The American Nation Chapter 9 Test Study Guide

Judiciary Act

a 1789 law that created the structure of the Supreme Court and set up a system of distinct courts and circuit courts for the nation

French Revolution

a 1789 rebellion in France that ended the French monarchy for a time

Neutrality Proclamation

a 1793 statement by President Washington that the U.S. would not support or aid France OR Britain in their European conflict

Whiskey Rebellion

a 1794 protest over a tax on all liquor made and sold in the U.S.

Jay's Treaty

a 1795 agreement between Britain and the U.S. that called for Britain to pay charges for seized American ships and to give up forts it still had in the west

XYZ Affair

a 1797 French attempt to bribe the U.S. by demanding money before discussing French seizure of neutral American ships

precedent

an act or decision that sets an example for others to follow

Bank of the U.S.

bank set up in 1791 to hold government deposits and to issue paper money to pay government bills

nullify

cancel

bond

certificate that promises to repay the money loaned, plus interest, on a certain date

Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

declarations passed in 1798 and 1799 that claimed each state has the right to decide whether a federal law is constitutional

frigates

fast-sailing ships with many guns

Farewell Address

final official speech of Presidents as they exit office

cabinet

group of officials who head government departments and advise the President

Alien and Sedition Acts

in 1798, Federalist-supported laws that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials

unconstitutional

not permitted by the Constitution

neutral

not taking sides in a conflict

faction

opposing groups within a party

speculator

someone who invests in a risky venture in the hopes of making a large profit

sedition

stirring up rebellion against a government

Federalists

supporters of Alexander Hamilton

Democratic Republicans

supporters of Thomas Jefferson

tariff

tax

foreign policy

the actions that a nation takes in relation to other nations

inauguration

the ceremony in which the President officially takes the oath of office

states' rights

the right of states to limit the power of the federal government

national debt

the total amount of money that a government owes to others