, is called a ____.
privileged user
The specific area of the user's business need that is within the scope of the new system is called the _______.
problem domain
The beginning state of an object when its states are diagrammed is called a ___________.
pseudostate
In a sequence diagram the syntax of a message is given by the following: [A] B := C (D) The letter B represents what?
return value
A unique set of internal activities within a use case which represents a unique path through the use case is called a _______.
scenario
Use cases may have different "paths" or sequence of steps through the use case. These different paths are called _______.
scenario
A control that protects the assets of an organization against all threats, primarily external threats is called ______ control.
security
A UML diagram that shows the life of an object in states and transitions is called a __________.
state machine
For real-world objects the state of an object is the same as its _______.
status condition
On an activity diagram, what are the vertical rectangles that contain the activity ovals called?
swim lanes
In ____________________ encryption, the same key encrypts and decrypts the data.
symmetric
The symbol that is used to initiate concurrent paths in a state machine diagram is what?
synchronization bar
A diagram that shows the messages between an actor and the system is called a _______.
system sequence diagram
A good way to ensure that all the use cases have been identified is through _______________.
the CRUD technique
Numbering exception conditions, which often uses hierarchical numbering, in a fully developed use case description is helpful to _______.
tie the exception condition to a processing step
The movement of an object from one state to another is done through the process of a ___________.
transition
Which of the following is NOT an element in a transition label?
trigger
The following is the message syntax for an SSD. "[ _________ ] return-value := message-name (parameter-list)" What is missing?
true/false condition
Three types of users that are considered in the design of a security system are ____.
unauthorized user, registered user, and privileged user
An application component can be thought of as a __________
unit of software
A textual model that describes the processing details of a use case is called a ________.
use case description
The ____ are the primary models from which other models draw information.
use case diagram and the problem domain class diagram
A control that checks the value of a field to ensure that it is within the correct range is a _______ control.
value limit
In a sequence diagram the message-name is usually given in what format?
verb-noun
Using digital signatures is primarily a technique to ____.
verifying who sent a document
The design activity key question, "What internal structure for each application component will ensure efficient construction..." is part of which design activity?
Design the software classes
In a fully developed use case description the postcondition data describes what conditions?
The existence of domain model objects.
In a sequence diagram a horizontal dashed line represents what?
A return message
Which of the following is NOT a valid construct as part of an activity diagram?
Relationship line
On an SSD, a dashed arrow usually represents what?
Return value(s)
If the True/False condition on a message evaluates to false in a sequence diagram, which of the following is correct?
The message is not sent
A vehicle object is denoted with the following label.
:Vehicle _______
When analyzing the list of nouns to determine whether to EXCLUDE a particular noun as an important "thing," which of the following questions should be asked about the noun? (choose two)
Is it a synonym of an existing thing? Is it an output from the system?
When analyzing the list of nouns to determine whether to INCLUDE a particular noun as an important "thing," which of the following questions should be asked about the noun?
Is it unique? Are there multiple instances of it?
When describing the interfaces to external systems, which is not one of the important issues?
Programming languages
Which user is known to the system and is authorized to access all or certain parts of it?
Registered user
Limiting user access to the system is considered what type of design activity?
Security and controls design
Which design activity that pervades all other design activities?
Security and controls design
When making a list of nouns to determine what are the important "things" for the new system, there are three question that should be asked about each noun. Which of the following is one of those questions?
Should it be researched further?
Activity diagrams are useful in the development of ______________.
System Sequence Diagrams
Which of the following is the best model to use to document the inputs and the outputs to a system?
System Sequence Diagrams
Which of the following can be classified as privileged users?
System programmers, application programmers, and system administrators
On a systems sequence diagram, ____ indicate(s) a true/false condition.
[]
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of object-oriented modeling with several models is that _____.
developing new models allows the analyst to discard unnecessary diagrams.
A ____ is an institution's name and public key, which is encrypted and certified by a third party.
digital certificate
The encoding of a message with a private key is called ____________________.
digital signature
A type of relationship where between classes where the objects in one class are a part of the objects in another class BUT they can also exist as separate objects alone.
aggregation
To show if-then-else condition on a sequence diagram use a ______.
alt frame
A term in UML that describes a naturally occurring relationship between specific things is called a _______.
association
An association that is also treated as a class is called a _______.
association class
On a sequence diagram a short notation that indicates a repeating message is a _______.
asterisk
In the traditional approach to system development, the system stores information about ____.
data entities
When an object moves from one state to another the ending state is a called a __________.
destination state
Vertical dashed lines on a system sequence diagram are used to depict a what?
lifeline
A relationship that has a cardinality constraint of one or more is a _______ relationship.
mandatory
An association class is frequently required for what kind of relationship?
many to many
An arrow on a system sequence diagram is used to depict a what?
message
A synonym for cardinality (used with UML class diagrams) is ____.
multiplicity
In UML notation for object-oriented approach the term _______ is used instead of cardinality.
multiplicity
One technique for finding "things" that need to be in the new system is done by the analyst starts making lists of "things." He may do this from information and even without talking to the users extensively. This technique is called the _______.
noun technique
A sequential set of connected states and transitions is called a _______________.
path
A drawing which shows individual objects and their links with other objects, and which is used to help understand the problem domain classes is called a _______ .
semantic net
An example of an attribute of an object might be _______.
social security number
A condition during an object's life when it satisfies some criterion is called a ______.
state
The general relationship between classes in which one class is a part or component of another class is called a _______ relationship.
whole-part
The action-expression occurs when?
Before the object enters the destination state.
A relationship between a "sports team" and the players, coaches, and sponsor would be described as what kind of relationship?
Aggregation
A state-machine diagram is usually developed for every class in the problem domain class diagram.
False
Activity diagrams are not helpful when the flow of activities is too complex.
False
An Opt frame and an Alt frame do essentially the same thing.
False
An abstract class is used to describe a "thing" that is abstract, i.e. not tangible.
False
On an activity diagram, the diamond represents an "AND" condition.
False
Two techniques to identify things in the problem domain are the noun technique and the verb technique.
False
When identifying things in the problem domain, an analyst should focus primarily on tangible things about which information is required.
False
_____ is based on the idea that people classify things in terms of similarities and differences.
Generalization/Specialization
_______ is used to describe the actual range of linkups allowed in an association (the minimum and maximum values).
Multiplicity Constraints
When using the brainstorming technique it is often helpful to think about each use case and talking to users.
True
When using the noun technique, the analyst begins by listing all the nouns that the users mention.
True