System's Analysis Exam 3

"Notifying users when on the last page of a multi-paged sequence" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

An easy navigation system

A(n) ________ is an external entity that interacts with a system and is someone or something that exchanges information with the systems.

Actor

A ________ can be best understood as data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another.

Data Flow

________ are NOT a component of data flow diagram symbols.

Data Programs

A ________ is a diagram of process logic where the logic is reasonably complicated.

Decision Table

________ is a usability dimension concerned with how quickly users can perform tasks once they know how to perform them.

Efficiency

"Use abbreviations and acronyms only when they are widely understood by users and are significantly shorter than the full text" is not a guideline for displaying text. (T/F)

False

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within or outside a system. (T/F)

False

A data store is data at rest and may represent only one physical location for data.

False

A data store is data at rest and may represent only one physical location for data. (T/F)

False

A level-1 diagram is a DFD that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail. (T/F)

False

A paper prototype is a simple design to show the placement of information elements on a screen and the space needed for each element. (T/F)

False

A report is a business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in. (T/F)

False

A source/sink might not consist of a person inside or outside the business unit supported by the system you are analyzing who interacts with the system. (T/F)

False

Ad-hoc reports provide details behind the summary values on a key-indicator or exception report. (T/F)

False

Data flow diagrams are non-versatile diagramming tools and consist of only three symbols. (T/F)

False

Drill-down reports highlight data that are out of the normal operating range. (T/F)

False

Emphasis on the logical organization of information is not a benefit of using color. (T/F)

False

Highlighting cannot be a valuable technique for notifying users of errors in data entry or processing. (T/F)

False

If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere or data stores, processes or external entities that are not connected to anything else, your DFD is not accurate. (T/F)

False

Size differences and reverse video are common methods of highlighting information. (T/F)

False

Which usability factor specifies that information should be viewed and retrieved in a manner most convenient to the user?

Flexibility

"Left-justify textual data, use short line length, usually 30-40 characters per line" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting numeric, textual, and alphanumeric data

"Right-justify numeric data and align columns by decimal points or other delimiter" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting numeric, textual, and alphanumeric data

________ is/are NOT a deliverable for process modeling.

Inadequately decomposed diagrams

A(n) ________ arises when one use case uses another use case and is shown diagrammatically as a dotted-line arrow pointed toward the use case that is being used.

Include Relationship

Left-justifying text and leaving a ragged-right margin is related to which of the guidelines for displaying text?

Justification

The ________ report provides a summary of critical information on a recurring basis.

Key-indicator

Functional decomposition is a(n) ________ process of breaking the description of a system down into finer and finer detail, which creates a set of charts in which one process on a given chart is explained in greater detail on another chart.

Iterative

"Information should be provided in a manner that is usable without modification" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful Information

"Only needed information should be displayed in a report" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful Information

"Clear and specific titles describing content and use of form or report" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful Titles

"Valid date, which identifies on what date (or time) the data in the form or report was accurate," is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful Titles

________ is a usability dimension concerned with how easy it is to remember how to accomplish a task when revisiting the system after a period of time.

Memorability

A ________ is a business document that contains only predefined data; it is a passive document used solely for reading or viewing.

Report

A paper prototype is a series of mock ________ that can be used to test content, look, and feel, as well as the task flow and other usability factors.

Screens

A ________ is used in both conventions for sources/sinks and has a name that states what the external agent is, such as Customer, Teller, EPA Office, or Inventory Control System.

Square

A style-sheet based HTML is a Web design approach that separates content from the way in which it is formatted and presented, making ongoing maintenance easier and site-wide consistency much higher. (T/F)

True

An example of inconsistency would be a data flow that appears on a higher-level DFD but not on lower levels (also a violation of balancing). (T/F)

True

An icon may also look like a button that, when selected or depressed, causes the system to take an action relevant to that form, such as cancel, save, edit a record, or ask for help. (T/F)

True

Because requirements determination and structuring are often parallel steps, DFDs evolve from the more general to the more detailed as current and replacement systems are better understood. (T/F)

True

DFDs are not as good as flowcharts for depicting the details of physical systems; on the other hand, flowcharts are not very useful for depicting purely logical information flows. (T/F)

True

In addition to providing a look and feel that can be assessed, the paper prototype is also used to test content, task flow, and other usability factors. (T/F)

True

Increasingly, developers are using tools that can quickly create screen mockups, referred to as wireframes. (T/F)

True

Offsetting the position of nonstandard information is one of the methods of highlighting information. (T/F)

True

Sources/sinks are sometimes referred to as external entities because they are outside the system.

True

Sources/sinks are sometimes referred to as external entities because they are outside the system. (T/F)

True

The benefits of color only seem to apply if the information is first provided to the user in the most appropriate presentation format. (T/F)

True

The inputs to a process must be sufficient to produce the outputs (including data placed in data stores) from the process. Thus, all outputs can be produced, and all data in inputs move somewhere: to another process or to a data store outside the process or onto a more detailed DFD showing a decomposition of that process. (T/F)

True

The usability of information displayed in tables and alphanumeric lists is likely to be much more heavily influenced by effective layout than most other types of information display. (T/F)

True

User-centered design refers to a design approach that involves an understanding of the target audience, their tasks and goals, information needs, experience levels, and so on. (T/F)

True

A data flow to a data store means ________.

Update

________ is an overall evaluation of how a system performs in supporting a particular user for a particular task.

Usability

"Redisplay labels when the data extend beyond a single screen or page" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Use meaningful labels

"Information should be balanced on the screen or page" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

A balanced layout

Data flow repository entries typically will NOT include ________.

A long description defining the data flow

A data flow has a noun phrase label. More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single ________ as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.

Arrow

________ is NOT a phase in a systems development life cycle.

Attributes

"Avoid using image buttons that don't clearly change when being clicked," is a tip to avoid which error?

Buttons That Provide No Click Feedback

Displaying text in mixed uppercase and lowercase and using conventional punctuation is related to which of the guidelines for displaying text?

Case"Avoid using image buttons that don't clearly change when being clicked," is a tip to avoid which error?

Which of the following is a problem caused by using a color in forms and reports?

Color fidelity may degrade on different displays.

The concept of DFD ________ refers to whether you have included in your DFDs all of the components necessary for the system you are modeling.

Completeness

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to avoid requiring users to scroll down a page to view information, especially navigational controls?

Displaying long lists as long pages

The ________ report highlights data that are out of the normal operating range.

Exception

A(n) ________ in a data flow means that exactly the same data goes from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks. (This usually indicates different copies of the same data going to different locations.)

Fork

A ________ is a business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in.

Form

"Avoid overly fancy fonts and sort in a meaningful order" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting columns, rows, and text

"Similar information displayed in multiple columns should be sorted vertically" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting columns, rows, and text

"Use same family of typefaces within and across displays and reports" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting columns, rows, and text

The act of going from a single system to ________ component processes is called (functional) decomposition.

Four

With only ________ symbols, you can use DFDs to represent both physical and logical information systems.

Four

A ________ is a DFD that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.

Level-0 Diagram

Balancing is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a DFD process when that process is decomposed to a ________ level.

Lower

At the ________ level of DFDs, new data flows may be added to represent data that are transmitted under exceptional conditions. These data flows typically represent error messages or confirmation notices.

Lowest

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to make sure that when using standard design items, they behave in accordance with major interface design standard?

Nonstandard use of GUI widgets

A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leaves. There must be at least ________ other process(es) that handle(s) the data flow, produce(s) some other data flow, and return(s) the original data flow to the beginning process.

One

A data flow has ________ direction(s) of flow between symbols. It may flow in both directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update.

One

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to make sure the site is continuously updated so that users "feel" that the site is regularly maintained and updated?

Outdated information

No process can have only ________. It would be making data from nothing (a miracle). If an object has only outputs, then it must be a source.

Outputs

Flowcharting has been criticized by proponents of structured analysis and design because it is too ________.

Physically oriented

A ________ is the work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed.

Process

Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store. Data must be moved by a ________.

Process

A report typically contains data from many unrelated ________ or transactions.

Records

________ is NOT one of the levels of details suggested by Cockburn.

Red

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to avoid using large images, lots of images, unnecessary animations, or other time-consuming content that will slow the downloading time of a page?

Slow download times

A ________ lists what it takes to satisfy stakeholders if the use case is completed successfully.

Success Guarantee

When designing forms and reports, which characteristic focuses on the platform on which the system is constructed that will influence interaction styles and devices?

System

In business-related systems, ________ is becoming increasingly important as text-based applications such as electronic mail, bulletin boards, and information services are more widely used.

Textual Output

A data flow is data that move together, so it can be composed of many individual pieces of data that are generated at the same time and that flow together to common destinations. (T/F)

True

A key-indicator report provides a summary of critical information on a recurring basis. (T/F)

True

A single menu has obvious advantages over a command language but may provide little guidance beyond invoking the command. (T/F)

True

A use-case consists of a set of possible sequences of interactions between a system and ________ in a particular environment, possible sequences that are related to a particular goal.

User

Increasingly, developers are using tools that can quickly create screen mockups, referred to as ________, to show the placement of information elements on a screen and the space needed for each element.

Wireframes