Systemic final - old material questions
T/F: synergism's are muscles that oppose the agonist
False
T/F: the sciatic nerve arises from the lumbar plexus
False
An osteon (haversian system) is:
Structural unit of compact bone
T/F A somatic motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates is called a motor unit
True
T/F: In females, the urinary bladder is anterior to the vagina
True
T/F: agonists contract while antagonists relax
True
T/F: the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair
True
Basement membrane in BVs are part of the
Tunica interna
Layer of BVs thicker in arteries than veins
Tunica media
Muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are
flexors of wrist and digits
Which best describes lacrimal bone
houses a structure that gathers tears
Number of phalanges in one hand
14
In the motor pathway how many neurons carry the signal to myofibers
2
The articular cartilage: 1. Consists of two layers: outer layer of dense fibrous CT and inner layer of loose CT, 2. Firmly binds the articulating bones, 3. Covers surfaces of articulating bones at synovial joint, 4. Helps absorb shock and reduce friction at synovial joint
3 and 4
Place the following events in the correct order: 1. ACh is released into synaptic cleft 2. Muscle action potential is triggered. 3. Action potential arrives at synaptic end bulb. 4. ACh binds to receptors on motor end plate
3, 1, 4, 2
A typical reflex arc involves the following components: 1. Sensory neuron 2. Motor neuron 3. Sensory receptor 4. Integrating center 5. Effector
3, 1, 4, 2, 5
How many cartilages are there in the larynx
9
The cup-shaped depression formed by all three portions of hip bone is the
Acetabulum
Select muscle served by obdurate nerve
Adductor muscles of thigh
A midsaggital section of the brain would pass through: longitudinal fissure, corpus coliseum, flax cerebra, all of these
All of these
A synapse is a functional junction between: two neurons, a neuron and a muscle cell, a neuron and a glandular cell, all of these
All of these
The gray matter of the spinal cord: is subdivided into regions called horns, surrounded by white matter, contains neuronal cell bodies, all of these
All of these
What structures of synovial joints absorb shock from external forces that are placed on it: articular cartilage, synovial fluid, hyaline cartilage covering articulating surfaces of bones, none, all
All of these
Serous membranes are associated with: pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, abdominal cavity, or all of these
All of these choices
Structure in the lung that is part of the respiratory zone
Alveolar ducts
Pectinate muscles are seen in the
Atriums
The word dorsum may be used to describe
Back of hand, or top of foot
T/F: The hardness of a bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. T/F: The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers
Both are true
From which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise
Brachial
When examined microscopically, striations are visible in the ______ muscle tissue
Cardiac and skeletal
Part of the stomach that surrounds the opening of the esophagus into the stomach
Cardiac region
Dendrites are processes of a neuron that
Carry nerve impulses into the neuron cell body
What part of brain would you find arbor vitae
Cerebellum
The cerebral cortex is located where
Cerebrum
The main plexuses formed by anterior rami of spinal nerves:
Cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral
What anatomical Structure is being described using the following anatomical terms: medial to ear, lateral to nose, inferior to eye, superior to maxillary teeth
Cheek (buccal)
The levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex are:
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system
Best description of thoracic and upper lumbar lateral gray horns
Contain sypmpathetic preganglionic cell bodies
The best description of white ramus
Contains sympathetic preganglionic axons
Functions of the skeletal system do not include
Control of body temperature
Phrenic nerve arises from cervical plexus. Select the structure served by it
Diaphragm
Patellar surface, with which the patella articulates is located on the ____ end of the _____
Distal, femur
______ (or motor) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____ (muscles or glands)
Efferent, central nervous system, effectors
Division of autonomic nervous system that is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder
Enteric
Visceral layer of serous pericardium is also termed as
Epicardium
Nasal septum is made up of septal cartilage, vomer, and ___
Ethmoid bone
Membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones of an infant skull are called
Fontanels
A _____ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord.
Ganglion
Which of the following is not a tarsal bone: navicular, hamate, cuboid, cuneiform, talus
Hamate
The ulna
Has radial notch on lateral surface
The ____ is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
Surface of the heart that rests mostly on the diaphragm is
Inferior surface
Internal urethral sphincter is made up of
Involuntary skeletal muscle
Only 15-20% of nephrons are
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Which is not a type of neuroglial cell (helper)
Kupfer cell
Which of the following best describes a tub erosion
Large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment
Structure that connects the stomach and duodenum to the liver
Lesser omentum
Structures that are most responsible for holding bones together at synovial joints are
Ligaments
2 muscles that insert on the angle of the ramus of the mandible and elevate the mandible
Massager, temporalis
Which feature goes with the knee joint
Medial and lateral menisci
The frontal bone: contributes to sagittal suture, forms part of floor or orbit, articulates w mandible, articulates w occipital bone, none
None
In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area
Occipital lobe
Which muscle is not attached to the scapula in any way
Pectoralis major
A good description for a condyloma (ellipsoidal) joint is
Oval-shaped projection fits into oval shape depression
The post central gurus is in the ____ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary ______ area
Parietal, somatosensory
Most specifically, the heart is located in the
Pericardial cavity
Which of these does not belong to distal row of carpal bones: hamate, pisiform, trapezoid, trapezium, capitate
Pisiform
Which of the following contain sensory information only
Posterior (dorsal) root
Which of the following muscles extends the leg at the knee and aids in flexion at the hip
Recuts Femoris
Functions of kidney
Regulate blood volume, regulate BP, production of hormones
Primary type of movement permitted by pivot joint
Rotation
Heart sound caused by blood turbulence associated w closure of AV valves
S1
Bone that consists of 5 fused bones, triangular in shape, serves as boundary of pelvic cavity
Sacrum
A _____ section of the body or organ would divide the organ into Right and Left sides
Sagittarius
Cardiac muscle is best characterized by which of the following
Single nucleus, involuntary, intercalated discs
5th cranial nerve provides sensory info from the face. The three branches of the tribe in al nerve pass from the periphery of the face to the brain through three separate foramina. Which cranial bone contains the foramina for the bass age of the branches of the trigeminal nerve
Sphenoid
Which muscle rotates the head when contracted unilaterally
Sternocleidomastoid
The action that moves the palm of hand into anatomical position
Supination
The greater tubercle of the humerus is the point of insertion of which muscle
Supraspinatus
A ___ type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage
Symphysis
What portion of vertebra does not surround the spinal cord to protect it from injury
TVP
Which skull bone contains the mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, and zygomatic process
Temporal
What pair of skull bones contribute to the only freely moveable joint of the head
Temporal and mandible
Almost all sensory impulses pass through what structure on their way to the cerebral cortex
Thalamus
The mandible has condylar processes and coronoid processes
The condylar process is articular; the coronoid process is for muscle attachment
Which of the following statements is false: the diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity, the esophagus is located in the mediastinum, the vertebral canal contains the spinal cord, the pleural cavities containing the lungs are part of the thoracic cavity
The diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity
An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "the victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region" this means:
The victim was struck on the chin
What is another name for the carpal region
The wrist
What is a characteristic of spongy bone tissue but not compact bone tissue
Trabeculae
Using the following directional terms, decide which bone is being describe: proximal to metacarpal I, distal to scaphoid, lateral to trapezoid
Trapezium
Inability to control eyeball movement my indicate damage to what cranial nerves
Trochlear, oculomotor, abducens (4, 3, 6)
A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium
True
Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear
White
A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they
are responsible for the destruction (resorption) of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream
Which best describes occipital bone
bears condyles that form the atlanto-occipital joints
Which joint shows a pivot motion
between atlas and dens of axis
Which best describes a typical cervical vertebra
contains transverse foramina
Select the best description of the ependymal cells
form lining of brain ventricles
Which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the only movements
hinge and monaxial joints
Which of the following responses is a result of sympathetic stimulation
increased rate and depth of breathing
The ethmoid bone does NOT contain
inferior nasal conchae
Which peripheral nerves are responsible for cutaneous sensation from skin of anterior abdominal wall as well as motor innervation to anterior abdominal wall muscles
intercostal (thoracic) nerves
A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Which of the following is true of the radius: medial bone of forearm, head articulates w distal end of ulna, articulates w trochlear notch of humerus, none of these
none of these
Which of the following is found on the posterior distal surface of humerus
olecranon fossa
Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon. Which of the following are those mature bone cells?
osteocytes
Which feature goes with the elbow joint?
radial collateral ligament
The deltoid muscle is named according to
relative shape of the muscle
In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum
releases Ca2+ to trigger contraction
Which of the following best describes a facet
smooth, flat surface
Senses of pain and temperature are conveyed to the brain by
spinothalamic tracts
Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely associated or matched
talocrural (ankle), diarthrosis
Conus medullaris is
the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement
Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are the biceps brachii and the
triceps brachii
Select the structures served by radial nerve
triceps brachii
The cranial nerve which conveys parasympathetic control of most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities is
vagus (X) nerve
Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched
white matter, tracts in the central nervous system